HT2D was developed to study the heat transfer in two dimensions with prescribed temperatures at the boundaries. In each boundary there are four functions that can describe the evolution of temperature over time. Code: http://earc96.vprc.net/
The document discusses the Master Theorem for solving recurrence relations of the form T(n) = aT(n/b) + f(n). There are 3 cases depending on how f(n) compares to nlogba. 22 practice problems are given to apply the Master Theorem. For each, it is determined whether the Master Theorem can be used to solve the recurrence and express T(n), or if it does not apply.
- Recurrences describe functions in terms of their values on smaller inputs and arise when algorithms contain recursive calls to themselves.
- To analyze the running time of recursive algorithms, the recurrence must be solved to find an explicit formula or bound the expression in terms of n.
- Examples of recurrences and their solutions are given, including binary search (O(log n)), dividing the input in half at each step (O(n)), and dividing the input in half but examining all items (O(n)).
- Methods for solving recurrences include iteration, substitution, and using recursion trees to "guess" the solution.
This document discusses heat transfer through conduction and various methods for solving the heat equation using finite difference approximations. It introduces the heat equation in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. It discusses boundary conditions and describes setting up a nodal network to discretize the domain. It then presents the finite difference form of the heat equation and describes different cases for nodal finite difference equations, including for interior nodes, nodes at corners or surfaces with convection, and nodes at surfaces with uniform heat flux. It discusses solving the finite difference equations using matrix inversion, Gauss-Seidel iteration, and provides examples.
Different analytical and numerical methods are commonly used to solve transient heat conduction problems. In this problem, the use of Alternating Direct Implicit scheme (ADI) was adopted to solve temperature variation within an infinitesimal long bar of a square cross-section. The bottom right quadrant of the square cross-section of the bar was selected. The surface of the bar was maintained at constant temperature and temperature variation within the bar was evaluated within a time frame. The Laplace equation governing the 2-dimesional heat conduction was solved by iterative schemes as a result of the time variation. The modelled problem using COMSOL-MULTIPHYSICS software validated the result of the ADI analysis. On comparing the Modelled results from COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS and the results from ADI iterative scheme graphically, there was an high level of agreement between both results.
The document discusses different methods for analyzing recursive functions, including:
1. The recursion-tree method, which represents each subproblem as a node with costs summed at each level and total. This is suitable for divide-and-conquer recurrences.
2. An example of using the recursion-tree method to solve T(n)=3T(n/4)+Θ(n^2), showing the tree has height log4n, Θ(nlog43) leaf nodes each costing T(1), and total cost O(n^2).
3. Another example of T(n)=T(n/3)+T(2n/3)+O(n
This document discusses periodic graphs and phase shifts of trigonometric functions. It defines the standard forms for sine and cosine functions and explains that:
- A controls amplitude
- B controls period
- C controls phase shift
- D controls vertical shift
It provides examples of identifying amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift from trigonometric equations. It explains that phase shift results in horizontal translation of the graph while vertical shift results in vertical translation.
HT2D was developed to study the heat transfer in two dimensions with prescribed temperatures at the boundaries. In each boundary there are four functions that can describe the evolution of temperature over time. Code: http://earc96.vprc.net/
The document discusses the Master Theorem for solving recurrence relations of the form T(n) = aT(n/b) + f(n). There are 3 cases depending on how f(n) compares to nlogba. 22 practice problems are given to apply the Master Theorem. For each, it is determined whether the Master Theorem can be used to solve the recurrence and express T(n), or if it does not apply.
- Recurrences describe functions in terms of their values on smaller inputs and arise when algorithms contain recursive calls to themselves.
- To analyze the running time of recursive algorithms, the recurrence must be solved to find an explicit formula or bound the expression in terms of n.
- Examples of recurrences and their solutions are given, including binary search (O(log n)), dividing the input in half at each step (O(n)), and dividing the input in half but examining all items (O(n)).
- Methods for solving recurrences include iteration, substitution, and using recursion trees to "guess" the solution.
