Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It involves biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate and direct behavior. Motivation can be intrinsic, arising from within an individual due to interest or enjoyment, or extrinsic, originating from outside influences such as rewards or praise. Key components of motivation include activation, which leads to initiating behaviors, persistence in continuing behaviors despite obstacles, and intensity, referring to the effort or concentration with which goals are pursued.

12. I was first used in 1635
I am synonymous to “innate”,
“inborn”,
“inherent”.
I mean “originating within the body”

13. I was first used in 1613
I am synonymous to “Extraneous”,
I am not from inside but from
outside

14. I was first used in 1873
My antonym can be discouragement
My synonym can be instigation
I involve biological, emotional, social,
cognitive forces that activate behavior
I initiates, guides and maintains goal-
oriented behavior

16. Motivation
16
Rey-Mark G. Basagre

17. Motivation?

18. Motivation is defined as
the process that
initiates, guides, and
maintains goal-oriented
behaviors.
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-motivation-2795378

19. Motivation is
frequently used
to describe why a
person does
something.
19

20. Motivation is the "why"
behind human actions.
Motivation doesn't just
refer to the factors that
activate behaviors; it also
involves the factors that
direct and maintain these
goal-directed actions.
20

21. Components
of Motivation
21

22. 22
> The three major components of
motivation are activation,
persistence, and intensity.

23. 23

24. 24
> Activation involves the decision to
initiate a behavior, such as enrolling
in a psychology class.

25. 25
> Persistence is the continued effort
toward a goal even though obstacles
may exist.

26. 26
> Intensity is the concentration and
vigor that goes into pursuing a goal.

27. What Exactly Lies
Behind The
Motivations For Why
We Act?

28. 28
> Instincts: The instinct theory of motivation
suggests that behaviors are motivated by
instincts, which are fixed and inborn patterns of
behavior.
> Such instincts might include biological instincts that are
important for an organism's survival such as fear,
cleanliness, and love.

29. 29
> Drives and Needs: Many of your behaviors such
as eating, drinking, and sleeping are motivated
by biology. You have a biological need for food,
water, and sleep. Therefore, you are motivated to
eat, drink, and sleep.
> Drive theory suggests that people have basic biological
drives and that behaviors are motivated by the need to
fulfill these drives.

30. 30
> Arousal Levels: The arousal theory of motivation
suggests that people are motivated to engage in
behaviors that help them maintain their optimal
level of arousal.
> A person with low arousal needs might pursue relaxing
activities such as reading a book, while those with high
arousal needs might be motivated to engage in exciting,
thrill-seeking behaviors, such as motorcycle racing.

31. 31
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic
Motivation

32. > Intrinsic motivations are
those that arise from
within the individual, such
as doing a complicated
crossword puzzle purely
for the personal
gratification of solving a
problem.
> Extrinsic motivations are
those that arise from
outside of the individual
and often involve
rewards such as trophies,
money, social
recognition, or praise.
32

33. Intrinsic Motivation
> "Intrinsic motivation occurs when we act without any obvious
external rewards. We simply enjoy an activity or see it as an
opportunity to explore, learn, and actualize our potentials."
> If you are reading Physics Book because you have an interest
in Physics and simply want to know more how to derive
physics equation, then you are acting based upon intrinsic
motivation.
> If, however, you are reading because you have to learn the
information for a class and avoid getting a bad grade, then
you are acting based upon extrinsic motivation.
33

34. Intrinsic Motivation
> "Intrinsic motivation occurs when we act without any obvious
external rewards. We simply enjoy an activity or see it as an
opportunity to explore, learn, and actualize our potentials."
> If you are reading Physics Book because you have an interest
in Physics and simply want to know more how to derive
physics equation, then you are acting based upon intrinsic
motivation.
> If, however, you are reading because you have to learn the
information for a class and avoid getting a bad grade, then
you are acting based upon extrinsic motivation.
34

35. 35
The factors they identify as increasing intrinsic motivation include:
> Challenge: People are more motivated when they pursue goals with
personal meaning and when attaining the goal is possible but not
necessarily certain. These goals may also relate to their self-
esteem when performance feedback is available.
> Curiosity: Internal motivation is increased when something in the
physical environment grabs the individual's attention (sensory
curiosity). It also occurs when something about the activity
stimulates the person to want to learn more (cognitive curiosity)..

36. 36
> Control: People want control over themselves and their
environments and want to determine what they pursue.
> Cooperation and competition: Intrinsic motivation can be increased
in situations where people gain satisfaction from helping others. It
also applies to cases where they are able to compare their own
performance favorably to that of others.
> Recognition: People enjoy having their accomplishment recognized
by others, which can increase internal motivation.

37. 37

38. 38
> Studying the material to gain external reinforcement
(getting a good grade), means that your behavior is
extrinsically motivated.
> People who are extrinsically motivated will continue to
perform an action even though the task might not be in and
of itself rewarding.

39. 39
> A person who works in a manufacturing position, for
example, might perform a number of routine tasks that are
not enjoyable. Because this person is receiving an extrinsic
reward (a paycheck) for completing these tasks, he or she
will feel motivated to perform them.

40. 40
Extrinsic Motivation Can Involve Tangible or Psychological Rewards
A child might clean her room in order to receive positive praise from
her parents. An actor might perform in a role in order to obtain
attention and acclaim from his audience. In both of these examples,
while the reward is not physical or tangible, it is a type of motivating
reward that is external to the actual process of participating in the
event.

41. 41
Extrinsic Motivation Can Sometimes Backfire
> While offering rewards can increase motivation in some cases,
researchers have also found that this is not always the case. In
fact, offering excessive rewards can actually lead to
a decrease in intrinsic Motivation.
> The tendency of extrinsic motivation to interfere with
intrinsic motivation is known as the overjustification effect.
This involves a decrease in intrinsically motivated behaviors
after the behavior is extrinsically rewarded and the
reinforcement is subsequently discontinued.

42. 42
Any additional information,
and/or clarification?

43. 43
Thanks you!

44. SlidesCarnival icons are editable
shapes.
This means that you can:
> Resize them without
losing quality.
> Change fill color and
opacity.
> Change line color, width
and style.
Isn’t that nice? :)
Examples: