MTR is a network diagnostic tool that combines the functionality of traceroute and ping. It probes routers on the network path by sending packets and listening for responses to determine the quality of each hop. As it runs continuously, it tracks response times and packet loss to identify links that may be causing issues like increased latency or buffering. The MTR output provides statistics on each hop, including the hostname, packet loss percentage, and response times, to help locate potential problems along the route.
This document introduces Kaspersky Endpoint Security for Business, a single security platform from Kaspersky Lab that provides anti-malware, mobile security, data encryption, endpoint control tools, and systems management. It can manage protections across physical, virtual, and mobile devices through Kaspersky Security Center. Key features include advanced anti-malware, mobile device management, encryption, application control, and patch management. The suite is available in different tiers and is powered by Kaspersky's global security network to improve performance.
This document discusses the benefits and potential issues of implementing a multi-gigabit Ethernet network, or "multi-lane", at electrical substations. It notes that a multi-lane can reduce the cost of secondary equipment by 30% compared to traditional networks. While it increases demands on staff competency, it also simplifies work by segmenting the physical network into virtual networks. A multi-lane can also meet security needs through technologies like RSPAN and provide the real-time functionality required for digital substations while ensuring timely data delivery. The document concludes that a multi-lane is a good option to reduce costs, experiments show it can implement all necessary digital substation functions, and existing equipment can ensure the required level of information
How We Stopped Being Just Antivirus and Became a Unique Industrial Infrastruc...Kaspersky
A talk delivered by Vladimir Dashchenko at S4x19 in Miami on the history of Kaspersky Industrial Cybersecurity experience development: from delivering AV to investigation of sophisticated attacks and vulnerabilities in ICS hardware and software to providing the customers with threat intelligence and security awareness services and specific technologies for ICS threats detection and prevention.
Catching Multilayered Zero-Day Attacks on MS OfficeKaspersky
Over the past few years attacks leveraging Microsoft Office documents have become a weapon of choice for APT attacks. Office documents are popular not only with APT. It doesn’t take much time for malware authors to integrate novel techniques into their own Exploit Kits and attack ordinary users. Our statistics shows that only during 2018 amount of exploits attempts targeting MS Office increased by 4 times, making it the most targeted application in the world.
In this presentation we would like to take a look at one of the most recent zero-day attacks against this platform, CVE-2018-8174, that introduced a completely new attack vector. Zero-day exploit utilized a technique to load an Internet Explorer engine component right into the process context of MS Office and exploited an unpatched VBScript vulnerability without any user interaction. This new technique changes current threat landscape, as vulnerabilities that previously could only be exploited from a browser in a drive-by-attack scenario can now be also abused from an Office document.
This, and many other vulnerabilities was discovered with the help of our sandbox technology, that is proven to be very effective in catching even sophisticated, multilayered zero-day threats. In this presentation we would like to reveal how Sandbox can be utilized to catch this and many others zero-day attacks with our exploit and vulnerability detection system in our sandbox that is part KATA (Kaspersky Anti Targeted Attack Platform).
Антон Иванов. Kaspersky Open Single Management Platform – XDR платформа для в...Kaspersky
Антон Иванов, Технический директор «Лаборатории Касперского», в своем докладе рассказывает о Kaspersky Open Single Management Platform – XDR платформе для выявления и реагирования на инциденты любого уровня сложности.
Подробнее о конференции: https://ics.kaspersky.ru/conference/
Here we report the current state of the ICS threat landscape, as presented at the IT&Automation 2018 conference in Böblingen.
To learn more about Kaspersky Lab's ICS CERT, visit https://kas.pr/e34v
Ce talk est une introduction au Secure Coding pour Java. Il s'efforcera de présenter via différents exemples les bonnes pratiques permettant de développer de manière pragmatique une application java sécurisée. Nous aborderons aussi bien des pratiques fonctionnelles que des morceaux de codes java à erreurs et leur correctifs.
This document provides a confidential product roadmap for Ixia's existing and prospective customers. The information is subject to change at Ixia's sole discretion and does not commit Ixia to any development or release timelines. Ixia is only obligated to provide deliverables specified in written agreements between Ixia and its customers.
This document introduces Kaspersky Endpoint Security for Business, a single security platform from Kaspersky Lab that provides anti-malware, mobile security, data encryption, endpoint control tools, and systems management. It can manage protections across physical, virtual, and mobile devices through Kaspersky Security Center. Key features include advanced anti-malware, mobile device management, encryption, application control, and patch management. The suite is available in different tiers and is powered by Kaspersky's global security network to improve performance.
This document discusses the benefits and potential issues of implementing a multi-gigabit Ethernet network, or "multi-lane", at electrical substations. It notes that a multi-lane can reduce the cost of secondary equipment by 30% compared to traditional networks. While it increases demands on staff competency, it also simplifies work by segmenting the physical network into virtual networks. A multi-lane can also meet security needs through technologies like RSPAN and provide the real-time functionality required for digital substations while ensuring timely data delivery. The document concludes that a multi-lane is a good option to reduce costs, experiments show it can implement all necessary digital substation functions, and existing equipment can ensure the required level of information
How We Stopped Being Just Antivirus and Became a Unique Industrial Infrastruc...Kaspersky
A talk delivered by Vladimir Dashchenko at S4x19 in Miami on the history of Kaspersky Industrial Cybersecurity experience development: from delivering AV to investigation of sophisticated attacks and vulnerabilities in ICS hardware and software to providing the customers with threat intelligence and security awareness services and specific technologies for ICS threats detection and prevention.
Catching Multilayered Zero-Day Attacks on MS OfficeKaspersky
Over the past few years attacks leveraging Microsoft Office documents have become a weapon of choice for APT attacks. Office documents are popular not only with APT. It doesn’t take much time for malware authors to integrate novel techniques into their own Exploit Kits and attack ordinary users. Our statistics shows that only during 2018 amount of exploits attempts targeting MS Office increased by 4 times, making it the most targeted application in the world.
In this presentation we would like to take a look at one of the most recent zero-day attacks against this platform, CVE-2018-8174, that introduced a completely new attack vector. Zero-day exploit utilized a technique to load an Internet Explorer engine component right into the process context of MS Office and exploited an unpatched VBScript vulnerability without any user interaction. This new technique changes current threat landscape, as vulnerabilities that previously could only be exploited from a browser in a drive-by-attack scenario can now be also abused from an Office document.
This, and many other vulnerabilities was discovered with the help of our sandbox technology, that is proven to be very effective in catching even sophisticated, multilayered zero-day threats. In this presentation we would like to reveal how Sandbox can be utilized to catch this and many others zero-day attacks with our exploit and vulnerability detection system in our sandbox that is part KATA (Kaspersky Anti Targeted Attack Platform).
Антон Иванов. Kaspersky Open Single Management Platform – XDR платформа для в...Kaspersky
Антон Иванов, Технический директор «Лаборатории Касперского», в своем докладе рассказывает о Kaspersky Open Single Management Platform – XDR платформе для выявления и реагирования на инциденты любого уровня сложности.
Подробнее о конференции: https://ics.kaspersky.ru/conference/
Here we report the current state of the ICS threat landscape, as presented at the IT&Automation 2018 conference in Böblingen.
To learn more about Kaspersky Lab's ICS CERT, visit https://kas.pr/e34v
Ce talk est une introduction au Secure Coding pour Java. Il s'efforcera de présenter via différents exemples les bonnes pratiques permettant de développer de manière pragmatique une application java sécurisée. Nous aborderons aussi bien des pratiques fonctionnelles que des morceaux de codes java à erreurs et leur correctifs.
This document provides a confidential product roadmap for Ixia's existing and prospective customers. The information is subject to change at Ixia's sole discretion and does not commit Ixia to any development or release timelines. Ixia is only obligated to provide deliverables specified in written agreements between Ixia and its customers.
CHECK POINT 5100 NEXT GENERATION SECURITY GATEWAY FOR THE SMALL ENTERPRISE AN...Alexander Kravchenko
The document is a datasheet for the Check Point 5100 Next Generation Security Gateway. It provides high-level information about the product's benefits, features, and specifications. The 5100 gateway delivers comprehensive threat prevention against advanced cyber attacks through solutions like SandBlast threat emulation and extraction. It offers high performance and flexibility via modular expandability. The datasheet describes the product's security capabilities, ordering information, and technical specifications.
CHECK POINT 5900 NEXT GENERATION SECURITY GATEWAY FOR THE MID-SIZE ENTERPRISEAlexander Kravchenko
The document describes the Check Point 5900 Next Generation Security Gateway. Key points:
- It is a 1U appliance that provides comprehensive network security protection including firewall, IPS, antivirus, SSL inspection, and SandBlast zero-day threat prevention.
- It has flexible I/O with two expansion slots that can add additional 1GbE, 10GbE, or 40GbE network ports.
