This document provides a summary of key information about Himachal Pradesh, including:
- It was formed as a chief commissioner's province in 1948 and transitioned to a union territory and state. The Congress party was the first ruling party.
- Important dates include territories being merged over time, increasing the number of districts from 4 to 12.
- It contains details on the state's geography, including major rivers like the Satluj and Chenab, lakes, passes, valleys, and wildlife areas.
- Literature authors who have written about Himachal Pradesh and its history are also listed.
This document summarizes the history of elections and governments in the Indian state of Karnataka from 1994 to 2013. It describes the elections that took place in 1994, 1999, 2004, 2008, and 2013. In the 1994 election, the Janata Dal party won the majority with 115 seats. In 1999, the Indian National Congress won with 132 seats. The 2004 election resulted in a coalition government as no party won a majority. The 2008 election saw the Bharatiya Janata Party win its first majority in Karnataka. In 2013, the Indian National Congress returned to power with 122 seats under Siddaramaiah's leadership. The document also outlines the major political parties and their ideologies in Karnataka.
This document provides a chapter-by-chapter summary of the Ayurvedic text Rasaratnasamucchaya. The text discusses the classification, preparation, and medical applications of minerals and metals in Rasashastra. It describes over 60 formulations using minerals and metals for treating various diseases. The text also covers related topics like Vajikarana (rejuvenation), Visha Kalpa (toxicology), and Rasa Kalpa (formulations using minerals and metals). It systematically explains principles of mineral and metal-based formulations and their uses in treating many disorders according to Ayurveda.
The document discusses the 20 Gurvadi gunas or bodily qualities described in Ayurveda. It lists the Gurvadi gunas according to Charaka, Sushruta, Bhavaprakasha and Vagbhata and notes differences in opinion. It provides details on each individual guna - their characteristics, dosha effects, dhatu and mala effects, predominant mahabhutas, examples and therapeutic uses. The key Gurvadi gunas discussed are guru, laghu, sheeta, ushna, snigdha, ruksha, mridu and teekshna. It compares the effects of opposing guna pairs like snigdha-ruk
This document provides an overview of the history and concepts of Parada (mercury) in Rasashastra. It discusses:
1) The 18 samskaras (processes) used to purify Parada like Swedana, Mardana etc.
2) The 4 types of Parada bhandhas (amalgamations) used - Jalauka Pakwa, Khota Pishti, Pata Parpatika, Bhasma Bhuthisama.
3) Different colors and properties of Parada bhasma (calcined mercury) like Sveta (white), Udaya Bhaskara (red).
4) Shodhana (pur
The document summarizes the Ayurvedic text Chakradutta by Chakrapani Datta. It provides an overview of the author, date, sources cited, and structure of the text. The text contains 4800 verses divided into 79 chapters discussing the treatment of various diseases following the order of Madhava Nidana. It includes herbal formulations, procedures like Panchakarma and Rasayana. While focusing on therapeutics, it provides guidance still applicable for Ayurvedic practitioners and research.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Rasashastra, an Ayurvedic tradition focused on metals and minerals. It discusses the definition, history, references in ancient texts, and uses of metals and minerals according to Rasashastra. Key points include:
- Rasashastra involves the use of mercury and other metals for health, longevity, and spiritual liberation.
- It is mentioned in many ancient Indian texts from the Vedic period through medieval times. Figures like Nagarjuna made significant contributions.
- Metals and minerals are described in texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita for treatments, rasayanas, and surgical preparations.
1. Satvapatana is the process of extracting the therapeutic active material from metal ores through various pharmaceutical procedures. It aims to obtain the active principle from the ore in a purified form with minimal dosage.
2. The document discusses the classification, references, requirements, techniques, and characteristics of satvapatana. It compares satvapatana to modern metallurgical extraction techniques.
3. While satvapatana and metallurgy both aim to extract metals, satvapatana focuses on the therapeutic properties whereas metallurgy aims for pure commercial metals. The satva obtained is further processed for therapeutic use.
This document summarizes the history of elections and governments in the Indian state of Karnataka from 1994 to 2013. It describes the elections that took place in 1994, 1999, 2004, 2008, and 2013. In the 1994 election, the Janata Dal party won the majority with 115 seats. In 1999, the Indian National Congress won with 132 seats. The 2004 election resulted in a coalition government as no party won a majority. The 2008 election saw the Bharatiya Janata Party win its first majority in Karnataka. In 2013, the Indian National Congress returned to power with 122 seats under Siddaramaiah's leadership. The document also outlines the major political parties and their ideologies in Karnataka.
This document provides a chapter-by-chapter summary of the Ayurvedic text Rasaratnasamucchaya. The text discusses the classification, preparation, and medical applications of minerals and metals in Rasashastra. It describes over 60 formulations using minerals and metals for treating various diseases. The text also covers related topics like Vajikarana (rejuvenation), Visha Kalpa (toxicology), and Rasa Kalpa (formulations using minerals and metals). It systematically explains principles of mineral and metal-based formulations and their uses in treating many disorders according to Ayurveda.
The document discusses the 20 Gurvadi gunas or bodily qualities described in Ayurveda. It lists the Gurvadi gunas according to Charaka, Sushruta, Bhavaprakasha and Vagbhata and notes differences in opinion. It provides details on each individual guna - their characteristics, dosha effects, dhatu and mala effects, predominant mahabhutas, examples and therapeutic uses. The key Gurvadi gunas discussed are guru, laghu, sheeta, ushna, snigdha, ruksha, mridu and teekshna. It compares the effects of opposing guna pairs like snigdha-ruk
This document provides an overview of the history and concepts of Parada (mercury) in Rasashastra. It discusses:
1) The 18 samskaras (processes) used to purify Parada like Swedana, Mardana etc.
2) The 4 types of Parada bhandhas (amalgamations) used - Jalauka Pakwa, Khota Pishti, Pata Parpatika, Bhasma Bhuthisama.
3) Different colors and properties of Parada bhasma (calcined mercury) like Sveta (white), Udaya Bhaskara (red).
4) Shodhana (pur
The document summarizes the Ayurvedic text Chakradutta by Chakrapani Datta. It provides an overview of the author, date, sources cited, and structure of the text. The text contains 4800 verses divided into 79 chapters discussing the treatment of various diseases following the order of Madhava Nidana. It includes herbal formulations, procedures like Panchakarma and Rasayana. While focusing on therapeutics, it provides guidance still applicable for Ayurvedic practitioners and research.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Rasashastra, an Ayurvedic tradition focused on metals and minerals. It discusses the definition, history, references in ancient texts, and uses of metals and minerals according to Rasashastra. Key points include:
- Rasashastra involves the use of mercury and other metals for health, longevity, and spiritual liberation.
- It is mentioned in many ancient Indian texts from the Vedic period through medieval times. Figures like Nagarjuna made significant contributions.
- Metals and minerals are described in texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita for treatments, rasayanas, and surgical preparations.
1. Satvapatana is the process of extracting the therapeutic active material from metal ores through various pharmaceutical procedures. It aims to obtain the active principle from the ore in a purified form with minimal dosage.
2. The document discusses the classification, references, requirements, techniques, and characteristics of satvapatana. It compares satvapatana to modern metallurgical extraction techniques.
3. While satvapatana and metallurgy both aim to extract metals, satvapatana focuses on the therapeutic properties whereas metallurgy aims for pure commercial metals. The satva obtained is further processed for therapeutic use.
4 Major Aspects of Achara Rasayana (Mental Discipline) In Psychosomatic Disor...Ayurveda Retreat
The term Achara signifies the physical and mental conduct of an individual and it has been designate as a Rasayana i.e, a vitalizer agent for the entire span of life. This is a measure having no involvement of drugs, may replenish and maintain the total life process free from ailments.
The concept of Achara Rasayana for better understanding can be divided under the following aspect.
> Psychological Aspect
> Social and Behavioral Aspect
> Religious and Spiritual Aspect
> Personal Aspect
1. Psychological Aspects
Satyavadi – one who speaks truth
Akrodhi – who is free from anger
Ahimsaka – who hurts no one
Anayasa – avoids over strain
Prashanta – is tranquil of heart
Priyavadi – fair spoken
Japa para – devoted in repetition of holy chants
Asankeernam – devoid of narrow mindedness
2. Social and Behavioral Aspects
Satyavadi – one who speaks truth
Nivruttam Madhya maithunath – who abstains from alcohol and sexual desires
Deva go brahmana guru vruddha archana ratam – delights in reverencing gods, cows, elders and teachers.
