The document summarizes key points from the 2013 Human Development Report, including the rise of developing nations in driving global economic growth and lifting hundreds of millions out of poverty. It notes that China and India doubled per capita economic output in under 20 years. The report shows rapid human development and progress across the globe, especially in low HDI countries. Turkey is highlighted for its favorable economic conditions supporting job growth and strengthening social programs. Turkey's HDI value is 0.722, ranking it 90th globally and showing increases in life expectancy, education, and income. Inequality and gender inequality indices for Turkey are also presented.
Youth unemployment and underemployment remain disproportionately high globally despite economic growth. Over the next decade, 1.2 billion young people will enter the global labor market, requiring efficient policies to tackle structural unemployment and create opportunities. Education is critical to developing a skilled workforce for interconnected economies, but new strategies are needed to prepare youth for future challenges through education and training. The document discusses dimensions of the issue including education, youth unemployment, gender differences, urban migration, and international migration.
This document discusses monitoring progress on decent work and sustainable development goals. It notes challenges in monitoring include limited data availability, need for disaggregation, and political barriers. Specifically for Goal 8 on decent work, 17 indicators have been agreed but data availability is limited, especially in developing countries. Studies discussed show agricultural productivity and industrialization are important for broad-based development. Monitoring will require qualitative assessments where data is lacking. Finland and others must consider balancing investments in better data versus programs improving decent work.
The document discusses gender inequality and its impact on economies over time. It notes that in 1968, Romania instituted policies prohibiting contraceptives and abortion and promoting large families. This led to overpopulation without sufficient jobs or resources. By 1989, there were millions of children in orphanages and high poverty rates. In contrast, by 2011, countries that allowed birth control had lower unemployment rates, more land and resources per person, and stronger economies compared to Romania in 1968 prior to instituting birth control policies. The document argues that guaranteeing reproductive rights and gender equality leads to stronger and more productive economies.
Putting Women at the Centre of the Post 2015 Economic Transformation AgendaDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses the importance of women's economic empowerment for achieving inclusive economic transformation in a post-2015 development framework. It argues that a new framework must tackle gender inequality and structural barriers that undermine women's full and equal participation in the economy. These barriers include unequal responsibility for unpaid care work, lack of access to decent work and financial resources, and violence against women. The document advocates for a post-2015 goal on gender equality that addresses these issues and recognizes women's economic rights and contributions.
Human Development Report 2010 and TurkeyUNDP Türkiye
The document summarizes key points from the 2010 United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report. It discusses how the human development concept has evolved over 20 years to focus on expanding people's freedoms. It analyzes Turkey's progress in human development indicators like life expectancy, education, and income over the past 30 years. While Turkey has made gains, it still lags behind many European countries. New indices in the report find Turkey loses 24% of its human development due to inequality and that multidimensional poverty is higher than income poverty alone. The report calls for Turkey to focus on health and education to further increase human development.
The document discusses inclusive growth and how emerging markets can achieve it. Inclusive growth means providing more people with income and job opportunities so the benefits of economic growth are broadly shared. It can create sustained poverty reduction and a growing middle class. Emerging markets are encouraged to promote access to economic opportunities, education, health, gender equality, financial inclusion, basic utilities, better governance, and employment-intensive investment to ignite inclusive growth and set the course for a more sustainable future. The MasterCard Center for Inclusive Growth Index evaluates 60 emerging markets across 15 indicators related to inclusive growth and ranks the top 10 performers.
Youth unemployment and underemployment remain disproportionately high globally despite economic growth. Over the next decade, 1.2 billion young people will enter the global labor market, requiring efficient policies to tackle structural unemployment and create opportunities. Education is critical to developing a skilled workforce for interconnected economies, but new strategies are needed to prepare youth for future challenges through education and training. The document discusses dimensions of the issue including education, youth unemployment, gender differences, urban migration, and international migration.
This document discusses monitoring progress on decent work and sustainable development goals. It notes challenges in monitoring include limited data availability, need for disaggregation, and political barriers. Specifically for Goal 8 on decent work, 17 indicators have been agreed but data availability is limited, especially in developing countries. Studies discussed show agricultural productivity and industrialization are important for broad-based development. Monitoring will require qualitative assessments where data is lacking. Finland and others must consider balancing investments in better data versus programs improving decent work.
The document discusses gender inequality and its impact on economies over time. It notes that in 1968, Romania instituted policies prohibiting contraceptives and abortion and promoting large families. This led to overpopulation without sufficient jobs or resources. By 1989, there were millions of children in orphanages and high poverty rates. In contrast, by 2011, countries that allowed birth control had lower unemployment rates, more land and resources per person, and stronger economies compared to Romania in 1968 prior to instituting birth control policies. The document argues that guaranteeing reproductive rights and gender equality leads to stronger and more productive economies.
Putting Women at the Centre of the Post 2015 Economic Transformation AgendaDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses the importance of women's economic empowerment for achieving inclusive economic transformation in a post-2015 development framework. It argues that a new framework must tackle gender inequality and structural barriers that undermine women's full and equal participation in the economy. These barriers include unequal responsibility for unpaid care work, lack of access to decent work and financial resources, and violence against women. The document advocates for a post-2015 goal on gender equality that addresses these issues and recognizes women's economic rights and contributions.
Human Development Report 2010 and TurkeyUNDP Türkiye
The document summarizes key points from the 2010 United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report. It discusses how the human development concept has evolved over 20 years to focus on expanding people's freedoms. It analyzes Turkey's progress in human development indicators like life expectancy, education, and income over the past 30 years. While Turkey has made gains, it still lags behind many European countries. New indices in the report find Turkey loses 24% of its human development due to inequality and that multidimensional poverty is higher than income poverty alone. The report calls for Turkey to focus on health and education to further increase human development.
The document discusses inclusive growth and how emerging markets can achieve it. Inclusive growth means providing more people with income and job opportunities so the benefits of economic growth are broadly shared. It can create sustained poverty reduction and a growing middle class. Emerging markets are encouraged to promote access to economic opportunities, education, health, gender equality, financial inclusion, basic utilities, better governance, and employment-intensive investment to ignite inclusive growth and set the course for a more sustainable future. The MasterCard Center for Inclusive Growth Index evaluates 60 emerging markets across 15 indicators related to inclusive growth and ranks the top 10 performers.
Inclusive development considers whether development progress is sufficiently widespread for the majority of a population to benefit
The World Bank has a particular focus on the economic capabilities, freedoms and resilience of the bottom 40 per cent of the World’s population and the relatively poor in individual countries.
Per capita incomes can rise but simultaneously there can also be an increase in the scale of relative poverty
The inter-generational nature of development progress also needs to be considered – i.e. creating an environment fit for future generations.
One of the defining debates in development economics is the extent to which state intervention enables inclusive growth or whether a dynamic private sector offers greater potential for lifting development progress.
GIVE THE FARMERS THEIR DUE AND ENSURE SUSTAINED GROWTH AND FOOD FOR ALLDr. Raju M. Mathew
For ensuring sustained growth and food for all, the only effective strategy is to give the due income and social status to the small, medium and marginal farmers and farm workers and reduce inter-sector imbalances.
The document discusses inequality in Pakistan across multiple dimensions such as income, assets, access to services, education and gender. It notes that the richest 18 million people in Pakistan consume 1.5 times as much as the poorest 72 million. Inequality traps exist that prevent upward mobility, with only 9% of those born to the bottom income quintile making it to the top quintile as adults, while 52% of those born rich remain rich. Reducing inequality will require policy reforms like improving tax collection, increasing public services spending, enforcing minimum wage and undertaking land reforms. However, tackling inequality in all its forms will be an ongoing challenge.
The document is a summary of the 2014 UN Human Development Report. It discusses increasing vulnerabilities globally from factors such as overlapping deprivations affecting over 2.2 billion people, lack of social protections, and precarious employment. It emphasizes building resilience through universal basic social services, social inclusion, responsive institutions, full employment, and social protection systems. Achieving inclusive, resilient, and sustainable human progress requires collective action at both the national and global levels.
This document summarizes a lecture on women's participation in the labor market. It discusses women's roles in different economic ages from agro-economy to knowledge economy. It provides an overview of women in the labor market globally and characteristics like predominantly unpaid work and part-time work. It then focuses on women in the labor market in Asia, South Asia, and Nepal specifically. It outlines trends in different sectors like agriculture, industry and services. It also discusses the large rates of women in vulnerable employment and informal work. Overall, the lecture analyzes patterns of women's participation in the labor market across economic contexts and regions.
This document discusses various indicators used to measure economic development. It describes two main categories of indicators - income-based and quality-based. Among the most important indicators are per capita income, the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), and the Human Development Index (HDI). The PQLI uses measures of life expectancy, infant mortality, and literacy to evaluate quality of life. The HDI takes a broader approach by considering factors like health, education, and standard of living. While useful, all indicators have limitations. The HDI is now widely used internationally to provide a more comprehensive view of development.
IED's Hyun Son was invited to deliver a lecture on inclusive growth at the Stephen Zuelling Graduate School of the Asian Institute of Management. Her lecture dealt with issues on measurement and operationalization of inclusive growth for Asia and the Pacific. Dean moderated the lecture, which was attended by around 50 participants
East and Central Africa: The next 20-50 years:Key trends and challengesRUFORUM
This document provides an overview of key trends and challenges facing East and Central Africa over the next 20-50 years. It notes that while East Africa is often seen as a success story, it faces many of the same risks as Central Africa, such as socio-political tensions, food insecurity, and natural disasters. Specific trends discussed include the growth of information technology and mobile applications, rapid population growth and high youth unemployment, urbanization, governance challenges, and food security issues arising from events like Tanzania's 2011 food export ban. The document aims to start a discussion around how to ensure sustainable agricultural development across the regions.
This document presents information on GDP and the Physical Quality of Life Index as indicators of welfare. It discusses how GDP is used as a welfare indicator but fails to capture many important factors like wealth distribution, non-market transactions, non-monetary and black markets, the type of production, and sustainable growth. The Physical Quality of Life Index is then introduced as an alternate measure using literacy rates, infant mortality, and life expectancy, with the details on how it is calculated provided.
Small assignment I did to investigate Human Development Indicators of Pakistan V Srilanka V UAE and couple more.
All data is available from UNDP Website
There are several traditional and modern ways to measure a country's level of development. Traditionally, development was equated with economic growth and countries were classified based on their Gross National Product per capita. However, GNP has limitations and does not reflect differences in cost of living between countries. More modern measures include Purchasing Power Parity per capita, energy consumption, percentage of the workforce in different sectors, and quality of life indices like the Human Development Index which considers education, income, and health. Collecting accurate social and demographic data to measure development can be challenging for various reasons.
Presentation of website project that introduces the concept of Human Development Index, which includes an interactive visualization (choropleth and cartogram) and a table with sparklines (of some selected countries).
these slides are according to Pakistan HDI and covering the aspects and some important details of HDI.
Little bit description and introduction of HDI as well.
‘Nothing for Us Without Us’ - Towards an economic justice framework for Susta...UNDP Policy Centre
Presentation delivered by Masego Madzwamuse (OSISA) at the Rio+20 side event on the role of civil society and knowledge institutions in sustainable development: http://www.ipc-undp.org/PageNewSiteb.do?id=274&active=2
The Human Development Index is is a composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development that tracks progress in providing a long and healthy life, improved knowledge and a decent standard of living.
Around one-third of African Youth are unemployed and another one-third are vulnerably employed, mostly in the informal sector.
More than 400 million Africans are between the ages of 15 to 35 years.
This document provides information about the Human Development Index (HDI), including its basic dimensions of health, education, and income. It then presents statistics about Turkey's HDI values in these dimensions, as well as HDI trend data for Turkey and several other countries from 2000 to 2010. The document aims to explain what the HDI is and provide real-world examples of HDI statistics.
Economic and Social Indicators of DevelopmentRich Elle
This document discusses economic and social development and indicators. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Economic development aims to promote growth through improving factors like health, education and policies. Social development refers to societal changes and progress. The document outlines the physical, vital and mental stages of development that societies progress through. It also discusses definitions, theories, and measures of economic and social development.
Brending Gamification with the MarketPlace Of Americas Columbus OhioBrending Gamification
The document advertises professional wrestling events held every Sunday by the International Wrestling Alliance at an unspecified location. It promotes wrestling matches every Sunday along with special events like Ladies Night on Wednesdays and a promotional event held every Sunday with free admission the following Sunday.
Inclusive development considers whether development progress is sufficiently widespread for the majority of a population to benefit
The World Bank has a particular focus on the economic capabilities, freedoms and resilience of the bottom 40 per cent of the World’s population and the relatively poor in individual countries.
Per capita incomes can rise but simultaneously there can also be an increase in the scale of relative poverty
The inter-generational nature of development progress also needs to be considered – i.e. creating an environment fit for future generations.
One of the defining debates in development economics is the extent to which state intervention enables inclusive growth or whether a dynamic private sector offers greater potential for lifting development progress.
GIVE THE FARMERS THEIR DUE AND ENSURE SUSTAINED GROWTH AND FOOD FOR ALLDr. Raju M. Mathew
For ensuring sustained growth and food for all, the only effective strategy is to give the due income and social status to the small, medium and marginal farmers and farm workers and reduce inter-sector imbalances.
The document discusses inequality in Pakistan across multiple dimensions such as income, assets, access to services, education and gender. It notes that the richest 18 million people in Pakistan consume 1.5 times as much as the poorest 72 million. Inequality traps exist that prevent upward mobility, with only 9% of those born to the bottom income quintile making it to the top quintile as adults, while 52% of those born rich remain rich. Reducing inequality will require policy reforms like improving tax collection, increasing public services spending, enforcing minimum wage and undertaking land reforms. However, tackling inequality in all its forms will be an ongoing challenge.
The document is a summary of the 2014 UN Human Development Report. It discusses increasing vulnerabilities globally from factors such as overlapping deprivations affecting over 2.2 billion people, lack of social protections, and precarious employment. It emphasizes building resilience through universal basic social services, social inclusion, responsive institutions, full employment, and social protection systems. Achieving inclusive, resilient, and sustainable human progress requires collective action at both the national and global levels.
This document summarizes a lecture on women's participation in the labor market. It discusses women's roles in different economic ages from agro-economy to knowledge economy. It provides an overview of women in the labor market globally and characteristics like predominantly unpaid work and part-time work. It then focuses on women in the labor market in Asia, South Asia, and Nepal specifically. It outlines trends in different sectors like agriculture, industry and services. It also discusses the large rates of women in vulnerable employment and informal work. Overall, the lecture analyzes patterns of women's participation in the labor market across economic contexts and regions.
This document discusses various indicators used to measure economic development. It describes two main categories of indicators - income-based and quality-based. Among the most important indicators are per capita income, the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), and the Human Development Index (HDI). The PQLI uses measures of life expectancy, infant mortality, and literacy to evaluate quality of life. The HDI takes a broader approach by considering factors like health, education, and standard of living. While useful, all indicators have limitations. The HDI is now widely used internationally to provide a more comprehensive view of development.
IED's Hyun Son was invited to deliver a lecture on inclusive growth at the Stephen Zuelling Graduate School of the Asian Institute of Management. Her lecture dealt with issues on measurement and operationalization of inclusive growth for Asia and the Pacific. Dean moderated the lecture, which was attended by around 50 participants
East and Central Africa: The next 20-50 years:Key trends and challengesRUFORUM
This document provides an overview of key trends and challenges facing East and Central Africa over the next 20-50 years. It notes that while East Africa is often seen as a success story, it faces many of the same risks as Central Africa, such as socio-political tensions, food insecurity, and natural disasters. Specific trends discussed include the growth of information technology and mobile applications, rapid population growth and high youth unemployment, urbanization, governance challenges, and food security issues arising from events like Tanzania's 2011 food export ban. The document aims to start a discussion around how to ensure sustainable agricultural development across the regions.
This document presents information on GDP and the Physical Quality of Life Index as indicators of welfare. It discusses how GDP is used as a welfare indicator but fails to capture many important factors like wealth distribution, non-market transactions, non-monetary and black markets, the type of production, and sustainable growth. The Physical Quality of Life Index is then introduced as an alternate measure using literacy rates, infant mortality, and life expectancy, with the details on how it is calculated provided.
Small assignment I did to investigate Human Development Indicators of Pakistan V Srilanka V UAE and couple more.
All data is available from UNDP Website
There are several traditional and modern ways to measure a country's level of development. Traditionally, development was equated with economic growth and countries were classified based on their Gross National Product per capita. However, GNP has limitations and does not reflect differences in cost of living between countries. More modern measures include Purchasing Power Parity per capita, energy consumption, percentage of the workforce in different sectors, and quality of life indices like the Human Development Index which considers education, income, and health. Collecting accurate social and demographic data to measure development can be challenging for various reasons.
Presentation of website project that introduces the concept of Human Development Index, which includes an interactive visualization (choropleth and cartogram) and a table with sparklines (of some selected countries).
these slides are according to Pakistan HDI and covering the aspects and some important details of HDI.
Little bit description and introduction of HDI as well.