This document discusses heat transfer through conduction and various methods for solving the heat equation using finite difference approximations. It introduces the heat equation in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. It discusses boundary conditions and describes setting up a nodal network to discretize the domain. It then presents the finite difference form of the heat equation and describes different cases for nodal finite difference equations, including for interior nodes, nodes at corners or surfaces with convection, and nodes at surfaces with uniform heat flux. It discusses solving the finite difference equations using matrix inversion, Gauss-Seidel iteration, and provides examples.
Different analytical and numerical methods are commonly used to solve transient heat conduction problems. In this problem, the use of Alternating Direct Implicit scheme (ADI) was adopted to solve temperature variation within an infinitesimal long bar of a square cross-section. The bottom right quadrant of the square cross-section of the bar was selected. The surface of the bar was maintained at constant temperature and temperature variation within the bar was evaluated within a time frame. The Laplace equation governing the 2-dimesional heat conduction was solved by iterative schemes as a result of the time variation. The modelled problem using COMSOL-MULTIPHYSICS software validated the result of the ADI analysis. On comparing the Modelled results from COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS and the results from ADI iterative scheme graphically, there was an high level of agreement between both results.
The document discusses different methods for analyzing recursive functions, including:
1. The recursion-tree method, which represents each subproblem as a node with costs summed at each level and total. This is suitable for divide-and-conquer recurrences.
2. An example of using the recursion-tree method to solve T(n)=3T(n/4)+Θ(n^2), showing the tree has height log4n, Θ(nlog43) leaf nodes each costing T(1), and total cost O(n^2).
3. Another example of T(n)=T(n/3)+T(2n/3)+O(n
This document discusses periodic graphs and phase shifts of trigonometric functions. It defines the standard forms for sine and cosine functions and explains that:
- A controls amplitude
- B controls period
- C controls phase shift
- D controls vertical shift
It provides examples of identifying amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift from trigonometric equations. It explains that phase shift results in horizontal translation of the graph while vertical shift results in vertical translation.
The document discusses various forecasting techniques including exponential smoothing, linear regression, and simulation. It provides examples of how to calculate forecasts using simple and double exponential smoothing as well as linear, parabolic, and multiple regression models. It also presents a simulation example to compare the costs of different maintenance policies for vacuum tubes in a machine.
The document discusses the equations for calculating the period of two different spring systems, labeled A and B. It shows that system A has a period that is the square root of 2 times longer than system B. This is because system A's equation includes a square root of 2, while system B's equation includes a square root of 1/3. Therefore, the period of system A is 2.45 times longer than the period of B.
Presentation on binary search, quick sort, merge sort and problemsSumita Das
The document discusses four sorting algorithms: binary search, quicksort, merge sort, and their working principles. It provides:
1) Binary search works by repeatedly dividing a sorted list in half and evaluating the target value against the midpoint.
2) Quicksort uses a pivot element to partition an array into subarrays of smaller size, sorting them recursively.
3) Merge sort divides an array into halves, recursively sorts them, and then merges the sorted halves back together.
4) Examples are given of how each algorithm would sort sample arrays through their divide and conquer approaches.
This document discusses divide-and-conquer algorithms and their time complexities. It begins with examples of finding the maximum of a set and binary search. It then presents the general steps of a divide-and-conquer algorithm and analyzes time complexity. Several algorithms are discussed including quicksort, merge sort, 2D maxima finding, closest pair problem, convex hull problem, and matrix multiplication. Strategies like divide, conquer, and merge are used to solve problems recursively in fewer comparisons than brute force methods. Many algorithms have a time complexity of O(n log n).
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Finding distances, velocities, and areas involving motion along a line
2) Calculating areas of regions bounded by curves
3) Computing volumes of solids obtained by rotating regions about axes
4) Determining arc lengths, velocities, and accelerations for planar curves
It provides examples and problems for each application, as well as frequently asked questions.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Finding distances, velocities, and areas involving motion along a line
2) Calculating areas of regions bounded by curves
3) Computing volumes of solids obtained by rotating regions about axes
4) Determining arc lengths, velocities, and accelerations for planar curves
It provides examples and problems for each application, as well as frequently asked questions.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves or lines
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating regions about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Other applications involving using integrals to find work, average values, and charges. Examples are provided for each application type.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves or lines
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Other applications involving using integrals to find work, average values, and charges
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
The document describes the heat diffusion equation, which relates the rate of change of energy in a solid to the rate of heat transfer in and out. It presents the one-dimensional, steady-state heat conduction equation and discusses using thermal resistance concepts from electrical circuits to analyze heat transfer through composite walls. The thermal resistance of insulation materials is equal to the thickness divided by the thermal conductivity.