Anrusham – who is attached to non-violence
Anahankrutam – free from egoism
Upasitaram vruddhanam – who is attached to elders
3. Religious and Spiritual Aspects
Dharmashastraparam – who always respects dharmagranthas
Adhyatma pravanendriyam – who indulges in spiritual texts
Tapaswinam – who meditates
4. Personal Aspects
Shouchaparam – who maintains cleanliness
Samajagarana swapna – moderate in waking and sleep
Nityam ksheera grithashinam – who consumes milk and ghee everyday
Desha kala prmanagnam – who is having proper knowledge of desha and kala
Jitatmanam – having self control
We customize treatment programs specific to your health needs!
Email us at info@ayurveda.org or
Call us at +91 423-2231912, +91 999-4779422, +1 817-939-5843 (USA Office)
Kupipakwa Rasayan by Mohd Ehsan B.Pharm(Ayurveda) Mohd Ehsan
The document discusses Kupipakwa rasayan, a unique Ayurvedic preparation. It begins by providing historical context for the development of rasashastra as a branch of Ayurveda. It then defines key terms like kajjali, jarana, and murcchana used in the Kupipakwa process. The document outlines the typical materials, steps, and observations involved in the preparation method. These include using a kupi vessel placed in a valuka yantra and applying different levels of heat. The summary concludes that Kupipakwa rasayan formulations are effective treatments due to the high heat applied during processing.
This document provides information on Kupi Pakwa preparations in Ayurveda. It discusses the evolution and history of Kupi Pakwa in classical texts from the 13th century to the 19th century. It covers the specifications, classifications, methodology, and rationale behind where the finished product is deposited. Several common Kupi Pakwa preparations are described including their ingredients and references. The document concludes by discussing the therapeutic uses and market availability of these preparations.
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
This document provides information on the herb Bala (Sida cordifolia) including its classification, characteristics, uses, and preparations according to Ayurvedic texts. It belongs to the Malvaceae family and is found throughout India. The roots, leaves, and seeds are used medicinally. According to texts like the Charaka Samhita, it is useful for treating bleeding disorders, diabetes, nervous conditions, and as a tonic. Preparations include Bala taila for external use and Bala rasayana as a rejuvenative. It has cooling, moistening, and vata-reducing properties and can treat diseases related to vata and pitta doshas.
This document provides information about the mineral Hingula (cinnabar) in several languages. It describes cinnabar's chemical composition, typical physical properties like color and hardness, common locations where it is found, traditional and artificial methods of preparation, various medical uses in formulations, and ways to identify it mineralogically. The key points are that cinnabar is a bright red mineral composed of mercury and sulfur, used historically as a pigment and source of mercury, and in Ayurveda it has rejuvenating, strength-building and aphrodisiac properties.
Chronic sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses that persists for over 90 days with residual symptoms. It is caused by respiratory infections, allergies, irritants like smoke, and other medical conditions. Common symptoms include nasal congestion, pain, discharge, and reduced smell. Ayurvedic treatments include nasal irrigation (neti), herbal steam inhalation (dhumapana), herbal nasal drops (nasya), herbal massage (mardana), and a diet of warm, spicy foods. Nasya is especially effective for clearing sinus openings and draining mucus through its hot, sharp, and light qualities.
This document provides a book review of "Rasa Prakasha Sudhakara" written in the 13th century AD by Acharya Yashodhara Bhatta. It discusses the contents and organization of the book which covers topics like Parada processing, bandhas, bhasmas, dhatus, maha rasas and upa rasas. The book consists of 13 chapters and provides detailed information on rasa shastra principles and treatments. It is considered an authoritative text on the subject.
YOGA REVIEW ON GUGGULU KALPANA - GOSHURADI GUGGULU AND PANCHATIKTAKA GUGGULU Anjana Narayanan
This document summarizes two Ayurvedic herbal formulations - Gokshuradi Guggulu and Panchathikthaka Guggulu.
Gokshuradi Guggulu contains nine ingredients used to treat disorders of the male reproductive and urinary systems. It has diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and aphrodisiac properties. Panchathikthaka Guggulu contains guggulu and five bitter herbs used to treat bone, joint, and skin diseases by reducing inflammation and toxicity. Both formulations are used according to Ayurvedic dosha theory and have been studied for treating conditions like nephropathy, urinary stones, and osteoarthritis.
This document discusses masi kalpana, a process for preparing carbonized medicinal drugs for external use. Masi kalpana preparations have two main preparation methods - closed and open. The closed method involves finely powdering the drug, placing it in a container, sealing it, and subjecting it to heat treatment. The open method involves roasting the powdered drug in an open pan with stirring until it turns black. Examples provided are triphala masi for treating wounds and hastidanta masi for conditions like khalitya. Masi kalpana has an infinite shelf life if stored properly in airtight containers.
Extractive metallurgy with special reference to SatwapatanaEbinuday
The document discusses various aspects of extractive metallurgy, with a focus on satwapatana. It defines key terms like extractive metallurgy and satwapatana. It describes different types of extractive metallurgy like pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. It provides examples of satwapatana processes for minerals like abhraka, vaikaranta, makshika and vimala. The document also notes observations recorded in ancient texts regarding signs that indicate when the satwa has been extracted.
This document discusses breastfeeding and breast milk. It begins by defining ideal breast size and shape for feeding according to ancient texts. It then describes breast anatomy and physiology, including changes during pregnancy and lactation. The document outlines the composition and types of breast milk at different stages. It discusses the physiology and reflexes involved in lactation and milk production. Common breastfeeding problems and techniques are also summarized.
This document discusses Rasa Sindura, a Kupipakwa Rasa preparation mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. It describes the types of Kupipakwa Rasa Kalpa, the ingredients and properties of Rasa Sindura, recommended dosages according to age, appropriate anupanas (adjuvants) for various diseases, and the conclusion that Rasa Sindura can treat many conditions when administered with the right anupana based on the disease. The document references several Ayurvedic texts to support the information provided on Rasa Sindura.
The document discusses the history and development of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). It began as an effort to standardize Ayurvedic medicines and formulations according to classical texts. The API is published in parts, with Part 1 containing monographs of single drugs and Part 2 containing standards for compound formulations. The API aims to set quality standards for Ayurvedic medicines to ensure safety and efficacy and allow regulation under drug laws. It contains descriptions, identification tests, constituents, and physicochemical standards for raw drugs and finished formulations. The API helps implement quality control of Ayurvedic medicines manufactured and sold in India.
This document provides information about Ativisha, Gugglu and Haridra & Daruharidra. It describes the synonyms, varieties, morphology, useful parts, guna karma, dosage and important formulations for each herb. Ativisha is known to be deepaneeya, pachaneeya and sangrahika. Gugglu's useful part is the oleoresin from its bark, which contains compounds like guggulsterones. Haridra and Daruharidra have similar properties and are both used for their anti-inflammatory and laxative effects. Their typical dosage forms include fresh juice, powder and various herbal formulations.
Suvarna prashan sanskar is one of the 16 essential rituals described in ayurveda for children.
It is a process in which Suvarna bhasma (purified ash of gold) is administered with fortified ghee prepared with herbal extracts, and honey in liquid or semisolid form.
Benefits of suvarna prashan :
1. Suvarna prashan increases immunity power and developes resistance against common infections, thus prevents children from falling ill very oftenly.
2. It builds physical strength in children and enhances physical activites, and also improves stamina for the same.
3. Regular doses of Suwarna prashan improves child’s intellect, grasping power, sharpness, analysis power, memory recalling in an unique manner.
4. It kindles digestive fire, improves digestion and decreases related complaints.
5. Suvarna prashan also improves child’s appetite.
6. It helps to nurture early physical and mental development.
7. It developes an inbuilt strong defense mechanism in kids which acts as a safety sheild against diseases and complaints occuring due to seasonal change and other prevailing infections.
8. It helps body to recover early in case of any illness.
9. It guards children from various allergies.
10. It protects children from ailments occuring during teething phase.
11. Tones up skin colour.
Rasa Sindoora is an important Sagandha kalpana of Parada. The drug is fascinating both due to its method of preparation and its uses. This presentation aims at bringing into light the clinical uses of Rasa sindoora mentioned by Rasa tarangani.
4 Major Aspects of Achara Rasayana (Mental Discipline) In Psychosomatic Disor...Ayurveda Retreat
The term Achara signifies the physical and mental conduct of an individual and it has been designate as a Rasayana i.e, a vitalizer agent for the entire span of life. This is a measure having no involvement of drugs, may replenish and maintain the total life process free from ailments.
The concept of Achara Rasayana for better understanding can be divided under the following aspect.