‘Nothing for Us Without Us’ - Towards an economic justice framework for Susta...UNDP Policy Centre
Presentation delivered by Masego Madzwamuse (OSISA) at the Rio+20 side event on the role of civil society and knowledge institutions in sustainable development: http://www.ipc-undp.org/PageNewSiteb.do?id=274&active=2
The Human Development Index is is a composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development that tracks progress in providing a long and healthy life, improved knowledge and a decent standard of living.
Around one-third of African Youth are unemployed and another one-third are vulnerably employed, mostly in the informal sector.
More than 400 million Africans are between the ages of 15 to 35 years.
This document provides information about the Human Development Index (HDI), including its basic dimensions of health, education, and income. It then presents statistics about Turkey's HDI values in these dimensions, as well as HDI trend data for Turkey and several other countries from 2000 to 2010. The document aims to explain what the HDI is and provide real-world examples of HDI statistics.
Economic and Social Indicators of DevelopmentRich Elle
This document discusses economic and social development and indicators. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Economic development aims to promote growth through improving factors like health, education and policies. Social development refers to societal changes and progress. The document outlines the physical, vital and mental stages of development that societies progress through. It also discusses definitions, theories, and measures of economic and social development.
Brending Gamification with the MarketPlace Of Americas Columbus OhioBrending Gamification
The document advertises professional wrestling events held every Sunday by the International Wrestling Alliance at an unspecified location. It promotes wrestling matches every Sunday along with special events like Ladies Night on Wednesdays and a promotional event held every Sunday with free admission the following Sunday.
Towards Post-2015 Development Agenda: What Future Do You Want?UNDP Türkiye
The document outlines the goals and targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It lists the 8 overarching goals of the MDGs, including eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality, reducing child and maternal mortality, combating diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability, and developing a global partnership for development. Under each goal are specific targets to be achieved by 2015 or other set dates. The document also provides data on Turkey's and global progress toward meeting the MDG targets.
The document provides guidelines for creating effective websites for organizations, recommending that websites have a clear purpose, be user-friendly, media-friendly, include news/blog functions, create brand clarity, leverage social media, and be responsive. Websites should have an immediately apparent main purpose, focus on visually appealing and quality content, and be easy to navigate and contact the organization. They should also make documents and media accessible, include dynamic news and storytelling content, consistently brand the organization while leveraging social networking, and be compatible with multiple devices.
AS Macro: Introduction to Economic Developmenttutor2u
This document provides an introduction to economic development. It defines economic development as improving human freedoms and reducing poverty, inequality, and unemployment. The key goals of economic development are outlined in the Millennium Development Goals and are measured by indicators such as the Human Development Index which considers education, life expectancy, and income. However, the HDI has limitations as it does not account for other important factors like political freedoms, income distribution, or qualitative changes over time. Common characteristics of lower income countries are also presented such as lower productivity and incomes as well as higher inequality, which can lead to social and economic costs if left unaddressed.
Addressing unemployment Through Entrepreneurshipwellingtonoboh
A sneak peak at the unemployment index in three developing countries and emerging democracies; with entrepreneurship as a sustainable way to boost the economy and create jobs.
Presentation by Caitlin Wiesen-Antin of UNDP on “Rise of the South: Perspecti...United Nations ESCAP
Presentation by Ms. Caitlin Wiesen-Antin, Regional Manager, Asia-Pacific Regional Centre, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)during UN Day 2013 Seminar “Rise of the South: Perspectives from Asia and the Pacific”.
Ethiopia has experienced rapid economic growth and poverty reduction over the last decade, with an average annual GDP growth of 10.9%. This growth has been driven primarily by the agricultural sector and public investment in infrastructure. The economy is transitioning from primarily agrarian to greater roles for secondary and tertiary sectors. Population growth presents both opportunities and challenges for continued economic expansion. Education and skills development will need to keep pace with structural changes in the economy and labor market. Social protection programs have helped support livelihoods but further expansion will be important. Sustaining growth will require developing domestic industry and managing macroeconomic and demographic factors.
Rostow's stages of economic growth theory outlines 5 stages of development: 1) Traditional society, 2) Preconditions for take-off, 3) Take-off, 4) Drive to maturity, 5) Age of high mass consumption. Poverty can be absolute, relative, or in a vicious cycle passed between generations. Governments define poverty lines to determine those living in poverty based on minimum income needed for basic needs.
SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2015ITC LIMITEDFOR ALL OUR TOMORRO.docxssuserf9c51d
This document is ITC's Sustainability Report for 2015. It discusses ITC's efforts towards sustainability and creating sustainable livelihoods through various initiatives. Some key points include:
- ITC has created over 6 million sustainable livelihoods through its businesses and value chains.
- ITC is carbon positive for the 10th consecutive year, water positive for 13 years, and solid waste recycling positive for 8 years.
- ITC's social investments program covers 14 states and 71 districts, focusing on rural communities, production area communities, and partnerships with governments.
Inclusive growth in India- prospects and challenges Jagriti Rohit
India’s government has made “inclusive growth” a key element of their policy platform, stating as a goal: “Achieving a growth process in which people in different walks in life… feel that they too benefit significantly from the process.” (Ahluwalia, 2007)
With the deadline for the MDG targets set to expire in 2015, the United Nations and its Member States have embarked on a process to define a future development agenda. UN Secretary General has called for inclusive broad-based consultations within member states on the priorities for the post-2015 development agenda.
To discuss further on how the Corporates could play a proactive role on MDG framework and post 2015 Development agenda Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in association with UNDP, organizing a half a day workshop on Millennium Development Goals at 0930 hrs on 02 February 2013 in Hyderabad.