- Models are available with the Next Generation Threat Prevention (NGTP) package or the SandBlast (NGTX) package that adds zero-day protection capabilities.
1) Russia poses a serious threat landscape, targeting governments, financial organizations, telecommunications, utilities, and transport sectors, as well as citizens.
2) An investigation of a cryptocurrency bank found 1000 workstations and 200 servers infected over 2 weeks, with backups also hacked using unique encryption keys on each device and PowerShell scripts.
3) Threat tactics seen include wipers, cryptors like Black Energy and HDDCryptor, as well as Shamoon 2 and WannaCry exploiting the EternalBlue vulnerability and using techniques like full disk encryption, malware-less attacks, and "tailored" encryption.
Huawei provides solutions for smart street lighting using IoT technologies like NB-IoT. Streetlights are fitted with controllers that communicate over wireless mesh networks. The controllers can execute schedules to dim or switch lights based on time of day, sunrise/sunset. They also integrate brightness sensors to respond to environmental conditions. This allows reducing energy consumption from streetlights while still providing safety. The solutions offer remote monitoring and management of streetlights from a central system.
Новая эра корпоративных сетей с Cisco Catalyst 9000 и другие инновации для ма...Cisco Russia
The document discusses several new innovations from Cisco for routing and switching, including the Cisco Catalyst 9000 series of switches. Key innovations discussed include DNA Center for network management, DNA Assurance & Analytics for network monitoring and issue detection, Software-Defined Access for microsegmentation, and using network traffic as a sensor to detect malware in encrypted traffic flows. New Catalyst 9000 switches like the Catalyst 9300 for fixed access and Catalyst 9400 for modular access are also introduced.
Does your system run the risk of being attacked?
There is an increasing risk world-wide of sophisticated cyber-attacks being targeted towards critical infrastructure. A successful attack on these networks could have a substantial impact on our society, causing great economic loss or worse. Regardless of if you are upgrading an existing network or building a new one, the security of it should be a major consideration.
Micro-segmentation is a combination of firewalls, subnetting, and using VPNs to create an extremely secure network by locking down each individual device. A system which has implemented micro-segmentation enjoy benefits such as maintaining application security, reduce the attack surface and complying with regulations.
Dans le cadre de la 8ème edition des Cyber Security Days 2018, organisée par l'agence nationale de la sécurité informatique, notre partenaire Kaspersky North Africa a présenté son module "Kaspersky Threat intelligence".
This document discusses intrusion prevention systems (IPS) and their implementation. It explains the differences between intrusion detection systems (IDS) and IPS, with IDS working passively to detect threats while IPS works inline to detect and stop threats. The document covers IPS deployment considerations, sensor types, signature characteristics that IPS uses to detect threats, and how to configure and monitor IPS using Cisco devices. The overall goal is to help readers understand how to implement IPS technologies to monitor, detect, and prevent network attacks.
The document discusses Cisco's next-generation firewall called Cisco ASA CX Context-Aware Security. It blends traditional stateful inspection firewall capabilities with additional network-based security controls like application visibility and control, web security, and IPS. It uses device awareness, user identity, network reputation, and other context to apply differentiated security policies. The firewall provides high performance with increased throughput and connections compared to previous Cisco firewall models.
This document contains slides from a Cisco presentation on firewall certification. It discusses the CCNP Security Firewall v2.0 exam, including exam details, recommended reading, and high-level topics covered. It also provides an overview of Cisco firewall technology including the Adaptive Security Appliance and its features. Configuration topics like licensing, interfaces, NAT, routing, inspection policies and transparent mode are briefly outlined.
Как развернуть кампусную сеть Cisco за 10 минут? Новые технологии для автомат...Cisco Russia
The document discusses new Cisco technologies for automating and analyzing corporate networks, including Cisco DNA Center. DNA Center provides a single interface for automating and analyzing the entire lifecycle of network design, provisioning, policy management, and assurance. It integrates with Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) to automate access policies and control. DNA Center also leverages streaming telemetry, network data, and machine learning to provide real-time visibility, root cause analysis, and client health monitoring across the network.
Steve Shawcross is a digital security and cyber security consultant with over 20 years of experience in information technology. He has numerous cyber security certifications and specializes in areas like firewall administration, vulnerability assessments, and industrial control systems security. His experience includes consulting roles providing cyber security services and support to companies across various industries.
The document discusses improving control system security. It examines current security trends and their impact on SCADA systems. It discusses increasing the security and usability of SCADA systems through understanding tools and techniques to mitigate risks. The document also provides an overview of the speaker and their relevant experience and qualifications.
