This document provides an overview of how human activity shapes Earth's surface through three main points: 1. Humans modify their physical environment through infrastructure like dams, oil rigs, cities, and mining which can disrupt ecosystems but also power communities. 2. To effectively live, humans establish economic systems like capitalism, socialism, and communism as well as governments ranging from democracy to dictatorship. 3. All people are connected globally through transportation, trade, communication, and migration which link communities across borders.

1. Unit 3 – Human Activity Shapes
Earth’s Surface

2. Class Motto:
Knowledge is Power!

3. • Two types of Geography:
- Physical & Human (vocab.)
Crater Lake, OR (deepest lake in the U.S.)

4. • Physical Environment (vocab.) – the external, tangible
surroundings.

5. • Adaption (vocab.) – the process by which living things become better
suited to it’s habitat (physical environment).
- It is all about survival!!!
Global Warming
Alaska The Middle East

6. • Local vs. Global
- What is the difference?

7. • Local (vocab.) - refers to one’s immediate surroundings.
GPJH

8. • Global (syn. International) (vocab.) - refers to the whole world;
worldwide.
What is the most infamous company/corporation in the
world?

10. What a strange picture!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2LBICPEK6w
Which one is global and which one is local?

11. Can local businesses
compete?

12. • Urban vs. Rural (vocab.)

13. • Suburban (vocab.)

15. Indiana Chicago, IL
Tooele Co., UT (Skull
Valley)
?
Harlem, NY
SF,
CA
?
Seattle, WA
urban, suburban or rural?

16. • By what natural resource do most people live?
- Do ecosystems/biomes play a role as well?

17. - Water
What is the percentage of all people who live near water?

18. • 80% of all people (globally) live near
water.

19. Hemispheres?
Ecosystems?

20. • Why do people need to live near water sources?
1. Survival (subsistence)
a. Consumption (drinking water)

21. b. Agriculture - farming

22. 2. Transportation
a. rivers/canals
b. seas & oceans
Suez Canal, Egypt
Mississippi River
Venice, Italy
San Francisco Bay, CA

23. • Every type of environment has advantages and
disadvantages.

24. 1. Natural Resources
Oil
Coal
Copper
Wind
Lumber
Diamonds
• Advantages

25. Example: water
– the ocean, lakes, rivers, etc.

26. 2. Climate
San Diego, CA
“The Del,”
Coronado
Island, San
Diego, CA

27. lettuce
grapes
olives
Example: Central
Valley, CA
(agriculture)

29. (one of the best natural harbors in
the world)
3. Landforms
• Example: Elliott Bay – Seattle, WA

30. San Francisco Bay, CA
Great for shipping/trade

31. Port of Oakland – San Francisco Bay

32. - Disadvantages
1. Few natural resources
Example: little or no water
Monument Valley, Utah

33. 2. Climate
Example: Polar Regions (Antarctica)
Antarctica is the coldest of all the continents.
What type of ecosystem is this?

34. 3. Isolated location
(China)Example:

36. - Is Salt Lake City, UT isolated?

37. To a certain extent . . . yes.
The reason for this is
because of the mountains. . .
especially, back in the day
before the railroad.
SLC
CA
NV
OR
WA
ID
MT
WY
AZ
CO
NM
UT
Western United States Region

38. • 4. Natural Disasters – earthquake, tornado,
flood, etc.
(environment acting upon humans)
Earthquake in China
drought in Africa
flood in USA
hurricane in Gulf of Mexico

39. Mississippi River (2012)
The river was at a very low level
due to a very long period of dry
weather. What is that type of
weather phenomenon called?