This document discusses the meaning and characteristics of economic development in emerging economies. It defines economic development as sustained GDP growth as well as improvements in living standards, such as reduced poverty, malnutrition, and inequality. Urbanization is an important part of development, as seen in countries where more than half the population lives in urban areas. While India's urban population is growing rapidly due to economic reforms since 1991, it remains lower than many other countries. The document outlines factors influencing development levels, such as low productivity, capital scarcity, high population growth, technological backwardness, poverty, income inequality, agricultural dependence, and lack of infrastructure.
UNDP 2011 Human Development Report and TurkeyUNDP Türkiye
UNDP's 2011 Human Development Report, its main messages and indices along with Turkey's performance in these indices. The report has been launched in Turkey by UN Turkey Coordinator and UNDP Turkey Representative Mr Shahid Najam on 2 November 2011. Prof Asaf Savas Akat and Prof Mehmet Altan also participated in the launch event in Istanbul Bilgi University.
Major developmental issues in India include low per capita income, unequal income distribution, poor quality of human capital, heavy dependence on agriculture, high inflation rates, lack of infrastructure, slow capital formation, corruption, high population pressure, low levels of technology, lack of access to basic amenities, illiteracy, and underutilization of natural resources. Unemployment and inequality are also significant problems. India has high levels of gender, caste, religious, ethnic, and economic inequality that restrict access to opportunities and resources for many groups.
This document discusses globalization, unemployment in Pakistan, and the causes and effects of unemployment. It defines globalization and notes that it is driven by economic, technological, sociocultural, political, and biological factors. It then defines unemployment and notes that it leads to wasted resources and reduced incomes. The document classifies unemployment, discusses its sources in Pakistan including structural and cyclical factors, and analyzes the causes of unemployment in Pakistan such as lack of skills, education, and a weak economy. It also outlines the effects of unemployment on individuals, the economy, and society. Suggestions to address unemployment include promoting economic growth, exports, agriculture, fiscal/monetary policies, technical training, and self-employment schemes.
KRI Brown Bag Seminar #1 - Islamic Finance: New Tools for Innovation with Soc...KhazanahResearchInstitute
KRI Brown Bag Seminar #1 which was held on the 15 February 2017 hosted guest speaker, Professor Saadiah Mohamad, who discussed the developments in social finance and provided a case for structuring Shariah-compliant products with social impact.
Her presentation acknowledged the claim among critics that there is an inherent weakness in the present-day Islamic banking and finance industry in terms of its underdeveloped social sector. She thus explored a framework for a socially responsible investment sukuk and social impact bonds (SIB) in the social finance space, and came up with recommendations for structuring a Shariah-compliant SIB or social sukuk.
Professor Saadiah’s arguments are based on her latest journal publication “A Case for an Islamic Social Impact Bond”, under the ACRN Oxford Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives.
Global trends & risks 2015 gpf conference keynoteSean Cleary
This document summarizes global trends and risks from 2015 to 2030. It discusses:
1) Continuing shifts in global economic power from Western nations to Asia and emerging markets. By 2030, over 50% of global GDP is projected to come from the Pacific region.
2) Rising inequality driven by higher returns to capital versus labor. This is exacerbated by disruptive technologies that further increase returns to capital ownership.
3) Breakthrough technologies like robotics, 3D printing, and renewable energy that are changing the economic landscape and reinforcing returns to capital. However, their impacts are difficult to predict and govern.
4) Resurgence of geopolitical tensions in areas like East Asia
This document discusses trends in global demography, including aging populations, migration, and rising obesity rates. It notes that populations are aging worldwide, with the number of older persons growing rapidly and expected to outnumber children by 2050. It also discusses challenges of aging populations like fewer working-age adults supporting more retirees. The document also summarizes trends in global migration like more people migrating from less to more developed countries and rising urbanization. Additionally, it outlines the dramatic worldwide rise in obesity over the last decade. The document suggests these global demographic shifts around aging, migration, and obesity will impact economies, societies and multinational companies in the coming decades.
This document summarizes some key problems facing developing India, including population growth, poverty, unemployment, and corruption. It then discusses how a growing population impacts the environment through increased deforestation, water usage, pollution, and global warming. It compares these environmental impacts between India and the United States using population growth models and factors like education, GNP, and immigration. It proposes solutions like increasing education, family planning programs, sustainable development practices, and reforestation.
We need to frame the way we gather and use data in the context of the post-2015 agenda on poverty eradication. Tony German and Judith Randel from Development Initiatives examine issues around disaggregating data for better informed choices about development spending.
Challenges of development include measuring growth accurately, promoting human development, and establishing strong institutions. Development requires economic growth as well as improvements in social, political, and economic structures. Theories of development attempt to explain how countries progress, but modernization theory was too simplistic. Development is influenced by values, natural resources, population, education, health, political stability, corruption, debt, and foreign aid. Achieving sustainable development remains difficult due to these many complicating factors.
The document discusses the differences between economic growth and economic development. It states that economic growth is a narrower concept, focused on increases in GDP, while economic development also considers improvements in human welfare factors like education, health, and living standards. The most accurate way to measure development is through the Human Development Index, which evaluates longevity, knowledge, and standard of living. Economic development leads to greater opportunities and productivity that can then enable continued economic growth.
Multidimensional Human Poverty
“New Approaches in Poverty Measurement”, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, 20 February 2014
Mihail Peleah
Human Development Officer, UNDP BRC
Zaman açığı ve yoksulluk: Levy Enstitüsü Zaman ve Tüketim Yoksulluğu ölçümü T...UNDP Türkiye
This document summarizes a study that developed an alternative measure of poverty in Turkey called the Levy Institute Measure of Time and Consumption Poverty (LIMTCP). The study found that:
1) The LIMTCP identified a significantly higher rate of poverty in Turkey than official measures because it took into account time deficits from insufficient hours for necessary household production. For example, the LIMTCP household poverty rate was 51% compared to 39% for official measures.
