Report on chapter 5.

1. Chapter 5 :
Social And Emotional Development Of
Children And Adolescent

2. Theories Of Socio-emotional Development
◙ Theories related to the way children grow and
mature have influenced greatly the scientific
approach to child development.
◙ They facilitate the organization and
integration of whatever information there is
into a more interesting, understandable and
coherent account of how children develop.
◙ The theories bring about testable predictions
and inferences about children’s behavior.

3. Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Of Human
Development
◙ Erikson considered development as resulting
from the interaction between internal drives
and cultural demands.
◙ His theory is about psychosocial stages and
not psychosexual ones.
◙ According to Erikson development is a
continuous process encompassing the entire life
span.

4. ◙ Erikson views achievement of a healthy
personality through successful resolution of a
crisis at each of the eight stages of development
where each crisis consists of a pain of opposing
possibilities.
◙ He acknowledged the major role the caregiver
plays in the most critical stage of development.
◙ His description of the central adolescent
dilemma has particularly influential.
◙ He defined intimacy as the ability to fuse one’s
identity with someone else’s without fear of losing
something.

5. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
PERIOD STAGES Characteristics Gained
Positive And Typical
Activities
Birth to 1 year old Trust versus Mistrust HOPE : trust in primary caregiver
and in one’s own ability to make
things happen.
1 to 3 Autonomy versus Shame
and Doubt
WILL : new physical skills lead
to demand for more choices,
most often seen as saying “no” to
caregivers, child learns self-care
skills such as toileting.
3 to 6 Initiative versus Guilt PURPOSE : ability to organize
activities around some goals;
more assertiveness and
aggressiveness.
6 to 12 Industry versus
Inferiority
COMPETENCE : cultural skills
and norms including school
skills and tools use.

6. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
PERIOD STAGES Positive Characteristics
Gained And Typical
Activities
12 to 18 Identity versus Role
confusion
FIDELITY : adaptation of sense of self
to pubertal changes, consideration of
future choices, achievement of a more
mature sexual identity and search for
new values.
18 to 30 Intimacy versus Isolation LOVE : person develops intimate
relationships beyond adolescent love,
many become parents
30 to old age Generativity versus
Stagnation
CARE : people rear children, focus on
occupational achievement or
creativity, and train the next
generation; turn outward from the self
towards others
Old age Integrity versus Despair WISDOM : person conducts a life
review, integrates earlier stages and
comes to terms with basic identity;
develops self-acceptance