40. Santiago, Chile (2010)
Iran (2012)

41. Tsunami in Japan (2011)

42. tornado in Alabama (2011)

43. aftermath of tornados in Alabama (2011)

44. wildfires in Colorado Springs, CO (2012)

45. What states have the most natural
disasters?

46. U.S.
Most Natural Disasters:
1.Texas
2.California
3.Oklahoma
Hurricane Ike – Texas (2008)

47. CA
TX
OK
Most What states have the least?

48. U.S.
Least Natural Disasters:
1.Rhode Island
2.Wyoming
3.Utah
Grand Tetons - WY

49. UT
WY
RI
Least

50. SLC - 1983
Despite the fact that Utah has
had few natural disasters,
there are a couple of note.

56. SLC - 1999

60. • Humans modify (change) their environment . . . how?
surface mining, WY

61. 1. dams
2. oil rigs
3. smokestacks
4. cities
5. mining, etc.
Seattle, WA Gulf of Mexico

62. Specific Examples -
1. A dam generates energy, however, it can, also,
disrupt the whole ecosystem up and downstream.
Hoover Dam –
Arizona & Nevada
Lake Mead

63. - Dams can, also, break and
cause mass destruction.
Teton Dam, Idaho (1976)

64. Rexburg, ID (1976)

65. 2. The oil leak in the Gulf of Mexico did serious
environmental damage.

69. Yes, that is oil in somebody’s backyard after the gulf spill.

71. 3. A smokestack can pollute air miles away.

72. Los Angeles, CA

73. Weathering/erosion caused by
Acid Rain
Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide

74. 4. Pollution in a river upstream will effect the ecosystem and usage downstream.
?
?
Ganges
Ganges
Ganges River, India Ganges River, India
Buriganga River, Bangladesh

75. Ganges River, India

76. Citarum River, Indonesia

77. Cuyahoga River, Cleveland, Ohio

78. U.S. Steel dumping pollution into the
Cuyahoga River (1965)

79. The river, actually, caught on fire several
times throughout the 20th
century.

80. KIP

81. • To more effectively live, humans have set up
economic systems and governments.

82. • Economic Systems (vocab.)
– theories of:
a. production (making)
b. distribution (shipping, buying & selling)
c. consumption (using)
Starburst activity

83. Production, distribution or consumption?

84. 1. Capitalism (a.k.a.Free Market system) (vocab.)
a. private ownership of property and/or businesses
b. no gov’t regulation (rules)
c. encourages competition
d. class system.
Adam Smith

85. This
company

86. • Class System (vocab.)
- Upper (elites)
- Middle (bourgeoisie)
- Lower/workers
lower/working middle
upper/elites

87. 2. Socialism (vocab.) – A theory advocating some gov’t control (regulation) of economic
activity.

90. 3. Communism (vocab.) – “higher stage” of socialism
a. Total gov’t ownership of property and businesses
b. Pro-worker (proletariat)
c. Classless system (everyone is equal)
- What is the color of communism?

91. - The color of communism - red

92. Origin of Communism - Karl Marx
(German philosopher)
Published in 1848

94. • What type of economic system does the U.S. have?

95. • The U.S.A., technically, has a Mixed Economy (socialism) . . . capitalist (free market) economy with some
government regulation .

96. • Where is the U.S. on the capitalist/communist continuum? What about Canada? 1 to 10
CommunismCapitalism
Socialism
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

97. • Despite the technicalities, most people call our
economic system . . . CAPITALISM!!!

98. • Does capitalism work?

99. Donald Trump – 2.9
billion
#2 (richest in
the world) Bill
Gates – 61
billion #3 Warren Buffet
– 44 billion
For some . . .
capitalism is great!
Paris Hilton

100. Oprah Winfrey is
worth 2.7 billion
Who is the richest
person in the
world?

101. Carlos Slim (Mexico) - #1 richest
person in the world @ 70 billion

102. Capitalism fosters greed

104. For others . . . not so much

106. Republicans
republicans
Capitalism vs. Communism
and/or Socialism
. . . you be the judge.
Again, what type of system does the U.S. have?

107. Occupy Wall Street movement (2011)
which protested against greed,
corruption, economic inequality, etc.

109. • Capitalists use propaganda to demonize communism and socialism.
“Communism” and “Socialism”
are considered dirty words to
many people in the United
States.

110. juxtaposition

115. • Political Systems – a system of government; a form
of rule over people.
- What are some different forms of government?