2) Time poverty disproportionately affected women, rural populations, and the officially poor. Simulations found that if non-working adults in poor households were employed, poverty rates could be reduced but many would still face time deficits.
3)
Integration of hydrological function into forest management plansUNDP Türkiye
The document summarizes a project to integrate hydrological function into forest management plans in Turkey. Key points include:
- Turkey has a lower percentage of forest area designated for water protection compared to Europe.
- The project established criteria and indicators for hydrological function in forests through stakeholder workshops.
- It provided instructions for designating forest lands for hydrological functions and improved institutional capacity on forest-water interactions.
- The project outcomes could be replicated in other regions and supported Turkey's National Climate Change Action Plan.
UN Joint Program on Fostering and Enabling Environment for Gender Equality in...UNDP Türkiye
The document outlines regional information and experience sharing platforms co-organized by the Turkish Grand National Assembly Equal Opportunities Commission for Woman and Man and the United Nations Development Programme between 2012-2013. The platforms aimed to promote gender equality at the local and national levels and raise awareness. Regional meetings provided an opportunity for discussion on gender equality efforts, needs, and activities among civil society organizations and institutions. Expected outcomes included increased awareness and perception of gender equality while decreasing prejudices, and developing recommendations to strengthen coordination on implementing gender equality plans.
Economic Valuations : Blue Carbon Potential of the MPA system in TurkeyUNDP Türkiye
This document summarizes a study that valued the blue carbon potential of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Turkey. The study estimated the carbon sequestration and soil carbon stored in seagrass meadows in two Turkish MPAs, Gökova SEPA and Foça SEPA. It found that Gökova SEPA stores 720 tons of carbon dioxide equivalents annually worth $792,064, while Foça SEPA stores 408 tons worth $408,218. Extrapolating to Turkey's full MPA network, the study estimated the total annual value of blue carbon storage is over $11.5 million. The document concludes that recognizing this "embedded natural capital" could provide conservation and financing opportunities for Turkey
Innovation for Women's Empoerment in Southeast Anatolia, Phase 2UNDP Türkiye
The document summarizes the objectives and results of Phase 1 and plans for Phase 2 of the "Innovations for Women's Empowerment in Southeast Anatolia" project.
Phase 1 aimed to empower women through skills training, production workshops, and marketing support. It helped establish textile factories and businesses that employed over 1,000 women. Phase 2 plans to further increase skills, employment, and incomes for women through training, business support, and expanding the regional clothing brand "Argande". The project aims to ensure sustainability through local capacity building and partnerships.
The UNECE Report on Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Europe and ...UNDP Türkiye
This report analyzes progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 29 emerging economies in the UNECE region. It finds that while most countries have made progress, goals related to poverty reduction, gender equality, disease control, and environmental sustainability remain challenges. The economic crisis has slowed progress in many countries. Overall achievement of the MDGs is uneven, with Central and Eastern European countries furthest along and Central Asian countries facing the greatest difficulties. Targeted policies are needed to support disadvantaged groups.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
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Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
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Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
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Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
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Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
3. “Rise of South” transforming global
power balance
• Developing nations driving economic growth
• Lifting hundreds of millions of people from
poverty
• Propelling billions more into a new global
middle class
“The Industrial Revolution was a story of perhaps a hundred
million people, but this is a story about billions of people”,
Khalid Malik, 2013 Report’s lead author.
4. Some facts…
• China and India doubled
per capita economic
output in less than 20
years
11. Much Human Progress, Particularly
Low HDI Countries
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
Very high HDI High HDI Medium HDI Low HDI
Average Annual Growth rate 2000-2012
12. Massive Expansion of the Global
Middle Class
1990 (1.8 billion)
Europe and North America
Asia-Pacific
Central and South America
Rest of the World
2020 (3.2 billion)
2030 (4.9 billion)
13. Why have some countries done better
than others?
1
Commitment to
long-term human
development 2
Actively promoting
job creation
3
Enhancing public
investment in health
and education 4 Nurturing industrial
capacities
14. Social Policy Innovations
1 Expanding education
access by equalizing funds
across regions and
municipalities
Poverty reduction
through innovative cash
transfer programmes
Health care for all
and targeting the
poor
2
3
BRAZILTURKEY
MEXICO
4 Extending development
benefits to the broader
society key to accelerating
progress
INDIA
15. Facing Challenges, Sustaining
Momentum
1 2
4
Participation and
inclusion essential to
stability and social cohesion
Aging population is
increasing the burden on the
productive workforce.3
Environmental
inaction may halt
human development
progress in the world
Educated, interconnected
youth demand greater
accountability
16. New Resources, New
Opportunities, New Institutions
• The rise of the South is challenging existing
global institutions to change.
• The South needs greater representation in
global governance.
• A new South Commission
18. Rise of the South from Turkey
• Favorable economic conditions for industries
with a high capacity to absorb labor
• Strengthening social assistance programmes in
Turkey
• Rise in GDP ratio from 32% to 48%, between
1990 and 2010
19. Turkey’s Human Development Index
• Measured as 0.722 (High Human
Development category)
– ranked as 90th out of 187
countries
– between 1980 and 2012, 52%
increase in HDI value
• Between 1980 and 2012, Turkey’s
life expectancy at birth increased
by 17.7 years, mean years of
schooling increased by 3.6 years
• Expected years of schooling
increased by 5.5 years.
• Turkey’s GNI per capita increased
by about 133 % between 1980 and
2012.
