Human Population and Rates.ppt
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World population is currently around 6.47 billion as of 2005, with about 4 births and 2 deaths occurring every second, adding around 72 million people per year. There are varying views on whether population growth will lead to resource depletion or if human ingenuity can overcome these issues. Most population growth is occurring in less developed countries, which currently make up 80% of the world's people but over 90% of projected growth. By 2050, India will likely be the most populous country. Factors like increased incomes and education have led to declining fertility rates globally as part of the demographic transition process, but opinions differ on whether world population will stabilize this century or if poorer countries face a "demographic trap".
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Population of an area is the total number of all individuals alive in a particular point in time. (Thomas Frejka, 1973)
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Mortality Rate is the total Number of deaths per 1000 individual per year.
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High Birthrate
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http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/age_structure.html
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Carrying capacity is the maximum population that a given area can sustain.
Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
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Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
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Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
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Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
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The document discusses issues related to population growth and urbanization. It addresses how human population growth has increased exponentially in the past 200 years due to factors like expanded habitats, improved agriculture, and decreased mortality. If trends continue, the global population is estimated to reach 9 billion by 2050. Urbanization is also increasing, with more people living in urban than rural areas. Urban sprawl poses challenges like loss of land, increased resource use, and economic impacts on central cities. Strategies to slow population growth and curb urban sprawl's negative effects are proposed.
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The document discusses human population growth and its environmental impacts. It uses Bangladesh as a case study. Some key points:
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- Hinduism believes the basic nature of humans is a divine spirit within the soul, beyond the body and mind. It has many beliefs including reincarnation and karma. Ahimsa or nonviolence is one of its ideals to avoid harming any living thing physically, mentally or emotionally.
- Buddhism originated in India and believes human
syllabus.pdf
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JAINISM-AND-HINDUISM.pdf
Jainism is one of the oldest religions in India dating back to at least the 1st century BCE. It teaches that the path to enlightenment is through nonviolence and minimizing harm to all living things as much as possible. Jains practice strict vegetarianism and even avoid foods like root vegetables that would kill the plant. Monks and nuns try to avoid harming any living thing, even insects. Jainism's principles of nonviolence have influenced other religions in India such as Hinduism.
PopulationsChapter_9-10.ppt
Chapter 9 discusses key concepts in population ecology including factors affecting population size, species reproductive and survivorship patterns, and human impacts on ecosystems. Population dynamics can result in exponential or logistic growth as determined by a species' biotic potential and the environmental resistance of the habitat. Density-dependent and density-independent factors influence population size through birth, death, immigration and emigration rates. Chapter 10 examines factors influencing the human population size such as birth and death rates, fertility rates, and immigration policies. Rapid global population growth is straining the Earth's resources.
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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- 2. 2 Chapter Four - Topics • Population growth • Limits to growth: some opposing views • Human demography • Population growth: opposing factors • Demographic transition • Family planning and fertility control • The future of human populations
- 3. 3 Part 1: Population Growth World population now 6.47 billion (Oct 12, 2005) http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html Click here for current US and World population estimates ->
- 4. 4 Current Birth and Death Rates • Every second: about 4 children are born, while about 2 other people die • Net gain: 2.3 humans added to the world population every second, 72 million added every year
- 5. 5 Human Population Levels Throughout History ADD FIG. 4.2
- 7. 7 Part 2: Limits to Growth Varying Perspectives • Overpopulation causes resource depletion and environmental degradation • Human ingenuity and technology will allow us to overcome any problems - more people may be beneficial • Resources are sufficient to meet everyone's needs - shortages are the result of greed, waste, and oppression
- 8. 8 Decisions on how many children to have are influenced by many factors, including culture, religion, politics, need for old-age security, and immediate family finances.
- 9. 9 Part 3: Human Demography • Demography - vital statistics about people, such as births and deaths • Two demographic worlds • Less-developed counties represent 80% of the world population, but more than 90% of projected growth • Richer countries tend to have negative growth rates http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Third_World/TW_definition_description.html What a stupid term…click below for definition of "third", "second", and "first" worlds…
- 10. 10
- 11. 11 By 2050, India will probably be the world's most populous country. (297)
- 12. 12 Fertility and Birth Rates • Fecundity - physical ability to reproduce • Fertility - the actual production of offspring • Crude birth rate - number of births per year per thousand people • Total fertility rate - number of children born to an average woman during her reproductive life • Zero population growth (ZPG) - occurs when births + immigration just equal deaths + emigration
- 13. 13 Regional Declines in Total Fertility Rates
- 14. 14 China's one-child- per-family policy decreased the country's fertility rate from 6 to 1.8 in two decades. However, the policy is very controversial.
- 15. 15
- 16. 16 As incomes rise, so does life expectancy.
- 17. 17 Living Longer: Demographic Implications • A population growing by natural increase has more young people than does a stationary population. • Dependency ratio - the number of nonworking individuals compared to working individuals - declining in countries such as the U.S. and Japan • If current trends continue, by 2100 the median age in the U.S. will be 60.
- 18. 18
- 19. 19 Part 4: Population Growth - Opposing Factors Pronatalist pressures • Factors that increase people's desires to have children Birth reduction pressures • Factors that tend to reduce fertility
- 20. 20 U.S. Birth Rates: 1910-2001
- 21. 21 Part 5: Demographic Transition • Optimistic view - world population will stabilize during this century • Pessimistic view - poorer countries of the world are caught in a "demographic trap" - helping poor countries will only further threaten the earth's resources • Social justice view - overpopulation due to a lack of justice, not resources
- 22. 22 Demographic Transition Accompanying Economic and Social Development
- 23. 23 Fig. 4.13
- 24. 24 Infant Mortality and Women's Rights
- 25. 25 Part 7: The Future of Human Populations