Social and Personality Development

1. Social and Personality
Development

2. Definitions
Personality – Term used to describe patterns in
the way children and adults to people and
objects in the world around them.
Psychoanalytic Perspectives – Theories of
human development.
Self Concept – The individual belief about
himself or herself.

3. Psychoanalytic
Perspectives in
InfancyFreud
Oral stage, from birth
to age 2, infants derive
satisfaction through the
mouth. Freud believed
that the weaning
process should not be
frustrated nor
overgratified.
Consequences on
either could lead to nail
biting and swearing.
Erikson
Erickson believed that
nursing and weaning
are important but that
they are only one
aspect of the overall
social environment. He
believed that talking
and comforting him are
just as important. Trust
vs. mistrust.

4. Psychoanalytic
Perspectives in
Early Childhood
Freud
Anal Stage
Sense of independence.
Toilet training is important
focus of independence.
Inappropriate response to
toilet training can lead to
negative results in the
future.
Erickson
Autonomy versus shame
and doubt.
New physical skills lead to
demand for more choices.
Child learns self care

5. Self Concept For Infancy
and
Early Childhood
Subjective Self – An infants ability to
know that he or she are different from other
people. They are also aware that they can act
on the environment.
Canadian Researchers show that children have
the ability to differentiate objects before object
permanence occurs. They are also able to
differentiate images of themselves and other
infants.

6. Psychoanalytic
Perspectives in
Middle Childhood
Freud
Latency stage
The libido interests are
suppressed.
The development of
ego and superego to
the period.
Time of exploration.
Erickson
Intimacy versus inferiority
Competence
Cultural skills and norms
including school skills,
failure to master these
leads to sense of
inferiority.

7. Self Concept in Middle
Childhood
Psychological self
Knowing ones
enduring psychological
characteristics.
Basic information
about unique
characteristics and self
judgments of
competency.
Valued self
Self esteem
May understand ones
own personal traits and
Self efficacy but fail to
see his or her value

8. Psychoanalytic
Perspectives in
adolescence
Freud
Genital Stage
Maturing Sexual
Interests
Individual develops a
strong sexual interest
in the opposite sex.
Erickson
Identity versus role
confusion
Unified and consistent
sense of self that
integrates pubertal
changes to into a
mature sexual identity.
Establishes personal
values

9. Self Concept of
Adolescence
and Early Adulthood
Self Esteem: Physical appearance, relationships
with people around them, school lifestyle,
achievements and experiences and events.
Gender Roles: masculine, feminine,
androgynous and undifferentiated.
Ethnic Identity: a sense of belonging to an ethnic
group.

10. Perspectives in
Early Adulthood
Erickson’s intimacy versus
IsolationIntimacy
-Love
- Person develops intimate
relationships beyond
adolescent love
- Parenthood
Isolation
Those with a poor
sense of self tend to
have less committed
relationships and are
more likely to suffer
emotional isolation,
loneliness, and
depression.

11. Psychoanalytic Perspectives in
middle adulthood
Erickson’s Generativity versus
Stagnation
Parenthood and work
Strive to create or nurture things that will outlast
them, children or positive changes in the
community.
Doing things that will benefit generations to come
Generativation is make a change or mark your
mark on the world and Stagnation meaning
failure to contribute.

12. Continuity and Change in
personality in Middle
adulthood
Conscientiousness: need for order in
environment
Agreeableness: ease with which a person gets
along with others
Neuroticism: emotional negativity, pessimism and
irritable
Openness: willingness to try new things
Extraversion: sociability

13. Psychoanalytic Perspectives in
Late Adulthood
Erickson’s Integrity versus
Despair
Integrity
Pride in
accomplishments
Looking back at life
with few regrets
Feel satisfied
Despair
Experience feelings of
regret
Wasted time

14. Individual Differences in
Late
Adulthood
Successful Aging: maintaining one’s physical
health, mental abilities, social competence and
overall satisfaction with one’s life.
Individual differences are related to overall
quality of life and longevity.

15. Interest in topic
The reason I chose this topic was to learn more
about what I eventually want to do. I am
interested in psychology as a whole, but I hope
to become a research psychologist in the future. I
want to focus on personality disorders which is
why learning about how our personalities are
developed was intriguing.

16. References
Boyd, D. (2015). Lifespan Development (Vol. 5th). Toronto:
Pearson.
Cherry, K. (2012, January 15). Freud's Stages of
Psychosexual Development. Retrieved January 15, 2015,
from About Education:
http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/ps
ychosexualdev.htm#step6
Meyer, J. (2002, january 15). Five advances in how
Psychologists see personality. Retrieved january 15, 2015,
from Psychology today:
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-personality-
analyst/201404/five-advances-in-how-psychologists-view-
personality