> Psychological Aspect
> Social and Behavioral Aspect
> Religious and Spiritual Aspect
> Personal Aspect
1. Psychological Aspects
Satyavadi – one who speaks truth
Akrodhi – who is free from anger
Ahimsaka – who hurts no one
Anayasa – avoids over strain
Prashanta – is tranquil of heart
Priyavadi – fair spoken
Japa para – devoted in repetition of holy chants
Asankeernam – devoid of narrow mindedness
2. Social and Behavioral Aspects
Satyavadi – one who speaks truth
Nivruttam Madhya maithunath – who abstains from alcohol and sexual desires
Deva go brahmana guru vruddha archana ratam – delights in reverencing gods, cows, elders and teachers.
Anrusham – who is attached to non-violence
Anahankrutam – free from egoism
Upasitaram vruddhanam – who is attached to elders
3. Religious and Spiritual Aspects
Dharmashastraparam – who always respects dharmagranthas
Adhyatma pravanendriyam – who indulges in spiritual texts
Tapaswinam – who meditates
4. Personal Aspects
Shouchaparam – who maintains cleanliness
Samajagarana swapna – moderate in waking and sleep
Nityam ksheera grithashinam – who consumes milk and ghee everyday
Desha kala prmanagnam – who is having proper knowledge of desha and kala
Jitatmanam – having self control
We customize treatment programs specific to your health needs!
Email us at info@ayurveda.org or
Call us at +91 423-2231912, +91 999-4779422, +1 817-939-5843 (USA Office)
Kupipakwa Rasayan by Mohd Ehsan B.Pharm(Ayurveda) Mohd Ehsan
The document discusses Kupipakwa rasayan, a unique Ayurvedic preparation. It begins by providing historical context for the development of rasashastra as a branch of Ayurveda. It then defines key terms like kajjali, jarana, and murcchana used in the Kupipakwa process. The document outlines the typical materials, steps, and observations involved in the preparation method. These include using a kupi vessel placed in a valuka yantra and applying different levels of heat. The summary concludes that Kupipakwa rasayan formulations are effective treatments due to the high heat applied during processing.
This document provides information on Kupi Pakwa preparations in Ayurveda. It discusses the evolution and history of Kupi Pakwa in classical texts from the 13th century to the 19th century. It covers the specifications, classifications, methodology, and rationale behind where the finished product is deposited. Several common Kupi Pakwa preparations are described including their ingredients and references. The document concludes by discussing the therapeutic uses and market availability of these preparations.
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
This document provides information on the herb Bala (Sida cordifolia) including its classification, characteristics, uses, and preparations according to Ayurvedic texts. It belongs to the Malvaceae family and is found throughout India. The roots, leaves, and seeds are used medicinally. According to texts like the Charaka Samhita, it is useful for treating bleeding disorders, diabetes, nervous conditions, and as a tonic. Preparations include Bala taila for external use and Bala rasayana as a rejuvenative. It has cooling, moistening, and vata-reducing properties and can treat diseases related to vata and pitta doshas.
This document provides information about the mineral Hingula (cinnabar) in several languages. It describes cinnabar's chemical composition, typical physical properties like color and hardness, common locations where it is found, traditional and artificial methods of preparation, various medical uses in formulations, and ways to identify it mineralogically. The key points are that cinnabar is a bright red mineral composed of mercury and sulfur, used historically as a pigment and source of mercury, and in Ayurveda it has rejuvenating, strength-building and aphrodisiac properties.
Chronic sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses that persists for over 90 days with residual symptoms. It is caused by respiratory infections, allergies, irritants like smoke, and other medical conditions. Common symptoms include nasal congestion, pain, discharge, and reduced smell. Ayurvedic treatments include nasal irrigation (neti), herbal steam inhalation (dhumapana), herbal nasal drops (nasya), herbal massage (mardana), and a diet of warm, spicy foods. Nasya is especially effective for clearing sinus openings and draining mucus through its hot, sharp, and light qualities.
This document provides a book review of "Rasa Prakasha Sudhakara" written in the 13th century AD by Acharya Yashodhara Bhatta. It discusses the contents and organization of the book which covers topics like Parada processing, bandhas, bhasmas, dhatus, maha rasas and upa rasas. The book consists of 13 chapters and provides detailed information on rasa shastra principles and treatments. It is considered an authoritative text on the subject.
YOGA REVIEW ON GUGGULU KALPANA - GOSHURADI GUGGULU AND PANCHATIKTAKA GUGGULU Anjana Narayanan
This document summarizes two Ayurvedic herbal formulations - Gokshuradi Guggulu and Panchathikthaka Guggulu.
Gokshuradi Guggulu contains nine ingredients used to treat disorders of the male reproductive and urinary systems. It has diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and aphrodisiac properties. Panchathikthaka Guggulu contains guggulu and five bitter herbs used to treat bone, joint, and skin diseases by reducing inflammation and toxicity. Both formulations are used according to Ayurvedic dosha theory and have been studied for treating conditions like nephropathy, urinary stones, and osteoarthritis.
This document discusses masi kalpana, a process for preparing carbonized medicinal drugs for external use. Masi kalpana preparations have two main preparation methods - closed and open. The closed method involves finely powdering the drug, placing it in a container, sealing it, and subjecting it to heat treatment. The open method involves roasting the powdered drug in an open pan with stirring until it turns black. Examples provided are triphala masi for treating wounds and hastidanta masi for conditions like khalitya. Masi kalpana has an infinite shelf life if stored properly in airtight containers.
Extractive metallurgy with special reference to SatwapatanaEbinuday
The document discusses various aspects of extractive metallurgy, with a focus on satwapatana. It defines key terms like extractive metallurgy and satwapatana. It describes different types of extractive metallurgy like pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. It provides examples of satwapatana processes for minerals like abhraka, vaikaranta, makshika and vimala. The document also notes observations recorded in ancient texts regarding signs that indicate when the satwa has been extracted.
This document discusses breastfeeding and breast milk. It begins by defining ideal breast size and shape for feeding according to ancient texts. It then describes breast anatomy and physiology, including changes during pregnancy and lactation. The document outlines the composition and types of breast milk at different stages. It discusses the physiology and reflexes involved in lactation and milk production. Common breastfeeding problems and techniques are also summarized.
This document discusses Rasa Sindura, a Kupipakwa Rasa preparation mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. It describes the types of Kupipakwa Rasa Kalpa, the ingredients and properties of Rasa Sindura, recommended dosages according to age, appropriate anupanas (adjuvants) for various diseases, and the conclusion that Rasa Sindura can treat many conditions when administered with the right anupana based on the disease. The document references several Ayurvedic texts to support the information provided on Rasa Sindura.
The document discusses the history and development of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). It began as an effort to standardize Ayurvedic medicines and formulations according to classical texts. The API is published in parts, with Part 1 containing monographs of single drugs and Part 2 containing standards for compound formulations. The API aims to set quality standards for Ayurvedic medicines to ensure safety and efficacy and allow regulation under drug laws. It contains descriptions, identification tests, constituents, and physicochemical standards for raw drugs and finished formulations. The API helps implement quality control of Ayurvedic medicines manufactured and sold in India.
This document provides information about Ativisha, Gugglu and Haridra & Daruharidra. It describes the synonyms, varieties, morphology, useful parts, guna karma, dosage and important formulations for each herb. Ativisha is known to be deepaneeya, pachaneeya and sangrahika. Gugglu's useful part is the oleoresin from its bark, which contains compounds like guggulsterones. Haridra and Daruharidra have similar properties and are both used for their anti-inflammatory and laxative effects. Their typical dosage forms include fresh juice, powder and various herbal formulations.
Suvarna prashan sanskar is one of the 16 essential rituals described in ayurveda for children.
It is a process in which Suvarna bhasma (purified ash of gold) is administered with fortified ghee prepared with herbal extracts, and honey in liquid or semisolid form.
Benefits of suvarna prashan :
1. Suvarna prashan increases immunity power and developes resistance against common infections, thus prevents children from falling ill very oftenly.
2. It builds physical strength in children and enhances physical activites, and also improves stamina for the same.
3. Regular doses of Suwarna prashan improves child’s intellect, grasping power, sharpness, analysis power, memory recalling in an unique manner.
4. It kindles digestive fire, improves digestion and decreases related complaints.
5. Suvarna prashan also improves child’s appetite.
6. It helps to nurture early physical and mental development.
7. It developes an inbuilt strong defense mechanism in kids which acts as a safety sheild against diseases and complaints occuring due to seasonal change and other prevailing infections.
8. It helps body to recover early in case of any illness.
9. It guards children from various allergies.
10. It protects children from ailments occuring during teething phase.
11. Tones up skin colour.
Rasa Sindoora is an important Sagandha kalpana of Parada. The drug is fascinating both due to its method of preparation and its uses. This presentation aims at bringing into light the clinical uses of Rasa sindoora mentioned by Rasa tarangani.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
3. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
HIMACHAL PRADESH WHICH IS CURRENTLY A VERY BEAUTIFUL HILL STATE WASONCE A CHIEF
COMMISSIONERPROVINCE.AFTERA LOT OFSTRUGGLE THE CHIEFCOMMISSIONER PROVINCEWAS
CONVERTEDINTOUNION TERRITORY & FINALLYIN 1948 THE FORMATION OFHIMACHAL PRADESH
TOOK PLACE.