The document discusses Fortinet's security solutions and how they work together to disrupt threat chains. It describes how multiple security layers like antivirus, IPS, sandboxing, etc. each block parts of the attack lifecycle. Later stages involve more advanced techniques like behavioral analysis in the sandbox to detect even unknown threats. The full solution provides centralized protection across networks, endpoints, and cloud from a single management interface.
Building a chain of trust from the device to the cloud in 5GPaul Bradley
Building a chain of trust from the device to the cloud
- Strong trust establishment between virtual functions
- Virtualized network slicing security from the core to the mobile edge
- Device level isolation and security segmentation
ACSAC2020 "Return-Oriented IoT" by Kuniyasu SuzakiKuniyasu Suzaki
Side of "Reboot-Oriented IoT: Life Cycle Management in Trusted Execution Environment for Disposable IoT devices" ACSAC (Annual Computer Security Applications Conference) 2020
This document summarizes the scadasl.org website, which is focused on industrial control system (ICS) and SCADA security. It describes the group of security researchers involved in the organization and their goals of preventing industrial disasters and maintaining system integrity. It provides overviews of the group's work analyzing SCADA systems on the internet, vulnerabilities in common ICS protocols and components, and methods for identifying devices and finding vulnerabilities.
To explore Cisco’s Meraki wireless access points, security appliances, switches and Systems Manager mobile device management. For more information please visit our website here: http://www.cisco.com/web/CA/index.html
Chapter 3. sensors in the network domainPhu Nguyen
This chapter discusses network sensors and the data they generate. Examples of network sensors include NetFlow sensors on routers and packet capture tools like tcpdump. The chapter covers challenges of analyzing large network traffic data, and describes common data formats generated by sensors like NetFlow records and packet captures. It also discusses techniques for filtering large packet capture data, such as using rolling buffers, limiting packet snap lengths, and Berkeley Packet Filter rules.
CHECK POINT 5100 NEXT GENERATION SECURITY GATEWAY FOR THE SMALL ENTERPRISE AN...Alexander Kravchenko
The document is a datasheet for the Check Point 5100 Next Generation Security Gateway. It provides high-level information about the product's benefits, features, and specifications. The 5100 gateway delivers comprehensive threat prevention against advanced cyber attacks through solutions like SandBlast threat emulation and extraction. It offers high performance and flexibility via modular expandability. The datasheet describes the product's security capabilities, ordering information, and technical specifications.
CHECK POINT 5900 NEXT GENERATION SECURITY GATEWAY FOR THE MID-SIZE ENTERPRISEAlexander Kravchenko
The document describes the Check Point 5900 Next Generation Security Gateway. Key points:
- It is a 1U appliance that provides comprehensive network security protection including firewall, IPS, antivirus, SSL inspection, and SandBlast zero-day threat prevention.
- It has flexible I/O with two expansion slots that can add additional 1GbE, 10GbE, or 40GbE network ports.
- Models are available with the Next Generation Threat Prevention (NGTP) package or the SandBlast (NGTX) package that adds zero-day protection capabilities.
1) Russia poses a serious threat landscape, targeting governments, financial organizations, telecommunications, utilities, and transport sectors, as well as citizens.
2) An investigation of a cryptocurrency bank found 1000 workstations and 200 servers infected over 2 weeks, with backups also hacked using unique encryption keys on each device and PowerShell scripts.
3) Threat tactics seen include wipers, cryptors like Black Energy and HDDCryptor, as well as Shamoon 2 and WannaCry exploiting the EternalBlue vulnerability and using techniques like full disk encryption, malware-less attacks, and "tailored" encryption.
Huawei provides solutions for smart street lighting using IoT technologies like NB-IoT. Streetlights are fitted with controllers that communicate over wireless mesh networks. The controllers can execute schedules to dim or switch lights based on time of day, sunrise/sunset. They also integrate brightness sensors to respond to environmental conditions. This allows reducing energy consumption from streetlights while still providing safety. The solutions offer remote monitoring and management of streetlights from a central system.
Новая эра корпоративных сетей с Cisco Catalyst 9000 и другие инновации для ма...Cisco Russia
The document discusses several new innovations from Cisco for routing and switching, including the Cisco Catalyst 9000 series of switches. Key innovations discussed include DNA Center for network management, DNA Assurance & Analytics for network monitoring and issue detection, Software-Defined Access for microsegmentation, and using network traffic as a sensor to detect malware in encrypted traffic flows. New Catalyst 9000 switches like the Catalyst 9300 for fixed access and Catalyst 9400 for modular access are also introduced.