The document describes the heat diffusion equation, which relates the rate of change of energy in a solid to the rate of heat transfer in and out. It presents the one-dimensional, steady-state heat conduction equation and discusses using thermal resistance concepts from electrical circuits to analyze heat transfer through composite walls. The thermal resistance of insulation materials is equal to the thickness divided by the thermal conductivity.
The document discusses various forecasting techniques including exponential smoothing, linear regression, and simulation. It provides examples of how to calculate forecasts using simple and double exponential smoothing as well as linear, parabolic, and multiple regression models. It also presents a simulation example to compare the costs of different maintenance policies for vacuum tubes in a machine.
The document discusses the equations for calculating the period of two different spring systems, labeled A and B. It shows that system A has a period that is the square root of 2 times longer than system B. This is because system A's equation includes a square root of 2, while system B's equation includes a square root of 1/3. Therefore, the period of system A is 2.45 times longer than the period of B.
Presentation on binary search, quick sort, merge sort and problemsSumita Das
The document discusses four sorting algorithms: binary search, quicksort, merge sort, and their working principles. It provides:
1) Binary search works by repeatedly dividing a sorted list in half and evaluating the target value against the midpoint.
2) Quicksort uses a pivot element to partition an array into subarrays of smaller size, sorting them recursively.
3) Merge sort divides an array into halves, recursively sorts them, and then merges the sorted halves back together.
4) Examples are given of how each algorithm would sort sample arrays through their divide and conquer approaches.
This document discusses divide-and-conquer algorithms and their time complexities. It begins with examples of finding the maximum of a set and binary search. It then presents the general steps of a divide-and-conquer algorithm and analyzes time complexity. Several algorithms are discussed including quicksort, merge sort, 2D maxima finding, closest pair problem, convex hull problem, and matrix multiplication. Strategies like divide, conquer, and merge are used to solve problems recursively in fewer comparisons than brute force methods. Many algorithms have a time complexity of O(n log n).
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Finding distances, velocities, and areas involving motion along a line
2) Calculating areas of regions bounded by curves
3) Computing volumes of solids obtained by rotating regions about axes
4) Determining arc lengths, velocities, and accelerations for planar curves
It provides examples and problems for each application, as well as frequently asked questions.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Finding distances, velocities, and areas involving motion along a line
2) Calculating areas of regions bounded by curves
3) Computing volumes of solids obtained by rotating regions about axes
4) Determining arc lengths, velocities, and accelerations for planar curves
It provides examples and problems for each application, as well as frequently asked questions.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves or lines
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating regions about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Other applications involving using integrals to find work, average values, and charges. Examples are provided for each application type.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves or lines
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Other applications involving using integrals to find work, average values, and charges
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
This document discusses various applications of integration, including:
1) Velocity and distance problems involving motion along a line
2) Calculating the area of different regions bounded by curves
3) Finding volumes of solids obtained by rotating areas about axes
4) Determining arc lengths and lengths of curves
5) Calculating velocity and acceleration vectors of objects moving along planar curves
6) Applying integrals to problems involving work, average values, forces, and other rates of change.
The document describes the heat diffusion equation, which relates the rate of change of energy in a solid to the rate of heat transfer in and out. It presents the one-dimensional, steady-state heat conduction equation and discusses using thermal resistance concepts from electrical circuits to analyze heat transfer through composite walls. The thermal resistance of insulation materials is equal to the thickness divided by the thermal conductivity.
