5G networks will enable more advanced wireless healthcare systems by providing ultra-high speeds, low latency, and the ability to connect billions of IoT devices. This will allow for real-time monitoring of patients through wearable sensors, integration of medical data from various sources, and telemedicine applications. However, ensuring privacy, security, reliability, and interoperability will be critical as healthcare moves increasingly online. 5G's high performance capabilities can help address these challenges and support remote healthcare delivery through technologies like wireless body area networks.

1. How wireless healthcare
systems benefit from 5G?
Dr Mona Ghassemian
17th October 2016- Tehran- Iran

2. Wireless healthcare systems
Wireless Health is the integration of wireless technology
into traditional medicine as well as other tools that can help
individuals improve their personal health and wellbeing.
What will the role of 5G technology be to
complete the infrastructure?
Why now?
- the wireless healthcare building blocks of automation
- IoT & Machine-to-Machine platforms to enable smart city concept,
- working towards establishing standards for healthcare systems.
2Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

3. Healthcare requirements
Source: http://www.nsf.gov
• Protecting patient privacy,
• Safe critical care,
• Legitimate anytime/anywhere access to health services,
• Community-wide health awareness & maintenance,
• Better and more efficient delivery of health services,
• Matching the mental model of users, for appropriate
personal decisions & choices,
• Continuous monitoring and real-time, customised
feedback on health.
3Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

4. Stakeholders for healthcare systems
Primary endpoints: hospital and emergency room admission, mortality.
Secondary endpoints: patient quality of life, satisfaction and functional
performance, adherance to the treatment, cost analysis, and usability.
Stakeholders
Monitoring of chronic
patients.
Monitoring of early
discharged patients.
Monitoring of high risk
patients.
Acute care.
Monitoring elderly
health & wellbeing.
Medical record
assessment &
decision.
…
…
4Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

5. +
+
Event capture and filtering for
timely response
Any to any linkage of people,
process, and systems
Deep discovery, analysis and
forecasting
=
Left: IBM Smarter cities (2009)
Right: Frost & Sullivan
Intelligent
Interconnected
Instrumented
Smart City - Components
5Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

6. mHealth industry market size
Source: www.statista.com/statistics/295771/mhealth-global-market-size/
from 2012 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)*
6Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

7. IoT in healthcare market to be worth
$409.9 Billion by 2022
Source: grand view research
7
Much of the connections to be supported by 5G.
Life-critical healthcare services cannot be delivered
over unreliable connections.
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

8. From a technology standpoint, what
does 5G mean?
8
• Enhanced mobile broadband with lightning fast data rates
as high as 10 Gbps,
• Ultra-reliable networks with 10,000x the capacity of
today’s networks,
• Ultra-low latency for real time applications,
• Massive amounts of IoT connections, potentially up to 50
billion sensor-enabled devices,
• Dedicated technologies enabling ultra-long life batteries
for IoT sensor networks.
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

9. 9
With 5G, we will
• increase the data rate,
• reduce the end-to-end latency,
• improve coverage, and
• maintain a reliable connection.
5G will become the backbone of the Internet of Things,
linking up fixed and mobile devices becoming part of a
new industrial and economic revolution.
Healthcare devices must connect to networks and the
cloud in ways that are interoperable and secure.
The 5G network, the Internet of Things,
and the wireless healthcare systems
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

10. Data com. platforms
/ 5G …
Wireless Medical Body Area Network
(MBAN)
10
/5G ..
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

11. 11
by Component (Medical Device, System, Software, Services),
by Connectivity Technology (Wi-Fi, ZigBee, NFC, Cellular, Satellite),
by Application (Telemedicine, In Patient Monitoring, Clinical Operation,
Connected Imaging, Medication Management, Tele Surgery),
by End-User (Hospitals, Clinics, Research, Diagnostic Laboratories)
Pic source: L. van Dyk, A review of telehealth service implementation frameworks.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(2):1279-98. PMID: 24464237
Wireless Healthcare Market Analysis
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

12. Legal issues:
Accreditation of the devices and applications
Protection of health related data
Privacy, security and encryption of data
Medical responsibilities / liability
Quality of service
Network related issues: handoff, interruption/delays in
transmission, data loss bandwidth problems
Social acceptance
Health risks (cell phone usage), economic issues,
ethical issues
Market barriers
12Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

13. Interoperability, integration
13
Market barriers
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

14. Biomolecular Sensing: Nanowire sensors, DNA microarrays, Low-
power solid-state chemical sensors, Carbon-nano tube sensors
Imaging: Camera, Radio Frequency Imaging,…
Bioelectric Sensing: electrocardiography (ECG) for the heart,
electroencephalography (EEG) for the brain, electromyography
(EMG) for muscles, …
Medical sensor types
- P.M. Ajayan, O.Z. Zhou, “Applications of Carbon Nanotubes”, Topics in Applied Physics, pp. 391-425, 2001.
- S.M. Ushaa, M. Madhavilatha, G. Madhusudhan Rao, “Design and analysis of nanowire sensor array for prostate cancer
detection” International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials 3(3) pp.239 – 255, 2011.
14Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

15. Portable: Sensors that are embedded in the user’s
smartphone.
Implantable: implantable miniature sensors
and “nanosensors”.
Ambient monitoring: Sensors placed in the
environment to monitor/report patients’ activities.
Wearable: Sensors that are embedded in some
type of garments. Monitors (e.g., wireless
accelerometers, blood pressure and glucose monitors)
Medical sensor categories
*Pic Ref: Mona Ghassemian, et.al: Remote Elderly Assisted Living System-A
preliminary research, development and evaluation. PIMRC 2011: 2219-2223
15
[*]
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