Does your system run the risk of being attacked?
There is an increasing risk world-wide of sophisticated cyber-attacks being targeted towards critical infrastructure. A successful attack on these networks could have a substantial impact on our society, causing great economic loss or worse. Regardless of if you are upgrading an existing network or building a new one, the security of it should be a major consideration.
Micro-segmentation is a combination of firewalls, subnetting, and using VPNs to create an extremely secure network by locking down each individual device. A system which has implemented micro-segmentation enjoy benefits such as maintaining application security, reduce the attack surface and complying with regulations.
Dans le cadre de la 8ème edition des Cyber Security Days 2018, organisée par l'agence nationale de la sécurité informatique, notre partenaire Kaspersky North Africa a présenté son module "Kaspersky Threat intelligence".
This document discusses intrusion prevention systems (IPS) and their implementation. It explains the differences between intrusion detection systems (IDS) and IPS, with IDS working passively to detect threats while IPS works inline to detect and stop threats. The document covers IPS deployment considerations, sensor types, signature characteristics that IPS uses to detect threats, and how to configure and monitor IPS using Cisco devices. The overall goal is to help readers understand how to implement IPS technologies to monitor, detect, and prevent network attacks.
The document discusses Cisco's next-generation firewall called Cisco ASA CX Context-Aware Security. It blends traditional stateful inspection firewall capabilities with additional network-based security controls like application visibility and control, web security, and IPS. It uses device awareness, user identity, network reputation, and other context to apply differentiated security policies. The firewall provides high performance with increased throughput and connections compared to previous Cisco firewall models.
This document contains slides from a Cisco presentation on firewall certification. It discusses the CCNP Security Firewall v2.0 exam, including exam details, recommended reading, and high-level topics covered. It also provides an overview of Cisco firewall technology including the Adaptive Security Appliance and its features. Configuration topics like licensing, interfaces, NAT, routing, inspection policies and transparent mode are briefly outlined.
Как развернуть кампусную сеть Cisco за 10 минут? Новые технологии для автомат...Cisco Russia
The document discusses new Cisco technologies for automating and analyzing corporate networks, including Cisco DNA Center. DNA Center provides a single interface for automating and analyzing the entire lifecycle of network design, provisioning, policy management, and assurance. It integrates with Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) to automate access policies and control. DNA Center also leverages streaming telemetry, network data, and machine learning to provide real-time visibility, root cause analysis, and client health monitoring across the network.
Steve Shawcross is a digital security and cyber security consultant with over 20 years of experience in information technology. He has numerous cyber security certifications and specializes in areas like firewall administration, vulnerability assessments, and industrial control systems security. His experience includes consulting roles providing cyber security services and support to companies across various industries.
The document discusses improving control system security. It examines current security trends and their impact on SCADA systems. It discusses increasing the security and usability of SCADA systems through understanding tools and techniques to mitigate risks. The document also provides an overview of the speaker and their relevant experience and qualifications.
The document discusses Fortinet's security solutions and how they work together to disrupt threat chains. It describes how multiple security layers like antivirus, IPS, sandboxing, etc. each block parts of the attack lifecycle. Later stages involve more advanced techniques like behavioral analysis in the sandbox to detect even unknown threats. The full solution provides centralized protection across networks, endpoints, and cloud from a single management interface.
Building a chain of trust from the device to the cloud in 5GPaul Bradley
Building a chain of trust from the device to the cloud
- Strong trust establishment between virtual functions
- Virtualized network slicing security from the core to the mobile edge
- Device level isolation and security segmentation
ACSAC2020 "Return-Oriented IoT" by Kuniyasu SuzakiKuniyasu Suzaki
Side of "Reboot-Oriented IoT: Life Cycle Management in Trusted Execution Environment for Disposable IoT devices" ACSAC (Annual Computer Security Applications Conference) 2020
This document summarizes the scadasl.org website, which is focused on industrial control system (ICS) and SCADA security. It describes the group of security researchers involved in the organization and their goals of preventing industrial disasters and maintaining system integrity. It provides overviews of the group's work analyzing SCADA systems on the internet, vulnerabilities in common ICS protocols and components, and methods for identifying devices and finding vulnerabilities.