ALSO,IWANTTO SHARE THE FACT THAT THE FIRSTRULING PARTYIN HP WASTHE CONGRESSPARTY.
ANDMY FATHER SAYS THAT IT IS STILL THE BEST POLITICALPARTY,BUT THE PRESENTLEADERS ARE NOT
WORKINGLIKE THE OLD LEADERS LIKE BAPU KANSHIRAMDID.MY FATHER SAYS THAT WHAT WE CALL
HIMACHAL PRADESHA STATE TODAY WAS ONLY POSSIBLETHROUGH THE EFFORTSOF THE CONGRESS
PARTY & HE ALSOAPPLAUDSTHE EFFORTSMADE BY PRIME MINISTER INDIRA GANDHIAT THAT TIME.
ANDHE ALSOWANTS THAT CONGRESSPARTY COMES BACKMUCH MORE STRONGER WHICH IS
POSSIBLEIF LEADERS ANDPARTY WORKERSCONTRIBUTE THEIR EACH DAY TO SOCIALCAUSESAND
CURRENT POLITICALISSUES IN THE HIMACHAL PRADESHSTATE.
FROM1948 WHAT WE SEE TODAY IS BECAUSE OF THE CONTIBUTION OFTHE CONGRESSPARTY & ITS
WORKERS.SO,PEOPLELIKEME STILL HOPE THAT CONGRESSPARTY RULES OUR STATE AGAIN ANDWORK
FOR BETTERMENT OF OUR SOCIALSTATUS,PROVIDESUSGOOD JOBPROSPECTS& MAKE HIMACHAL AN
ABODE OFGOD AGAIN.
THE PARTYLEADERS MUST SELECT DEDICATED STAFFAND WORKERSTO ABIDE THE PARTYORDERS AND
WORK DAY & NIGHT TO MAKE HIMACHAL PRADESH A BETTER PLACE FOR ITS RESIDENTSRATHER THAN
SELLING LANDTO MNC’SAND INVESTORS.
4. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
IMPORTANTDATES
1. 15 APRIL1948 : BIRTH OF HIMACHAL PRADESHAS A CHIEF COMMISSIONER
PROVINCE(CCP).BILASPURWASALSOMADE A SEPARATE(CCP) ON THIS DATE.BEFORE THIS
HIMACHAL WASFRAGMENTED INTO26 THAKURIAS/PRINCELYSTATES.THENUMBER OF
DISTRICTSAT THIS TIME WAS 04 ie.MAHASU,MANDI,HAMIRPUR&CHAMBA.
.BUT,KANGRA,UNA,HAMIRPUR,KULLU,LAHUALSPITI,DALHOUSIE,SHIMLA,SOLAN WEREUNDER
PUNJABOR PEPSU(THE PATIALA &EAST PUNJABSTATES UNION).
5. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
2. 1 JULY 1954 : BILASPURWAS MERGED INTO HP.THE DELAY OF THE MERGER WAS THE CONSTRU
CTION OF BHAKRA NANGALHYDRO PROJECT.RAJA ANANDCHANDWASITSLAST RULER.THE
NUMBER OF DISTRICTSNOW AROUSETO 05.PRIORTO THIS IT WASA” PART C “STATE.
3. 1 MAY 1960 : KINNAUR(CHINNIAREA) +14 VILLAGES OFRAMPUR WERE MERGED & THE
NUMBER OF DISTRICTSROUSE TO 06.
4. 1 November1966 : PUNJABHILL DISTRICTSOF KANGRA,KULLU,LAHUAL-SPITIWEREMERGED
WITH HIMACHAL.ALSO,THEAREASSHIMLA, KANDAGHAT,DALHOUSIE,NALAGARHWERE
MERGED AT THIS TIME& SOLAN WAS MADE A DISTRICT OUT OF MAHASU. & THE NUMBER OF
DISTRICTSROUSE TO 09.
5. 1 September1972 : KANGRA WASBIFURCATED . HAMIRPUR & UNA WERE MADE SEPARATE
DISTRICTS& THE NUMBER OF DISTRICTSAROUSE TO 12.
6. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
STAR POINTS
1. NUMBER OF ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES : 68.
2. NUMBER OF PARLIAMENTARYCONSTITUENCIES:04.
ie.KANGRA,HAMIRPUR,MANDI,SHIMLA.
3. BASIN WISE HYDRO POTENTIAL: SATLUJ(10445 MW).,BEAS(5339 MW).,CHENAB(3453
MW).,RAVI(2952MW).,YAMUNA(811 MW).
4. TRIBUTARIES OF 7LUJ RIVER/SPITIRIVERISTILENG KHAD.
5. CENTRL AIDED HYDRO PROJECTS:
A. PARVATI-3 520 MW ON PARVATI/SAINJRIVER.
B. CHAMERA-1 540 MW ON RAVIRIVER.
C. CHAMERA-2 300 MW ON RAVIRIVER.
D. CHAMERA-3 231 MW ON RAVIRIVER.
E. BAIRA SIUL 180 MW 0N BERA SIUL,BLEDH RIVER.
F. KOL DAM 800 MW ON SATLUJ RIVER.
G. RAMPUR……………412MW ON SATLUJ.
H. NATHPA JHAKRI(?) ……1500MW 7LUJ.
I. PONGDAM 396 MW BEAS.
J. BHAKRA(LEFT),(RIGHT) :785 MW 7LUJ.
7. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
TRIBUTARIES OF MAJOR RIVERS,VEDICNAMES , SANSKRITNAMES.
BEAS
VEDICNAME : ARIJIKIYA.
SANSKRITNAME: VIPASHA.
ORIGIN : BEAS KUND IN ROHTANG PASS IN PIRPANJAL RANGES.
TRIBUTARIES: UHAL,PARVATI,HURLA,SAINJ,SUKETI,LUNI,BAAN
GANGA,VINVA,CHAKKI,NEUGAL,GAJ,DEHAR,MANKHAD.
CHENAB
VEDICNAME: ASKINI.
SANSKRITNAME: CHANDRABHAGA.
ORIGIN: TWO OPPOSITESTEAMS CHANDRA & BHAGA SATARTINGFROM
BARALACHA PASS MEETING AT A POINTIN VILLAGETANDIIN LAHUAL.
TRIBUTARIES: MIYAR NALA,SAICHARNALA.
RAVI
VEDICNAME: PURUSHANI.
SANSKRITNAME: IRAVATI.
ORIGIN: MADE UP OF TWO GLACIERSBADAL(IN KANGRA)&TANTGIRI.
TRIBUTARIES : BADAL,SIUL,BAIRA,TANT,GIRI,CHIRCHINDNALA.
SATLUJ
VEDIC NAME : SUTUDRI.
SANSKRITNAME: SHATUDRA.
ORIGIN : ORIGINATESFROMRAKSHASTAALNEARMANSAROVARLAKEIN
TIBET.
TRIBUTARIES : BASPA,SPITI,NAGOLI,SWAN.
YAMUNA
VEDICNAME : KALINDI.
SANSKRITNAME: -
ORIGIN : ORIGINATESFROMYAMUNOTRI GLACIERIN GARHWAL IN
UTTRAKHAND.
TRIBUTARIES : TONNES,PABBAR,GIRI,ANDHRA BATHA,JALAL.
16. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
LITERATURE AUTHOR
HP-PAST,PRESENT&FUTURE-1 JALAK. DEVRAJ SHARMA.
HP PARICHAY. “
HIMALAYAN POLYANDRY DM MAJUMDAAR.
KINNAR DESH RAHUL SANSKRITAYAN.
HP PARICHAY RAHUL “
KINNERLOK SAHITYA BANSHIRAM SHARMA.
HIMALAYAN BORDERLAND RAMRAHUL.
HIMALAYAN ABODE OFLIGHT NIKOLAS RORICK.
HISTORY OF PUNJABHILL STATES J.HASSICHAN
HISTORY OF MANDI VIKRAM KAYASTH.
HISTORY OF MANDISTATES MANMOHAN SINGH.
HIMALAYAN DISTRICT OFKULLU & LAHUAL SPITI A.P.FHARKORT.
KANGRA PAINTING A.P.FRANDHAWA.
HIMALAYAN ART J.C FRANK
ST OF HP TC NEGI.
HP ITIHAAS,SANSKRITI&ARTHVAYAVASTHA MIYA GOVARDHAN SINGH.
BUDDIHIST MONESTARY IN HP O.CHANDA.