16. Heart-sensing bra (Numetrex)
Biosensing underwear
(U of San Diego research)
Wearable Monitoring Systems
Aka “connected clothes”
“biosensing textiles”
“medical textiles”
“smart fabrics”
“wearable computing”
“wearable technology”
EMG sensors (King’s College London
research)
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17. Wearable Glucose sensor
• A noninvasive, painless method of glucose testing for
glucose control while reducing complications and overall
disease management costs.
• The smart contact lens team at Google has put together
the existing electrochemical technology of a continuous
glucose monitor (CGM), a soft contact lens, a chip (about
the size of a piece of glitter), and an embedded antenna.
http://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/3723/noninvasive_device_could_end_daily_finger_pricking_for_people_with_diabetes
Liao, H. Yao, "A 3- CMOS Glucose Sensor for Wireless Contact-Lens Tear Glucose Monitoring", IEEE Journal of Solid-State
Circuits, Vol.47 , Issue: 1, 2012.
http://diatribe.org/issues/60/new-now-next/1#sthash.iaxuihoC.dpuf
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18. Wearable Electrocardiograph (ECG)
18
 The most common type of ECG involves the
connection of several leads to a patient’s
chest, arms, and leg via adhesive foam pads.
 IMEC wireless, flexible, stretchable ECG and
EMG patch for continuous cardiac monitoring
 Noncontact wearable ECG device
Sense Tex co. prototype.
Y.M Chi, and G. Cawenberghs, ‘Wireless non-contact cardiac and neural monitoring,” Int Conf on
Body Sensor Networks (BSN), pp. 297-301, 2010
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

19. THM
19
Smart homes / smart hospitals
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?
Mysphera
Largest Real time
location of
patients, staff or
assets in Europe..

20. Sensor data rates
20
Sensor Topology Data rate
Accelerometer/gyroscope Star High
Blood glucose Star High
Blood pressure Star Low
CO2 gas sensor Star Very low
ECG Star High
EEG Star High
EMG Star Very high
Pulse oximetry Star Low
Respiratory rate Star Very Low
Humidity Star Very Low
Temperature Star Very Low
Image/video P2P Very high
Very High: More than 500 kbps, High: 10 to 500 kbps,
Low: 0.1 to 10 kbps, Very Low: Less than 0.1 kbps
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

21. Healthcare system traffic
21
M. Z. Shafiq, L. Ji, A. X. Liu, J. Pang , and J. Wang, "A first look at cellular machine-to-machine traffic: large scale
measurement and characterization," ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, v.40 n.1, June 2012, pp. 65-76.
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

22. Communication Architecture
Ref: Min Chen, Sergio Gonzalez, Athanasios Vasilakos, Huasong Cao, Victor C M Leung, “Body Area Networks: A
Survey”, Mobile Networks and Applications, 2010.
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23. 23
Tactile Internet
ITU-T Technology Watch Report (August 2014)
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

24. SOURCE: Peter R. Egli, 2015, http://www.slideshare.net/PeterREgli/lpwan
IoT wireless technologies
24

25. Standard BW
Power
Consumption
Protocol
Stack Size
Stronghold Applications
Wi-Fi
Up to 54
Mbps
40mA TX,
Standby 0.2 mA
100+KB High data rate
Internet browsing, PC networking,
file transfers
Bluetooth 1 Mbps
40mA TX,
Standby 0.2mA
~100+KB
Interoperability,
cable
replacement
Wireless USB, handset, headset
Bluetooth
4.0 (LE)
~300 kbps
10 mA TX,
Standby 0.024
mA
250 KB
Low cost, Ability
to run for years
on standard
coin-cell
batteries
Healthcare, fitness, security, and
home entertainment industries
802.15.4 /
802.15.4j
250Kbps
30mA TX,
standby 356mA
34KB/14KB
Long battery
life, low cost
Remote control, battery-operated
products, sensors/
Medical body area network
(MBAN)
25Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?
Wireless technologies for MBAN

26. Standard Frequency BW Stronghold Applications
802.15.6
2.4GHz,
800MHz,
900MHz,
400MHz
75.9 Kbps
(narrowband) up to
15.6 Mbps ultra wide
band
Low cost, high reliability,
ultra-low power & short
range wireless comm on
or around the human
body
Medical (Wearable Health
Monitoring)
Non-Medical (Real Time
Streaming, Entertainment,
Sport, military applications)
802.11ah Sub 1 GHz
150 Kbps up to 78
Mbps depending on
MCS and BW
ultra-low power,
long range coverage,
backward compatibility
with 802.11
Smart sensors and meters,
Backhaul aggregation,
Extended range hotspot
and cellular offloading
Wireless technologies for MBAN
26Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

27. 27
LPWA IoT and legacy LTE connectivity
Nokia white paper- LTE evolution for IoT connectivity white paper
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

28. 28
Nokia white paper- LTE evolution for IoT connectivity white paper
Race for the IoT connectivity standards
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

29. Will 5G be the only network?
29
Besides the evolution of licensed LTE technologies like NB-IoT,
LTE-M and 5G, unlicensed LPWA technologies like LoRa,
Ingenu, Sigfox aim to provide low bandwidth, low power and long
range coverage that promise to connect tens of billions of
devices in the coming years.
Technologies such as LoRa and Sigfox have one major benefit
over their cellular competitors— early mover advantage.
Services like LTE-M, EC-GSM, narrowband NB-LTE and 5G are
still a number of years away from industrialisation and wide-
stream adoption.
5G will become the backbone of the Internet of Things.
Dr Mona Ghassemian / How wireless healthcare systems benefit from 5G?

30. Contact:
Dr Mona Ghassemian
Mona.Ghassemian@kcl.ac.uk
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ghassemian
30
Thanks for your attention!