To explore Cisco’s Meraki wireless access points, security appliances, switches and Systems Manager mobile device management. For more information please visit our website here: http://www.cisco.com/web/CA/index.html
Chapter 3. sensors in the network domainPhu Nguyen
This chapter discusses network sensors and the data they generate. Examples of network sensors include NetFlow sensors on routers and packet capture tools like tcpdump. The chapter covers challenges of analyzing large network traffic data, and describes common data formats generated by sensors like NetFlow records and packet captures. It also discusses techniques for filtering large packet capture data, such as using rolling buffers, limiting packet snap lengths, and Berkeley Packet Filter rules.
IRJET- Performance Improvement of Wireless Network using Modern Simulation ToolsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that used the ns-3 network simulator to analyze the performance of two routing protocols - Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) - in a wireless ad hoc network under different conditions. The study varied parameters like packet size, number of nodes, and hello interval (the frequency at which routing information is broadcast) and measured metrics like throughput, delay, jitter, packet delivery ratio, packet loss, and congestion window. The results showed how the performance of the two protocols was impacted by changes to these parameters. The goal was to better understand congestion control and avoidance in wireless ad hoc networks through simulation.
NUSE (Network Stack in Userspace) at #osioHajime Tazaki
This document describes Network Stack in Userspace (NUSE), which implements a full network stack as a userspace library. NUSE aims to allow faster evolution of network stacks outside the kernel and enable network protocol personalization. It works by patching the Linux kernel to include a new architecture, implementing the network stack components as a userspace library, and hijacking POSIX socket calls to redirect them to the NUSE implementation. Performance tests show NUSE adding only small overhead compared to kernel implementations. NUSE can also integrate with the ns-3 network simulator to enable controllable and reproducible network simulations using real protocol implementations.
The new virtualization technologies and cloud environments are a big challenge for testing network performance. We need a new approach for testing, using realistic scenarios and flexible tools that allow us to generate packets at high speed. Trex is an Open Source network generator with all these batteries included.
Implementation of Spanning Tree Protocol using ns-3Naishil Shah
This document discusses the implementation of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) using the ns-3 network simulator. STP is used to prevent bridge loops in layer 2 Ethernet networks. The authors first tried implementing STP by exchanging HELLO messages between nodes but were unsuccessful. They then used Prim's algorithm on the adjacency matrix output from ns-3 to generate a minimum spanning tree and remove loops. NetAnim was used to visualize the topology before and after applying Prim's algorithm.
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile nodes. Each node operates not only as an end system, but also as a router to forward packets. The nodes are free to move about and organize themselves into a network. These cause extra challenges on security. In this paper, evaluation of prominent on-demand routing protocol i.e. AODV,MAODV,RAODV has been done by varying the network size. An effort has been carried out to do the performance evaluation of these protocols using random way point model. The simulator used is NS 2.34. The performance of either protocol has been studied by using a self created network scenario with respect to pause time.
9Tuts.Com New CCNA 200-120 New CCNA New Questions 2Lori Head
The output "MTU 1500 bytes" refers to the maximum transmission unit, which is the maximum size of a packet or frame that can be sent in a single piece over a link in a network.
The correct answer is F. The maximum frame size that can traverse this interface is 1500 bytes.
Network simulator 2 a simulation tool for linuxPratik Joshi
The document describes using the Network Simulator 2 (NS2) tool to simulate network scenarios. NS2 is an open-source discrete event network simulator for Linux. The document outlines installing and configuring NS2, including applying a patch to add support for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). It then describes two simulation scenarios using NS2: one monitors SCTP traffic between two nodes transferring FTP data, the other looks at web traffic over six nodes using TCP. Graphs of the SCTP simulation show transmitted packets and bandwidth utilization.
Pushing Packets - How do the ML2 Mechanism Drivers Stack UpJames Denton
Architecting a private cloud to meet the use cases of its users can be a daunting task. How do you determine which of the many L2/L3 Neutron plugins and drivers to implement? Does network performance outweigh reliability? Are overlay networks just as performant as VLAN networks? The answers to these questions will drive the appropriate technology choice.
In this presentation, we will look at many of the common drivers built around the ML2 framework, including LinuxBridge, OVS, OVS+DPDK, SR-IOV, and more, and will provide performance data to help drive decisions around selecting a technology that's right for the situation. We will discuss our experience with some of these technologies, and the pros and cons of one technology over another in a production environment.
This document provides an overview of UMTS basics including standards, network architecture, interfaces, domains, UTRAN components, mobility management, security, radio interface concepts, protocols, and codecs. It serves as an introduction to analyzing UMTS UTRAN signaling procedures which are described in detail later in the document.