PAHADICHITRAKALA KISHORI LAL VAIDYA.
HP-ITSSHAPE & STATE V.SPARMAR.
TARIK-E-RIYASAT–SIRMAUR. RANJOUR SINGH.
DHARTI HAIBALIDAN KI SHANTA KUMAR.
PAHADBEGANE NAHIHONGE “
HIMALAYA PAR LAL SHANYA “
COUNTRY LIFE NORAHRICHARDS.
17. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
BILASPURDESH KIKAHANI AKSHARSINGH.
KULLUT DESH KIKAHANI LAL CHANDRA PARTHI.
PRACHIN HP LP PANDEY.
MUKHTASAR-TAARIK-E-RIYASAT-CHAMBA GARIB KHAN.
BILASPUR-PAST,PRESENT&FUTURE ANANDCHAND.
HIMALAYAN CIRCUIT G.D.KHOSLA.
KAMNIYA KINNAUR R.K.KAUSHAL.
LIFE OF RAJA SHAMSHER PRAKASHOFSIRMAUR BAAL GOVIND.
TRAVEL IN THE HP PROVINCEOFHINDOSTAN. MOORCRAFT.
WONDERLANDHP JAGMOHAN BALOKRA
VEDICARYA AUR HP M.R.THAKUR.
HIMALAYA PUTRA KINNUARKI LOKGATHAEIN SHARAB NEGI.
FAMOUS PERSONS& TITLES, FAMOUS PLACES.
SINDHIGANDHI KRISHNANANDSWAMI.
PAHADIGANDHI BABA KANSHIRAM.
PAHADA-DA-BULBUL “
PAHADIFRONTIERGANDHI BHAJJU MAL.
KAVIRAJ PANDIT PADAMDEV.
ARCHITECT OF HP Dr.Y.S.PARMAR.
MAHARISHI NICHOLASRORICK.
SARDAR-E-JUNG MAJOR MEHAR DAS.
TAGMA-E-SHATRUNASH CAPT.BAKSHIPRATAPSINGH.
SHER-E-HIND. SHRI HARI SINGH.
18. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
BAAGI CAPT.7TYA PRAKASH.
CHOTTA RAJA GENERAL ZORAWAR SINGH.
VARANASIOFHP,CHOTIKASHI MANDI.
LITTLE TIBBET LAHUAL SPITI
MINI LAHASA DHARAMSALA
LANDOF GRAPES RIBBA(KINNUAR).
VALLEY OF HONEY & MILK CHAMBA GHATTI.
LANDOF CHAURASITEMPLES,SHIV BHOOMI BHARMOUR.
VALLEY OF GODS. KULLU GHATI.
LAKE OF THE MOON CHANDRATAAL.
LAKE OF DIRTY H20 KARALISHIMLA.
FAMOUS TEMPLES
CHAMBA
SHAKTIDEVI/SHATRARI CHAMBA
LAKSHANA DEVI “BHARMOUR,CHAMBA
MANIMAHESH BHARMOUR/CHAMBA.
GANESHA TEMPLE BHARMOUR/CHAMBA.
NARSINGHMANDIR BHARMOUR.
HARI RAITEMPLE CHAMBA
LAKSMI NARAYAN CHAMBA.
CHAURASI BHARMOUR.
25. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
SIRMAUR
TRILOKPUR MELA
RENUKA MELA
BADDAN DWARDASHISARAHA
UNA
PIPLU
CHINTPURINI
BADHBAGH SINGH MELA MAINDI
HISTORY
CONQUESTS& SUBSEQUENT RULERS THERE ON…
3000-2500 b.c
THE ARYAN KINGDEVDAASARRIVED FROMMIDDLE ASIA & A BATTLE TOOK PLACEBETWEEN HIM &
KIRATKING SAMBHAR.THISBATTLE CONTINUEDFOR 40 YEARS.IT ISMENTIONED IN RIGVEDA.
326 B.C
SIKANDERSON OF MAKADUNI’SKINGPHILIPATTACKEDPUNJAB.HEFOUGHT WITH KINGPOROUS ON
THE BANKOFRIVER JHELUM.BUT,POROUS WAS DEFEATED.LATER THE TROOPSOF SIKANDERAFTER
REACHINGBEAS REFUSED TO GO FURTHER.BUT,TO SHOWCASETHE LAST CONQUEREDBATTLE FOUGHT
HE BUILT 12 PILLARSTHERE.
550 A.D.
THE SURYAVANSHIKINGRAJPUTMARUVARMAN ESTABLISHED PROVINCE CHAMBA.
26. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
630 A.D.
BATTLE B/W HANDUR(NALLAGARH) &BILASPUR.
765 A.D.
THE GRANDCHILDOF THE SEN VANSHOF BENGAL” VEER SEN”ESTABLISHED PROVINCE“SUKET”.
900 A.D.
BIR CHANDESTB. BEHLUR(BILASPUR) PROVINCE.HISCAPITALWASIN NAINA DEVIWHICHWAS SHIFTED
TO VYASPUR(BILASPUR).
920 A.D.
SAHIL VERMAN ESTB. CHAMBA CITY.HE NAMED THIS CITY BY THE NAME OF HIS DAUGHTER
CHAMPAVATI.HERELOCATEDTHE CAPITALOFCHAMBA FROM BRAHMAPUR TO CHAMBA CITY.
1000 A.D.
TOMAR RAJPUT JETHPALESTB. NURPUR RIYASAT.
1009 A.D.
MEHMUD GHAJNAVIUPON HIS4TH
CONSECUTIVEATTACKCAPTUREDKILA OFKANGRA.
1100 A.D.
AJAYCHANDESTB. HANDUR (NALAGARH).
27. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1139 A.D.
RAJA RASALU ESTB. SIRMAUR (SULOKINA)STATE.
1154 A.D.
ABOJHDEV ESTB. KUNIHAARSTATE.
1170.A.D.
PURAB CHANDESTB. JASWAN STATE.
1200 A.D.
BAHU SEN ESTB. MANDI RIYASAT&BRAHMIN JASPALESTB. KUTLEHAR STATE.
1337 A.D.
MOHAMMAD BIN TUGHLAK CAPTURED KANGRA FORT.
1365 A.D.
FIROZSHAH TUGHLAK ATTACKEDKANGRA FORT.HECARRIED WITH HIM 300 SANSKRITBOOKSFROM
THE JWALAMUKHITEMPLE TO BE TRANSLATEDINTO PHARSI.
1398 A.D.
TAIMUR LANGATTACKED PAHARISTATES.
1405 A.D.
HARICHANDESTB. GULER STATE.
28. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1450 A.D.
SHIVRAJCHANDESTB. SIBBA STATE.
1514 A.D.
GURU NANAKDEV JI VISITEDHP.
1527 A.D.
AJBARSEN ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF BEAS RIVERESTB. MANDI STATE & STARTED SHIVRATRIMELA.
1550 A.D.
DATTARCHAND ESTB. DATTARPURSTATE.
1620 A.D.
0N 16TH
/NOV/1620 AKBAR’S SON JAHANGIR ALONG WITH HIS ARMY CAPTURED KANGRA FORT.IN
1621 WITHIN THE KANGRA FORT JAHANGIR CONSTRUCTED A MASJID.
1654 A.D.
DEEP CHAND ESTB. BILASPURSTATE.
1667 A.D.
JAICHANDESTB. THIOG STATE.
1685 A.D.
GURU GOVINDSINGH VISITEDMANDI.
29. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1686 A.D.
GURU GOVINDSINGH FOUGHT WITH RAJA BHIMCHAND OFBILASPUR IN BANGANI(poantasahib,distt
sirmaur).gurugovindsinghji won.
1697 a.d.
Alamchand estb.Alampurstate.
1700 a.d.
Hamirchand estb.Hamirpurdistt.
1712 a.d.
Garud senestb.Sundarnagarcity(baner).
1748 a.d.
Abaychand estb.Sujanpurcity.
1786 he battlea.d.
In the battle of nareti shahpur kangra’sraja Sansar chand 2 defeatedchamba’srajaraj singh.
1805 a.d.
Gorkha commanderamar singhthapa attacked kangra fort.
1809 a.d.
ON 20 JULY/1809 A PEACE-MAKINGCONTACTTREATYON JWALAMUKHI WASSIGNED B/W MAHARAJA
RANJITSINGH& SANSARCHAND-2 .MAHARAJA RANJITSINGH’SARMYDEFEATED AMARSINGH THAPA
& CAPTURED KANGRA FORT.DESHA SINGH MAGITHIYA WAS APPOINTEDTHE 1ST
NIZAMOFTHE
KANGRA FORT BY HIM.
30. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1815 A.D.