20. Turkey compared to OECD and EU
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Human Development Index Inequality Adjusted HDI Gender-Inequality Index
OECD AVERAGE
EU AVERAGE
TURKEY
21. Turkey compared to MIST and CIVETs
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
MIST AVERAGE CIVET AVERAGE Turkey
HDI
HDI
MIST: Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, Turkey
CIVETS: Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, South Africa
22. Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)
• Takes into account
INEQUALITY in HDI
• Turkey’s IHDI is
0.560 (a loss of
22.5% from HDI
due to inequality)
23. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
• Reflects gender-based inequalities in 3
dimensions:
– Reproductive health (maternal
mortality, adolescent fertility rates)
– Empowerment (share of parliamentary
seats, attainment at secondary and higher
education)
– Economic Activity (labor market participation rate
for each gender)
24. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
• Turkey’s GII value: 0.366
– Ranked as 68th out of 148
countries.
– 14.2% parliamentary seats are
held by women
– 26.7% of adult women have
reached a secondary or a higher
education
– For every 100,000 live births, 20
women die from pregnancy
related causes.
– Adolescent fertility rate is 30.5
births per 1000 live births.
– Female participation in the labor
market is 28.1% compared to
71.4% for men.
25. Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
• Identifies multiple deprivations in the same households
in education, health and standard of living.
• A cut-off of 33.3% is used to distinguish between poor
and non-poor.
– -33.3% means poor
– +33.3% means non-poor
• Last data is collected in Turkey was in 2003
– 6.6% of the population lived in multi-dimensional poverty
– 7.3% were vulnerable to multiple deprivations
– The intensity of deprivation was 42%
– MPI value is 0.028
26. Conclusion
• Human development is not a zero-sum game
• New opportunities & New challenges both for
the South and the North.
“The South needs the North, and increasingly the
North needs the South. The world is getting more
connected, not less”, 2013 HDR Report.
For more information: hdr.undp.org / www.undp.org.tr
The title of 2013 Human Development Report is the Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World. The report looks at the evolving geopolitics of our times, examining emerging issues and trends and alsothe new actors which are shaping the development landscape with:Developing nations driving economic growthLifting hundreds of millions of people from povertyPropelling billions more into a new global middle classThe report argues that the striking transformation of a large number of developing countries into dynamic major economies with growing political influence is having a significant impact on human development progresswhich is an importantopportunity for still greater human progress for the world as a whole.
With living standards rising in much of the South, the proportion of people living in extreme incomepoverty worldwide plunged from 43 percent in 1990 to 22 percent in 2008, including more than 500million people lifted from poverty in China alone. As a result, the world has already achieved the mainpoverty eradication target of the Millennium Development Goals, which called for the share of peopleliving on less than US$1.25 a day to be cut by half from 1990 to 2015.
The South is increasingly interdependent and interconnected. Mobile phones with Internet links are nowfound in most households in Asia and Latin America, and in much of Africa– and most of thoseaffordable smart phones are produced by South-based companies. Brazil, China, India, Indonesia andMexico now have more daily social media traffic than any country except the United States.
The South’sgrowing global interconnections are personal as well virtual: migration between developing countriesrecently surpassed net migration from South to North.
Theworld is witnessing an epochal “global rebalancing.” Therise of the South reversesthehugeshiftthatsawEuropeand North Americaeclipsethe rest of theworld, beginningwiththeindustrialrevolution, throughthecolonialeratothetwoWorldWars in the 20th century. Nowanothertectonicshift has put developingcountries on an upwardcurve. TheReportpredictsthattheso-called “Rise of the South” shouldcontinueandcouldevenaccelerate as the 21st centuryunfolds. Accordingtotheprojections in theReport, by 2050, Brazil, ChinaandIndiawilltogetheraccountfor 40 % of global output far surpassingtheprojectedcombinedproduction of today’sGroup of Seven bloc. (Germany, France, Italy, UK, US, CanadaandJapan)
Countries across the South areextending trade, technology and policy ties throughout the North, while the North islooking South for new partnerships that can promote global growth and development.Developing countries nearly doubled their share of world merchandise trade from 25 percent to 47percent between 1980 and 2010, the Report notes. Trade within the South was the biggest factor in thatexpansion, climbing from less than 10 percent to more than 25 percent of all world trade in the past 30years, while trade between developed countries fell from 46 percent to less than 30 percent. Tradebetween countries in the South will overtake that between developed nations, the Report projects.Increasing openness to trade correlates with rising human development achievement in most developingcountries.
The report notes that this phenomenon goes well beyond the so-called BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China), the 2013 report stresses, including Turkey, Indonesia, Mexico, and South Africa. The report shows more than 40 developing countries, including Turkey, have made greater human development gains in recent decades than would have been predicted. These achievements are largely due to sustained investment in education, health care and social programmes, open engagement with an increasingly interconnected worldThe report notes that the overall trend globally is toward continual human development improvement. UNDP’s Human Development Report includes “Human Development Index”, (HDI) which includes social indicators (for example, health and education) and hence is a broader measure of welfare than gross domestic product (GDP), which is based on income.Indeed no country for which complete data was available has a lower HDI value now than it had in 2000. Over the last decade, all countries accelerated their achievements in the education, health and income dimensions as measured in the Human Development Index (HDI).
Fourteen countries recorded impressive HDI gains of more than 2 percent annually since 2000. These countries are Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Angola, Timor-Leste, Myanmar, Tanzania, Liberia, Burundi, Mali, Mozambique, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Niger.Most are low-HDI African countries, with many emerging from long periods of armed conflict.
In the report, the middle class includes people earning or spending $ 10- $100 a day (in 2005 purchasing power parity terms).The middle class in the South is growing rapidly in size, income and expectations. It will triple by 2030 with growth concentrated in Asia. The sheer number of people in the South –the billions of consumers and citizens- multiplies the global human development consequences of actions by governments, companies and international institutions in the South. The South is now emerging alongside the North as a breeding ground for technical innovations and creative entrepreneurship. In North-South trade, the newly industrializing economies have built capabilities to efficiently manufacture complex products for developed country markets. But South-South interactions have enabled companies in the South to adapt and innovate with products and processes that are better suited to local needs.