The document provides instructions on troubleshooting basic connectivity issues using tools like ping and traceroute. It describes how ping is used to test reachability between devices and can return round-trip time statistics. Traceroute is used to identify where packets are being dropped by showing each hop to the destination. The document also provides details on using Cisco's debug ip packet command to examine packets passing through a router for troubleshooting.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of malicious nodes on throughput, packets dropped, and average latency in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The study used the NS-2 simulator to model different MANET scenarios with varying numbers of malicious nodes, from 0 to 10 nodes per group and 0 to 40 nodes total. Key findings from the simulations include: (1) network throughput was highest with 0 malicious nodes, (2) packet drops were lowest with 4 malicious nodes, and (3) average latency was lowest with 4 malicious nodes. As the number of malicious nodes increased, network throughput decreased while packet drops and latency increased. The document concludes the presence of malicious nodes degrades MANET performance but having a small number
Impact of Malicious Nodes on Throughput, Packets Dropped and Average Latency ...iosrjce
Mobile Ad-hoc Network is a decentralized wireless network[1]. Here the mobile nodes make and
break the links with the neighbouring nodes available in the radio range without actually being physically
connected. These networks are temporary and keep on changing from time to time. MANET applications are
getting importance in both civilian and military areas. MANETs can be applied in disaster communications and
used as the backup network of traditional mobile communication networks as well. Network throughput, number
of packets dropped and average latency are important parameters to evaluate the performance of wireless ad
hoc network[3]. Generally, it is difficult to achieve high throughput and low packet drop with minimum
delay[5]. In this paper, the objective is to achieve high throughput while keeping the packet drop and the
average latency under certain acceptable limits[10]. We tried to study the signature pattern of these malicious
nodes and made conclusions with the results obtained. The performance is evaluated with the following
parameters: network throughput, number of packets dropped and the average latency. We used NS2 simulator
and extracted data from the trace files[2]. Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has
been used in our experiments[4]. Similar to our previous work, the nodes are free to move or remain static in all
the quadrants in the defined space[8].
The document discusses real-time operating systems for embedded systems. It describes that RTOS are necessary for systems with scheduling of multiple processes and devices. An RTOS kernel manages tasks, inter-task communication, memory allocation, timers and I/O devices. The document provides examples of creating tasks to blink an LED and print to USART ports, using a semaphore for synchronization between tasks. The tasks are run and output is seen on a Minicom terminal.
Performance Evaluation of a Layered WSN Using AODV and MCF Protocols in NS-2csandit
This document summarizes a study that compares the performance of two routing protocols, AODV and MCF, in a layered wireless sensor network (WSN) using the network simulator NS-2. It first provides background on AODV, describing how it establishes and maintains routes. It then describes the MCF protocol, which formulates lightpath routing as an integer linear program to minimize the impact of fiber failures. The document outlines how both protocols were implemented in NS-2 and compares their performance based on metrics like throughput, packet loss, and end-to-end delay. The simulation results show that MCF generally has better throughput and reliability than AODV in the scenario of a 80-node WSN.
An efficient ant optimized multipath routing in wireless sensor networkEditor Jacotech
Today, the Wireless Sensor Network is increasingly gaining popularity and importance. It is the more interesting and stimulating area of research. Now, the WSN is applied in object tracking and environmental monitoring applications. This paper presents the self-optimized model of multipath routing algorithm for WSN which considers definite parameters like delay, throughput level and loss and generates the outcomes that maximizes data throughput rate and minimizes delay and loss. This algorithm is based on ANT optimization technique that will bring out an optimal and organized route for WSN and is also to avoid congestion in WSN, the algorithm incorporate multipath capability..
The document discusses various network security tools including TCP/IP headers, tcpdump, ethereal, ntop, MRTG, network scanners like Nmap and Nessus. It provides examples of using these tools to analyze network traffic, scan for open ports, detect operating systems, and monitor network usage.
The Network Layer is concerned about getting packets from source to destination, no matter how many hops it may take. It’s all about routing.
5.1 Network Layer Design Issues
What do we need to think about in this layer?
5.2 Routing Algorithms
Strategies for getting from source to destination.
5.3 Congestion Control Algorithms
How do we keep from bottlenecking from too many packets?
5.4 Internetworking
Working with multiple networks and protocols in order to deliver packets.