IN THE CAPTAINCYOFMJ.GEN’L DAVIDOCTERLONIBRITISH ARMY DEFEATED GORKHA COMMANDER
AMAR SINGHTHAPA.ON 28TH
NOVEMBER 1815 BRITISHERS& AMARSINGH THAPA SIGNED SAGOLI
TREATY.
1822 A.D.
MAJ.KENNEDYESTB. SHIMLA REGION.
1824 A.D.
KANGRA’S KING SANSARCHAND-2 DIED.
1827 A.D.
LORD M.HERTZ WAS THE 1ST
GOVERNOR– GENERAL TO VISIT SHIMLA.
1832 A.D.
SHIMLA’S BONOURSCORT BUILDING WAS CONSTRUCTED.IN THE PRESENT TIMES THE GOVERNOROF
HP LIVESIN THIS HOUSE.
1844 A.D.
UNITED SERVICECLUB WAS ESTB. IN SHIMLA.
1846 A.D.
ON 9 MAY 1846 . IN THE LAHORE TREATY 1ST
SIKH –BRITISH WARCAME TO AN END.
KANGRA,GULER,JASWAN,DATARPUR,NURPUR,SUKET,MANDI,KULLU,LAHUAL-SPITICAMEUNDER
BRITISH GOVT.
31. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1851 A.D.
HINUSTAN-TIBETNATIONALHIGHWAYCONSWORK STARTED.
1852 A.D.
SHIMLA NAGARPALIKA WAS ESTB.
1854 A.D.
LORD DALHOUSIE ESTB. DALHOUSIE CITY.
1857 A.D.
IN 1857 DURING THE 1ST
REBELLION /1ST
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE NASIRIBATTALION LEADBY SUBEDAR
BHIM SINGHALONGWITH HIS ARMY PROTESTED AGAINSTBRITISHIN SHIMLA’SJATOG.
1859 A.D.
BISHOPCOTTON SCHOOLWAS SET-UP IN SHIMLA.
1864 A.D.
SHIMLA WAS MADE THE SUMMER CAPITALTHROUGH THE EFFORTS OF THE VICEROY SIR JOHN
LAWERENCE.
1870 A.D.
R.C.LEE IN KULLU TRIED TO PLANTBRITISH QUALITY APPLES.
1871 A.D.
LORD MAYO CAME TO SHIMLA.
32. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1876 A.D.
AGAINSTWAZIRGHULAM KADIRKHAN PEOPLE REVOLTED IN HANDUR(NALAGARH).
1877 A.D.
VIJAYSEN CONS.VICTORIA BRIDGE ACROSSBEASRIVER IN MANDI.
1878 A.D.
BHOOMI ANDOLAN TOOKPLACEAGAINSTSIRMOUR’S KINGSHAMSHER PRAKASH.
1883 A.D.
MASS AGITATION & PROTESTAGAINST IN THE FORMOF JUGGA ANDOLAN AGAINSTRAJA
AMARCHAND.
1887 A.D.
GAIETY THEATRE SET-UP IN SHIMLA.
1895 A.D.
PROTESTS AGAINST RAJA RAM SINGHBY THE FARMERSFROM BHATTIYATVAZIRATIN CHAMBA
AGAINSTTAXON LAND.
1903 A.D.
96.54 km.LONG KALKA-SHIMLA RAILWAYLINE INAUGURATEDBY LORD CURZON.LALA RAMNARAYAN
FROMSOLAN WAS ITS 1ST
PASSENGER.
1905 A.D.
4/4/1905 DEVASTINGEARTHQUAKE IN KANGRA.
33. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1906 A.D.
DUJAMANDOLAN IN RAMPUR BUSHAR.
1908 A.D.
BHURI SINGHSANGRAHALAYA SET-UPIN CHAMBA.
1909 A.D.
MANDI PEOPLEREVOLTED AGAINSTRAJA & MINISTER PAGHA JEEVANAND.
1914-15 A.D.
GADAR PARTYBRANCHSET-UP IN MANDI.
1921 A.D.
ON 11 MAY 1921 MAHATMA GANDHI VISITEDSHIMLA FOR THE FIRSTTIME & STAYED IN SHANTIKUTIR
SUMMERHILL.
1926A.D.
113 K.MLONG PATHANKOT-JOGINDERNAGARRAILWAYLINEINAUGURATED.ITS WORKCOMPLETED IN
1929 A.D.& SOIT WASOPENED FORTRAVELERS,
1927 A.D.
A POLTICALMEET WAS ORG. IN SUJANPURTIRA BY CONGRESS PARTYWHERE PAHARIGANDHIBABA
KANSHIRAMDECIDED TOWEAR ONLY BLACKCLOTHES UNTIL & UNLESS INDIA BECOMES FREE.
1930 A.D.
PROTEST AGAINSTTHE LAST RULER OF BILASPURANANDCHAND –DANDRA ANDOLAN.
34. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1932 A.D.
CHAMBA PEOPLEDEFENCE LEAGUE WAS ESTB. IN LAHORE.
1936 A.D.
CHAMBA SEVAKSANGHWASESTB.
1938 A.D.
IN THE LEADERSHIP OF PANDITJAWARLALNEHRU THE ESTB. OF THE SHIMLA HILL STATESHIMALAYAN
RIYASATIPRAJA MANDALTOOKPLACE IN ALL INDIA STATESPEOPLE’SCONFERENCE.
1939 A.D.
SIRMOUR PRAJA MANDALKI STHAPANA.ON 13JULY 1939 THE SHIMLA HILL STATES HIMALAYA RIYASATI
PRAJAMANDAL’SLEADER BHAGMAL SOTHA SET-UP DHAMI RIYASAT.16JULY 1939 GOLI KANDIN
DHAMMI OCCURRED.
1942 A.D.
IN 1942 ALONGWITH BHARAT CHODO ANDOLAN PAJOTA ANDOLANIN THE LEADERSHIPOF SURAT RAM
TOOK PLACEIN THE KISAN SABHA TO ORG. FREE GOVT.SLOGAN OFSABHA WAS “BHAIDO NAA PAI.”
1944 A.D.
SIRMOUR RIYASATIPRAJA MANDALWAS ESTB.
1946 A.D.
HIMALAYAN HILL STATES REGIONALCOUNCIL WAS SET-UP.ISTADIVESHAN 8-10 MARCH 1946 A.D.IN
THE LEADERSHIPOF SWAMI PURANANDIN MANDICONFERENCE.
35. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1947 A.D.
ON 17 AUG 1947 THIOG BECAME THE 1ST
PAHARIRIYASATTO BE INCLUDED IN BHARATIYA SANGH.
1948 A.D.
ON 26 JAN IN THE LEADERSHIPOF SHIVANANDRAMOL UNSTALE GOVT.WAS SET-UP IN HP.
26-28 JAN .BAGAT’SLASTRULER RAJA DURG CHANDORG AN EVENT IN SOLAN.ALLPAHARIPROVINCES
NAMED HP.ON 18 FEB SUKET 7TYAGRAH IN THE LEADERRSHIP OF PANDITPADAMDEV.15/04/1948 30
PAHARIPROVINCES/RIYASATSWEREADDED TO MAKE HP STATE.O4 DISTT.WERE THERE-
CHAMBA,MAHASU,MANDI,SIRMAUR.
1951 A.D.
HP WAS MADE G CATEGORY STATE.
1952 A.D.
ON 1 MARCH 1952 MAJORGENERAL HIMMAT SINGH WASMADE 1st
UPRAJYAPAL.ISTTIME ELECTION
FOR 36 SADASYA VIDHANSABHA CHUNAV.
1953 A.D.
H.P.COMPULSORY PRIMARYEDUCATION ACTPASSED.
1954 A.D.
FIFTH DISTT WHICH WAS G CAT, CHIEF COMMISSIONERPROVINCEWASADDEDTO HP ON 1 JULY 1954.
1956 A.D.
36. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1 NOV 1956 A.D.HP WAS MADE A CENTE RULED STATE.VIDHAN SABHA WASBROKEINTO 41MEMBER
KSHTRIYE PARISHAD.
ON 1 NOV 1956 HE STEPPED DOWN AS HP BECAME A UNION TERRITOY & WASPLACED UNDER AN
ADMINISTATORLT.GOVERNOR.
1957 A.D.
THAKUR KARAMSINGHWAS CHOOSEDTO BE THE HEAD OF THE 41 MEMBER KSHTERIYA PARISHADON
15 AUGUST 1957.
1960 A.D.
On 1 may 1960 MAHASU DISTRICT’SCHINNIAREA WAS MADE THE 6TH
DISTRICT OF HP KINNUAR.
1963 A.D.
0N 1 JULY 41 MEMBER KSHTERIYE PARISHADOFHP WAS CHANGEDINTO VIDHAN SABHA.
YASWANTSINGH PARMARAGAIN BECAME CM ON 1 JULY 1963.