The document describes the heat diffusion equation, which relates the rate of change of energy in a solid to the rate of heat transfer in and out. It presents the one-dimensional, steady-state heat conduction equation and discusses using thermal resistance concepts from electrical circuits to analyze heat transfer through composite walls. The thermal resistance of insulation materials is equal to the thickness divided by the thermal conductivity.
The document discusses heat transfer through multiple dimensions and steady-state conduction. It covers analytical solutions using separation of variables for simple geometries with various boundary conditions. Numerical techniques using finite difference methods are also introduced. The temperature field is discretized on a grid and the heat diffusion equation is expressed as algebraic equations at the grid points using Taylor series approximations. Thermal balance is enforced at interior points by equating heat conduction to neighboring points.
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This document summarizes the finite difference method for numerically solving heat transfer problems. The method involves establishing a nodal network to discretize the domain, deriving finite difference approximations of the governing heat equation at each node, developing a system of simultaneous algebraic equations relating all nodal temperatures, and solving the system of equations using numerical techniques like matrix inversion or iterative methods. Examples are provided to illustrate the finite difference approximations, formation of the algebraic system, and solution via the Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel iteration methods.
This document summarizes the analysis of heat transfer through a long thin fin and through a solder wire melting upon contact with a hot surface.
For the long fin problem, averaging the governing equation over the fin's cross-section allows reducing the problem to 1D with temperature dependent only on the axial coordinate. This yields a dimensionless equation and boundary conditions that can be solved analytically.
For the solder wire, a 1D analysis is valid when the Biot number is small. Non-dimensionalizing and averaging the energy equation yields an ordinary differential equation for the dimensionless cross-sectional average temperature. Solving this provides the temperature profile, from which the heat flux from the surface into the wire can be
Graphical methods for 2 d heat transfer Arun Sarasan
This document discusses numerical methods for solving two-dimensional heat transfer problems. It begins by explaining that analytical solutions are often not available for modern engineering problems due to complex geometries and boundary conditions. Numerical methods using computers can provide useful approximate solutions. The finite difference method and finite element method are introduced as two common numerical techniques. The finite difference method involves discretizing the domain into a nodal network and deriving finite difference approximations of the governing heat equation at each node to develop a system of algebraic equations that can be solved numerically. Iterative methods like Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel are often used to solve large systems of equations. The document provides examples of applying these concepts to model heat conduction problems.
This document discusses partial differential equations and heat transfer. It begins by introducing the heat equation, which models heat conduction in a solid body. It presents the one-dimensional heat equation and describes Fourier's analysis using separation of variables. The solution is expressed as a Fourier series involving sine and exponential terms. Examples are provided of using Fourier series to solve heat equations subject to various boundary conditions.
Numerical methods for 2 d heat transferArun Sarasan
This document presents a numerical study comparing finite difference and finite volume methods for solving the heat transfer equation during solidification in a complex casting geometry. The study uses a multi-block grid with bilinear interpolation and generalized curvilinear coordinates. Results show good agreement between the two discretization methods, with a slight advantage for the finite volume method due to its use of more nodal information. The multi-block grid approach reduces computational time and allows complex geometries to be accurately modeled while overcoming issues at block interfaces.
1) The chapter discusses heat conduction and the governing equation for one-dimensional, steady-state heat conduction through a plane wall.
2) It derives the transient, one-dimensional heat conduction equations for plane walls, long cylinders, and spheres. These equations can be simplified for steady-state and cases without heat generation.
3) The chapter also covers boundary and initial conditions like specified temperature, heat flux, convection, radiation, and interfaces. Governing equations are developed for multidimensional and transient heat conduction problems.
- The document summarizes Stirling's formula, which approximates n! asymptotically as n approaches infinity.
- It proves a weaker version showing nlogn is the right order of magnitude for log(n!).
- It then proves Stirling's formula precisely by using Euler's integral representation of n!, applying a change of variables to center the integrand at n, and showing the integrand converges to a Gaussian.
This document discusses heat transfer via conduction and presents a numerical solution to the heat equation in one dimension using finite difference approximations in MATLAB. It begins by introducing the three modes of heat transfer and Fourier's law of heat conduction. It then describes the problem of subsurface temperature fluctuations over time. The solution section presents the heat equation and initial/boundary conditions. It describes using forward, backward and central finite differences to discretize the equation. The MATLAB code implements this solution over 400 depth steps and 5000 time steps to plot the temperature at various depths over time. The code converges and plots are shown of the temperature distribution and profiles at different depths.