116. 1. Democracy (vocab.) – Government by the people.
Two types:
a. Direct Democracy
1. Everyone participates and has a
say in gov’t.

117. b. Republic (vocab.) – Gov’t system in which the people elect leaders to
represent them. a.k.a. representative democracy. Example: USA

118. • Difference between (direct) democracy and republic. Students will draw
(Direct)

119. 2. Autocracy – government in which one person has
unlimited power over others.
- Two types:
a. Totalitarian dictatorship
Pol Pot - Cambodia
Augusto Pinochet - Chile
Bashar al-Assad - Syria Saddam Hussein - Iraq
All are infamous
and, generally,
narcissistic.

120. Muammar Gaddafi - Libya
Idi Amin - Uganda
Rafael Trujillo –
Dominican Republic
The state/country
is in control of
everything

121. Also comes with a ridiculous fashion sense.

122. • Regime (vocab.) – authoritarian/dictatorship and/or corrupt government

123. b. Monarchy (vocab.) – Government rule by king or queen.
Two types:

124. 1. Absolute Monarchy – all powerful
Ex. Saudi Arabia
King Abdullah

125. 2. Constitutional or Limited Monarchy – l
little or no power
“I just came out to say,
POWER TO THE PEOPLE.”

126. • Is Queen Elizabeth II, of the United Kingdom, an absolute monarch?

127. • NO!!! She is a constitutional or limited monarch.

128. 3. Oligarchy – Government rule by a group of people.

129. Example: Communist State (country) – single-party (communist) rule
which professes allegiance to Marxist-Leninist communist ideology; led by a dictator; indoctrination.
North Korea
Karl Marx Vladimir Lenin
Communism is thought of as both
an economic system and a gov’t
system.

130. - Current Communist States (countries) – Cuba,
China, Laos, Vietnam & North Korea
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere

131. 4. Theocracy (vocab.) – gov’t rule by a religion. Ex. – Iran
(Islam)
Ayatollah
(Supreme
Leader) in
Iran
President
Based on Sharia Law

133. Iranian fashion police

134. Showing hair is a
form protest.
Women’s rights protest in Tehran, Iran. The theocratic gov’t took it very seriously.

135. “Women should have
the same rights as men.”
Farsi/Persian

136. 5. Fascism (vocab.) – led by a dictator; emphasizes ancestry, culture and blood;
emphasis of nation (nationalism) over the individual; indoctrination; forcibly suppresses any opposition.
Examples: Germany, Italy & Spain in the 1930’s & ’40s
Francisco Franco (Spain)Hitler and
Mussolini (Italy)
As mentioned before, dictators are,
generally, infamous and very
narcissistic.

137. 6. Plutocracy – the rule or control of a society by the wealthy.

139. 7. Anarchy (vocab.) – no government
Nester Makhno (1918) – leader of the
Anarchist Free Territory in Ukraine
during the Russian Civil War.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
(French) – father of modern
Anarchism
Mikhail Bakunin (Russian)

140. What would life be like
without gov’t?
Think about it.

141. You would have to deal with people like this.

142. • What is the role of government?

143. - To serve and protect (we hope)

144. • We are all linked (connected) together . . . how?

145. 1. Transportation
a. Waterways
b. Roads
c. Air
d. rail

147. 2. Economics

148. • - Currency (paper money)
1. Example: euro

149. - Distribution . . . Trade

150. • What percent (%) of trade travels by water?

151. - 90%
- Top five trading partners (countries/states) with the U.S.?
Long Beach, CA port

152. 1. Canada 2. China 3. Mexico 4. Japan 5. Germany
- Examples of major trade networks.

154. Major trade networks - Oil

156. • Tariff (vocab.) – a tax on imports & exports . . . why tariffs?

157. • Tariffs protect locally made products.

158. 3. Communication
a. Language
1. Internet
2. Telephones
3. Mail
4. T.V./Radio

159. Hemisphere & “World”?????

160. KIP

161. 4. Migration (vocab.) – movement from one place to another.
World migration since 1700
Hemispheres?