1966 A.D.
ON 1ST
NOV.1966 AFTER THE RE ARRANGEMENT OF PUNJABSTATE-04 NEW DISTRICTS-
KANGRA,KULLU,SHIMLA,LAHUAL-SPITIWEREMADE. ALSO,SOME MORE AREA WASANNEXEDINTOHP
TERRITORY LIKE AMBALA STATE’SNALAGARHAREA,HOSHIARPUR’SUNA TEHSIL,GURDASPUR’S
DALHOUSIE & BAKLOH.
1970 A.D.
HP. UNIV.ESTB.
1971 A.D.
ON 25 JAN.1971 INDIA’S1ST
LADY PMSHR.INDIRA GANDHI& PAKISTANIPRESIDENT JULFIKARALI
BHUTTO SIGNED SHIMLA PACT.
37. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1/SEPT/1971 03 MORE TEHSIL’SWERE FORMED ie..HAMIRPUR,SOLAN,UNA.
1974 A.D.
ON 1 JAN 1974 HP PUBLIC PRASHASHAN SANSTHAN,FAIRLANCEWASESTB.
25 MARCH 1974 HP VAN NIGAMWAS SET-UP.
2 OCTOBER 1974 HP PATHPARIVAHAN NIGAMWASSET-UP.
1977 A.D.
IN THE LEADERSHIP OF SHANTA KUMAR FROMJANTA PARTYHP 1ST
NON CONGRESSGOVT.WAS
FORMED.
1978 A.D.
CHAUDRY SARVAN KUMAR KRISHIVISHWAVIDYALAYA PALAMPURWASSET-UP.
ON 3 MARCH 1978 AYURVEDICMEDICAL COLLEGE PAPROLA WASSET-UP.
SHIMLA NAGARNIGAMWASALSO SET-UP IN THIS YEAR.
1981 A.D.
ON 2 MAY 1981 HP’S1ST
CM DR.YASWANTSINGH PARMARDIED.
1983 A.D.
HP LOK AYUKT WAS SET-UP.SHRI.T.V.RTATACHARIWASTHE 1ST
LOKAYUKT.
1985 A.D.
DR. YASWANTSINGH PARMARVANIKI&UDYAN VISHWAVIDYALAYANAUNIWASSET-UP.
SANODAN HOSPITALSHIMLA WASRENAMED AFTERINDIRA GANDHI…MED COLLEGE.
38. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
1986 A.D.
IN THE LEADERSHIP OF THAKUR HEERA SINGHHP PRASHANIKADIKARAN WASFORMED.
1988 A.D.
TARGET OF ELECRTIFICATION IN HP WAS ACHIEVED.
1990 A.D.
ON 15 AUGUST 1990 ANTODYA ANNA YOJANA WASSTARTED.
1991 A.D.
ON 11 JAN 1991 14 KM LONG UNA-NANGALRAILWAYLINE(HP’SONE& ONLY BROADGAZERAILWAY
LINE)WASSET-UPWHICH WASINAUGURATED BY CENTRALRAILWAYMINISTER GYANESHARMISHRA.
1992 A.D.
IN THE LEADERSHIP OF SHANTA KUMAR BJP‘S 1ST
GOVT.ACC.TO.ARTICLE356 WASSHUT DOWN &
PREZ. RULE CAME INTOFORCE.
1993 A.D.
ON 10 MAY 1993 KULLU’S DIKKIDOLMA BECAME THE 1ST
GIRL OF SMALLEST AGE IN THE WORLD TO
CLIMB MOUNT EVEREST .
1998 A.D.
HP. ADINASTHSEWA CHAYAN BOARDHAMIRPUR WASSET-UP.
1999 AD.
39. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
HP CRICKETER RAJIV NAYYAR STAYED FORTHE LONGEST TIME ON CREEZ & SET-UP VISHWA KIRTIMAAN
FOR 1017 MINUTES.ALSOCAPTVIKRAMBATRA AFTER DEATH RIECVEDPARAMVIR
CHAKRA.ALSO,BILASPUR’SRIFLEMAN SANJAY KUMARREC. PARAMVIRCHAKRA.
2002 A.D.
ON 26 MAY PM SHRI ATALBIHARIVAJPAYEESET-UP 8.9 KM. LONG ROHTANGSURANG/CAVE.
IN MANCHESTER DURING THE 17th
NATIONALGAMESSIRMAUR’S SHAMSHER JUNG WON GOLD MEDAL
IN NISHANEBAAZI.
2005 A.D.
FIRST WINTERSESSION(SHEETKALIN) OFTHEVIDHAN SABHA TOOKPLACE IN SHIMLA.THIS HAPPENEDIN
DHARAMSALA’SPRAYASBHAWAN FROM26-29 DECEMBER .
2008
ON 05 FEB.2008 HP. GOVT. SET-UPE-GOVT. YOJANA.
ON 07 JULY 2008 UNESCO ‘S 96.54 KMLONG KALKA-SHIMLA RAILWAYLINEGOTTHE HONOUR OF
VISHWA DAROHAR.
IN AUGUST HP PRASHANAIK ADIKARAN WASBROKEN.
2009.
DIAMONDSTATE AWARD TO HP FOR GREEN REV & FOR ENV.,MACROECONOMYSTATUS.
2010
FIRST TEXTILE PARKSET UP IN THATHAL VILLAGE OF UNA DISTRICT .
ON 4 NOV 2010 TALLEST STATUE OF LORD HANUMANA (108 FEET) WASSET UP IN JAKHUTEMPLE.
ON 28 JUNE 8.8 KM. LONGEST ROHTANGSURANG WORK STARTED.
40. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
2011
HP LOK SEWA GUARANTEE ACTNIYAM-2011 WAS PASSED.
2012.
HADSOUR(HAMIRPR) SUB.VIJAYKUMARIN JULY-AUGUST 2012 IN LONDON OLYMPIC GAMES WON THE
RAJATMEDAL.
ON 04 NOV.2012 ELECTION FOR68 SEATSIN THE 12TH
VIDHAN SABHA TOOKPLACE & 75.43 % VOTERS
DID VOTINGAT THAT TIME WHO WERE AWAREOF THEIR POWER.
ON 25 DEC 2012 HP GOVERNORURMILA SINGHON RIGDE GROUND IN SHIMLA MADE VIRBADRAA
SINGH CM.HE BECAME THE 6TH
TIME CMOF HP.
2013
THE TIME DURATION FOR MIDDLE HIMALAYA’SJALGAMVIDHUAT YOJANA WASINCREASEDTO MARCH
2016.IST PERIOD OF THIS SCHEME (2005-2013) IN WHICH 602 PANCHAYATSWERE INCLUDED IN WHICH
365 CRORE RUPEES WERE SPENT.
2nd
SESSION (2013-2016)102 NEW PANCHAYATS(704) IN WHICH 235.75 CRORE SPENT.
2014
CENTRE GOVT. GRANTEDFUND OF 100 CRORE TO HP GOVT.FOR KANGRA’SKANDRORI&UNA IN
PANDOGA PLACEFOR ODYOGIKTOWNSHIP.
KULLU’S NAT.PARKGOT THE STATUS OF WORLD HERITAGE SITE.
20 YEAR OLD AAKRITI HEER FROMSULAYANINURPUR KANGRA WAS THE FIRST IN EUROPE TALLEST
.WORLD’S2ND
NUMBER TO CLIMB ALPS & COUNTRY’S 1ST
GIRL TO CLIMB SO.
2015
STATE TAX SHAREINCREASEDFROM 32 TO 42%.
41. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
SMALLEST IN HP
LEAST AREA REGION (HAMIRPUR).
LEAST POPULATED REGION (LAHUAL-SPITI).
SMALLEST RIVER (YAMUNA).
SMALLEST MAN MADE LAKE (PANDOH).
SMALLEST VANYA-JEEV ABHYARAN(SHILLI,SOLAN).
LOWEST LITERACY RATE(CHAMBA).
LEAST ABORTIONS(KINNUAR).
LEAST POPULATION DENSITY(LAHUAL-SPITI).
LEAST INCREMENT IN POP(LAH SPITI).
LEAST ANUSHUCHIT JATIJANSANKHYA JILA (LAHSPITI).
LEAST ANUCHUCHIT JAN JATIWALA ZILA (UNA).
LEAST ANUSHUCHIT JATIPRATISHATWALA ZILA (LAHUAL-SPITI).
LEAST ANUSHUCHIT JAN-JATIPRATISHATZILA (UNA).
LEAST CITY POPULATION ZILA (LAHUAL SPITI).
LEAST CRIME ZILA (LAHUAL SPITI).
LEAST LAGHU UDOYOG ZILA (KINNUAR).