The document discusses the one-dimensional heat conduction equation. It begins by introducing heat transfer concepts like temperature, heat transfer, and Fourier's Law of heat conduction. It then derives the general heat conduction equation for one-dimensional conduction in a plane wall, long cylinder, and sphere. The equation can be simplified for special cases like steady-state and transient problems without heat generation.
Heat equation. Discretization and finite difference. Explicit and implicit Euler schemes. CFL conditions. Continuous Gaussian convolution solution. Linear and non-linear scale spaces. Anisotropic diffusion. Perona-Malik and Weickert model. Variational methods. Tikhonov regularization by gradient descent. Links between variational models and diffusion models. Total-Variation regularization and ROF model. Sparsity and group sparsity. Applications to image deconvolution.
The document discusses lumped parameter analysis for transient heat transfer. It summarizes that lumped parameter analysis can be used when the Biot number (Bi) is less than 0.1. Under these conditions, the temperature at any point in the solid is assumed to be uniform and only a function of time. The temperature variation can then be expressed using an exponential function involving the Fourier number (Fo) and Biot number (Bi). Graphical representations like the Heisler charts can also be used. The document also discusses the heat equation and its application to different geometries like slabs, cylinders and spheres. Electrical circuit analogy is presented to analyze heat transfer across composite walls.
This document summarizes a research article about numerical modeling of gas turbine engines. The researchers developed mathematical models and numerical methods to calculate the stationary and quasi-stationary temperature fields of gas turbine blades with convective cooling. They combined the boundary integral equation method and finite difference method to solve this problem. The researchers proved the validity of these methods through theorems and estimates. They were able to visualize the temperature profiles using methods like least squares fitting with automatic interpolation, spline smoothing, and neural networks. The reliability of the numerical methods was confirmed through calculations and experimental tests of heat transfer characteristics on gas turbine nozzle blades.
1. The document discusses operations that can be performed on continuous-time signals, including time reversal, time shifting, amplitude scaling, addition, multiplication, and time scaling.
2. It provides examples of each operation using the unit step function u(t) and illustrates the effect graphically. Combinations of operations are also demonstrated through examples.
3. Key operations include time shifting which delays a signal, time scaling which speeds up or slows down a signal, and their combination which first performs one operation and then the other.
1. The document discusses operations that can be performed on continuous-time signals, including time reversal, time shifting, amplitude scaling, addition, multiplication, and time scaling.
2. It provides examples of each operation using the unit step function u(t) and illustrates the effect graphically. Combinations of operations are also demonstrated through examples.
3. Key operations include time shifting which delays a signal, time scaling which speeds up or slows down a signal, and their combination which first performs one operation and then the other.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
HT1D
1. Heat Transfer (1D) - HT1D
Emanuel Camacho
Objective
HT1D was developed to study the heat transfer in a beam that is isolated both up and down
and has prescribed temperatures at the tips.
Mathematical Introduction
The heat equation describes the distribution of heat over time and for a three dimensional
space plus the time, the heat equation is:
∂T
∂t
= α
∂2
T
∂x2
+
∂2
T
∂y2
+
∂2
T
∂z2
Since this program was just programmed for one direction in a non steady state, the heat
equation is now:
∂T
∂t
= α
∂2
T
∂x2
In this program, the finite difference method was used to resolve these types of problems. After
some mathematical manipulation which included expanding the Taylor series around T(x, t), we
can conclude that:
∂T
∂t
=
Tn+1
i − Tn
i
∆t
∂2
T
∂x2
=
Tn
i+1 − 2Tn
i + Tn
i−1
(∆x)2
So,
Tn+1
i − Tn
i
∆t
= α
Tn
i+1 − 2Tn
i + Tn
i−1
(∆x)2
Tn+1
i = Tn
i + α
∆t
(∆x)2
Tn
i+1 − 2Tn
i + Tn
i−1