The 2013 report first identifies more than 40 developing countries with human development gains that significantly outpaced global norms in recent decades.It then looks in greater detail at 17 of those countries, ranging from the biggest high-achievers – beginning with China- to many smaller successful countries in South such as Chile, Ghana and Thailand. While these countries differed greatly in their histories, political systems, economic profiles and development priorities, they share some key characteristics:Commitment to long-term human developmentActively promoting job creationEnhancing public investment in health and educationNurturing industrial capacities
Four countries are featured to show with what kind of policies these countries have significant human development progress. Turkey is among these countries with the health care policy. Brazil with expanding education access by equalizing funds across regions and municipalities.Mexico with poverty reduction through innovative cash transfer programmes.India with extending development benefits to broader society key to accelerating progress.
However, the South stillfaces long-term challenges shared by industrialized countries of the North, including an aging population, environmental pressures, social inequalities, mismatches between educational preparation and job opportunities and the need for meaningful civic engagement among others. Although, as we have said, the pace of HDI progress has been fastest in countries in the low and medium human development categories, progress requires more than average improvement in the HDI. It will be neither desirable nor sustainable if increases in the HDI are accompanied by rising inequalities in income, unsustainable patterns of consumption, high military spending and low social cohesion.These require both national and global solutions if developing countries are to maintain their human development momentum. Enhancing Equity: Essential for promoting human development. One of the most powerful instruments for this purpose is education which boosts people’s self confidence and makes it easier for them to find better jobs, engage in public debate and make demands on government for health care, social security and other entitlements. The report suggests that faster educational progress also substantially reduces child mortality, the direct result of improvements in girls’ opportunities for continued education and the well-documented benefits for children of having a well-educated mother. Educating women through adulthood is the closest thing to a silver bullet formula for accelerating human development.Enabling voice and participation: People should be able to influence policy making and results and young people in particular should be able to look forward to greater economic opportunities and political participation and accountability. Confronting Environmental Pressures: While environmental threats such as climate change, deforestation, air and water pollution, and natural disasters affect everyone, they hurt poor countries and poor communities most. The cost of inaction will likely be high. To ensure sustainable economies, new policies and structural changes are needed that align human development and climate change goals in low emission, climate-resilient strategies and innovative public-private financing mechanisms. Managing Demographic Change: In more advanced developing countries, as in the North, aging populations are increasing the burden on the productive workforce, the Report notes. Some poorer regions, however, could benefit from a demographic dividend as the share of their working age population rises, the Report says, but only if appropriate policy action is taken to reap this dividend.
The report warns that non-responsive political structures can prompt civil unrest, especially if economic opportunity does not keep pace with educational advancement, as in the countries that were part of 2011’s uprisings in the Arab States region. The South itself has both the expertise and the resources to be a more powerful force in global development, the Report argues. Developing countries now hold two-thirds of the world’s total 10.2 trillion dollars in foreign exchange reserves, including more than 3 trillion dollars in China alone., and about three-quarters of the 4.3 trillion dollars in assets controlled by sovereign wealth funds worldwide. Even a small share of these vast sums could have a swift measurable impact on global poverty and human development, report says. The 2013 Report argues that the rise of the South is challenging existing global institutions to change and showing new ways that countries and regions can work together to confront shared challenges. As older international institutions fail to adapt, new mechanisms are emerging, such as overlapping networks of national and continent-wide cooperation, including regional trade pacts, security groupings, development banks and bilateral agreements.The South needs greater representation in global governance, which also requires assuming greater responsibility, the Report argues. The global system is overdue for reform, and the Report calls for a more “coherent pluralism” in international governance driven at the national level by “responsible sovereignty,” or the recognition that in an interconnected world, national policy decisions affect neighboring countries and, often, the planet as a whole.The Report urges the convening of a new “South Commission” where developing countries can take the lead in suggesting constructive new approaches to effective global governance. The rise of the South and its potential for accelerating progress for future generations should be seen as beneficial for all countries and regions, as living standards improve and the world as whole becomes ever more deeply interdependent, the Report emphasizes.
Accordingto HDR 2013, the state created favourable economic conditions that encouraged construction and the manufacture of furniture, textiles, food and automobiles—all industries with a high capacity to absorb labour. Turkey’s export basket has since moved towards products that involve more processing, higher technology content and the use of skilled labour. Turkish Minister of Development CevdetYılmazwrites in the Report about how Turkey strengthened health, education and social support programs as a strategy to reduce poverty. “Key policy changes include systematic strengthening of social assistance programmes, conditional cash transfers, social security reforms and an ambitious transformation of the national public health system,” he writes. Trade performance after the 1980s rested on production capacities built in the pre-1980 era of import-substituting industrialization in Turkey.Between 1990 and 2010, its trade to GDP ratio rose from 32% to 48%, a substantial jump for a middle-income country with a large domestic market. In 2011, the top exports—automobiles, iron and steel, and household appliances and consumer electronics—were all from industries that had grown under trade protection.In 2011, Turkish companies made 25 deals worth nearly $3 billion. One of Turkey’s famous acquisitions is Godiva, a Belgian chocolate manufacturer, bought for $850 million by Yıldız Holding.
Turkey’s HDI value for 2012 is 0.722—in the high human development category—positioning the country at 90 out of 187 countries and territories. In the 2011 HDR, Turkey was ranked 92 out of 187 countries. However, it is misleading to compare values and rankings with those of previously published reports, because the underlying data and methods have changed. Between 1980 and 2012, Turkey’s HDI value increased from 0.474 to 0.722, an increase of 52 percent or average annual increase of about 1.3 percent.Between 1980 and 2012, Turkey’s life expectancy at birth increased by 17.7 years, mean years of schooling increased by 3.6 yearsExpected years of schooling increased by 5.5 years. Turkey’s GNI per capita is increased by about 133 percent between 1980 and 2012.