SMALLEST PRASHANIKMANDAL(DHARAMSALA).
LEAST HEIGHT ABOVESEA LEVEL ZILA MUKHYALYA (BILASPUR).
SMALLEST NATIONALHIGHWAY (NH-907).
LEAST VOTERS IN VIHANSABHA KSHTERA (LAHUAL-SPITI).
LEAST AREA OF VIDHAN SABHA KSHTERA (SHIMLA-SHEHRI).
LEAST NO.OF GRAM PANCHAYATSIN ZILA (LAHUAL-SPITI).
42. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
MOST HEIGHTED + TALLEST IN HP.
COLD ROUGH REGION (SPITI).
MOST COLD & ROUGH DISTRICT(LAHUAL-SPITI).
HIGHEST RAINFALLREGION ( DHARAMSALA).
HIGHEST RAINFALLDISTRICT(KANGRA).
LONGEST HOT WATER SPRING(MANIKARAN).
MOST HEIGHTED VILLAGE(KIBBAR).
WORLD HIGHEST CRICKET STADIUM(CHAIL).
TALLEST BANDH (BHAKRA).
LONGEST BRIDGE (YAMUNA BRIDGE ).
ASIA’SMST HEIGHTED BRIDGE (KHERI-NALA).
MOST HEIGHTED DARRA (PARANGALA).
BIGGEST FRUIT BREEDING CENTRE (PARWANOO,SOLAN).
MOST AREA IN VIDHAN SABHA FROM( LAHUAL –SPITI).
HIGHEST NO.OF VOTERS REGION (SULAH).
HIGHEST NO.OF GRAMPANCHAYATS(KANGRA).
MOST HEIGHTED ZILA MUKHALYA ABOVESEA-LEVEL (KELANG,LAH-SPITI).
BIGGEST PRASHANIKMANDAL(MANDI).
HIGHEST PRODUCTION OFPOTATOES(SHIMLA).
HIGHEST PRODUCTION OFADRAK (SIRMAUR).
HIGHEST APPLEPRODUCE ( SHIMLA).
HIGHEST NO.OF UP-TEHSILSIN DISTRict(MANDI).
MOST OF THE LAGHU UDYOG DISTT(KANGRA).
MOST CRIME IN DISTRICT (KANGRA).
MOST CITY POPULATION IN DISTRICT(SHIMLA).
43. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
HIGHEST JAN-JATIPRATISHATIN DISTRICT(LAHUAL-SPITI)
HIGHEST JATIPRATISHATIN DISTRICT (SIRMAUR)
HIGHEST ANUSHUCHITJAN –JATI IN DISTRICT (CHAMBA)
HIGHEST ANUSHUCHITJATI IN DISTRICT(KANGRA).
MOST POPULATION INCREASE(UNA ).
MOST DENSELY POPULATED& HIGHEST RANKIN ABORTIONS(HAMIRPUR).
HIGHTEST IN ROAD NO.(KANGRA).
HIGHEST LITERACY RATE ( HAMIRPUR).
HIGHEST HYDRO PLANT(RONG-TONG/LAHUAL-SPITI).
LARGEST VANYA JEEV ABIYARAN (KIBBAR,LAHUAL-SPITI).
HIHEST HYDRO PARIOJNA (2051 MW,PARBATIPARIOJNA).
LONGEST NAT.HIGHWAY (HINDUSTAN-TIBET ,NH22 PARWANOO –KORIK.
ASIA LARGEST FISH BREEDING CENTRE (BILASPUR).
LARGEST AIRPORT(GAGAL)
LARGEST IRRIGATION SCHEME (SHAHNEHAR).
HIGHEST MOUNTAIN PEAK(SHILLA 7026 METERS).
HIGHEST LAKE( SURAJ TAAALLAKE).
HIHEST MANMADE LAKE (GOVINDSAGAR).
LARGEST NAT.LAKE (RENUKA ).
Largestglacier(shirgi,lah-spiti).
LONGEST RIVER(7LUJ).
HIGHEST RIVERIN TERMS OF WATER DENSITY (CHENAB).
POPULOUS DISTT (KANGRA).
LARGEST AREA ( LAH-SPITI).
44. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
FIRST IN HP
IST MUKHYA –AYUKT (n.c.mehta).
IST UP-MUKHYAAYUKT (E.P.MOON).
1ST
UP-RAJYAPAL(MAJORGENERALHIMMAT SINGH).
1ST
CM(Y.S.PARMAR).
1ST
GOVERNOR(S.CHAKRAVARTI).
1ST
WOMEN GOVERNOR(SHEELA KOUL ).
IST CHIEF JUSTICE (HAMMID ULLA VEG).
1ST
WOMEN CHIEF JUSTICE (LEELA SETH).
1ST
HEAD OF LOK SEWA AAYOG SHIMLA (LT.GEN.KSKATOCH).
IST HEAD HP ADINASTH SEWA YECHAYAN BOARD(K.C.MALHOTRA).
Ist VIDHAN SABHA HEAD(JAIVANTRAM).
FIRST WOMEN TO HEAD VIDHAN SABHA (VIDYA STOKES).
FIRST VIDHAN SABHA UP-ADYAKSH (KRISHANA CHAND).
FIRSRT MUKHYA-SACHIV (N.C.NANDI).
FIRST HEAD HP PRASHANIKADIKARAN(NAYEMURTI) HEER SINGHTHAKUR.
FIRST KULPATIHP KRISHIVISHWA VIDYALAYA PALAMPUR (DR. HETRAMKALIA ).
1ST KULPATI/
HEAD ,HP VANIKIANDUDYAN VISHWAVIDYALAYA NAUNI,SOLAN (M.R.THAKUR).
1ST
SHIKSHA NIDESHAK(K.LSETHI).
LOKSABHA’S1ST
WOMEN IN HP (RAJKUMARIAMRIT KAUR).
FIRST RAJYASABA MEMBER (CHIRANJILALVERMA).
FIRST VICTORIA CROSSWINNER(JAMMADAARLALA RAM).
1ST
PARAMVIRCHAKRA (MAJ.SOMNATHSHARMA).
1ST
MAHAVIRCHAKRA (LT.KARNALKAMAAN SINGH).
45. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
FIRST VEER CHAKRA (HAV.THOPGE).
1ST
POLICEMEDAL (GANGVIRSINGH).1986
HP SANSKRITIKSAHITYA VIJETA (MIYA GOVARDAN SINGH).
PAHARIGANDHIMEDAL (JAIDEV KIRAN).1989
CHANDRA DAR SHARMA GIULERI MEDAL (1986,LIT) KESAV
1ST
PARSHURAMMEDAL IN GAMES 1987 SUMAN RAWAT.
1ST
CLIMBER .EVEREST SUNIL SHARMA
FIRST PLAYERIN OLYMPC HOCKEY CHARANJEETSINGH
FIRST THAL SENA HEAD HP GEN.V.N.SHARMA.
1ST
SUCHNA AAYUKT (P.S.RANA).
1ST
NAYAIKAYUKT J.N.BANERJEE.
IST POLICEHEAD SR CHAUDRY.
HP GOVT. BUILT 1ST
VAN VIDUT(GIRI PARIOJNA ).
JAN JATIYE LOGO K UTHTHAN K LIYE 1ST
VAN-VIDUATYOJANA (RONG-TONG2 MW ).
1ST
BHOOMIGAT VIDUT YOJANA (SANJAYVIDUATYOJANA ).
1ST
LOKSEWA CHUNAV (1951).
1ST
VIDHAN SABA CHUNAV NOV,1951.
1ST
5 YEAR PLAN (1951-1956).
1ST
HERITAGE CITY (MANDI).
1ST
RAILWAYLINE (KALKA-SHIMLA).
1ST
RADIOSTATION SHIMLA
1ST
PERSONALRADIOSTATION 91.9 BIG FM,SHIMLA.
FIRST PUCCA HOUSRE IN SHIMLA (KENNEDY).
FIRSYT GOV-GEN TO VISITSHIMLA (LORD M.HERTZ ).
HP SARVOCHNAYALYA MUKHYA ADAKH(MEHAR CHANDMAHAJAN).
46. HIMALAYAN PARADISE
FIRST ATTACKON KANGRA KILA (MEHMUD GAJNI,1009 BC
FIRST MUGHAL RULER KANGRA AKBAR.
1ST
NIJIKSTERYUNIV. JPSOLAN
1ST
SUCHA PRODODIK CENTE MAUJA-MAJOL,WAKHNAGHAT.
HP OLTEST FORT (KANGRA).
OLDEST RIYASAT(TRIGARTA).
WORLD’S OLDEST LOKTANTRA MALANA.
OLDEST NEWSPAPER KSHTERIYE TEJ.
OLDEST PAINTINGSCHBASHOLI.