5.5 The Network Layer in the Internet
Gluing together a collection of subnets.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
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How to use mtr 2
1. How to Use MTR (Traceroute and Ping Combined)
Posted by purehate in Insights at 5:57 PM
One of the not so well know networking tools available on Linux is MTR. MTR combines
the functionality of the traceroute and ping programs in a single net-work diagnostic tool.
As mtr starts, it investigates the network connection between the host mtr runs on and a
user-specified destination host. After it determines the address of each network hop
between the machines, it sends a sequence ICMP ECHO requests to each one to determine
the quality of the link to each machine. As it does this, it prints running statistics about each
machine. A sudden increase in packet-loss or response time is often an indication of a bad
(or simply overloaded) link. mtr is fairly easy to use once you have a look at the different
options possible:
This shows us the usage flags and options.
So in order to know more about the different flags we will take a look at them now:
OPTIONS
-h help
Print the summary of command line argument options.
-v –version
Print the installed version of mtr.
-r –report
This option puts mtr into report mode. When in this mode, mtr will run for
the number of cycles specified by the -c option, and then print statistics and
exit.
This mode is useful for generating statistics about network quality. Note
that each running instance of mtr generates a significant amount of network
traffic. Using mtr to measure the quality of your network may result in
decreased network performance.
-c COUNT –report-cycles COUNT
Use this option to set the number of pings sent to determine both the machines
on the network and the reliability of those machines. Each cycle lasts one
second.
-s BYTES –psize BYTES
2. PACKETSIZE
These options or a trailing PACKETSIZE on the commandline sets the packet size
used for probing. It is in bytes inclusive IP and ICMP headers
If set to a negative number, every iteration will use a different, random
packetsizeupto that number.
-t –curses
Use this option to force mtr to use the curses based terminal interface (if available).
-n –no-dns
Use this option to force mtr to display numeric IP numbers and not try to
resolve the host names.
-g –gtk
Use this option to force mtr to use the GTK+ based X11 window interface (if
available). GTK+ must have been available on the system when mtr was built
for this to work. See the GTK+ web page at
www DOT gimp DOTorg/gtk/for more information about GTK+.
-p –split
Use this option to set mtr to spit out a format that is suitable for a split-
user interface.
-l –raw
Use this option to tell mtr to use the raw output format. This format is better
suited for archival of the measurement results. It could be parsed to be
presented into any of the other display methods.
-a IP.ADD.RE.SS
–address IP.ADD.RE.SS
Use this option to bind outgoing packets’ socket to specific interface, so
that any packet will be sent through this interface. NOTE that this option
doesn’t apply to DNS requests (which could be and could not be what you want).
-i SECONDS
–interval SECONDS
Use this option to specify the positive number of seconds between ICMP ECHO
requests. The default value for this parameter is one second.
-4
Use IPv4 only.
3. -6
Use IPv6 only.
Ok now we see that we have lots of options to play with here.
Ok back to the terminal we are going to look at a target computer with the -r (report mode)
and -c (count) set to 1
We only care about the first two columns. The first is the name of the nodes along the
route,and the second is the percent of packets that were lost. If we lose packets then the
traceroute must find a new way to get to the destination. Sometimes nodes along our route
will drop these packets. You can see that our query was didnt have any isues until hop #13
where it clearly failed and had to find a new route. Remember just like any traceroute the
first node returned is the closest to your box and the last is farthest away. The next step we
would take is dodo individual whois on the hops which failed in order to determine the
reasons for the packet loss.
If your distribution of choice does not have the MTR program installed or it is not
available with the package manager it can be downloaded from here
4. MTR (software)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jumpto: navigation, search
MTR
Developer(s) BitWizard
Initialrelease 1997; 15 yearsago
0.82 / December 2, 2011; 4
Stablerelease
monthsago
Written in C
Operatingsystem Unix-like
Type Network
License GNU General PublicLicenseVersion 2
Website www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/
WinMTR
Developer(s) Appnor
0.92 / January 31, 2011; 14
Stablerelease
monthsago
Written in C
Operatingsystem Windows
Type Network
License GNU General PublicLicenseVersion 2
Website www.winmtr.net
5. MTR (My traceroute, originally called Matt's traceroute) is computer software which
combines the functionality of the traceroute and ping programs in a single network
diagnostic tool.[1]
MTR probes routers on the route path by limiting the number of hops individual packets
may traverse, and listening to responses of their expiry. It will regularly repeat this process,
usually once per second, and keep track of the response times of the hops along the path.
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Fundamentals
3Examples
4WinMTR
5Seealso
6References
7External links
[edit]History
The original MTR (known as Matt's traceroute) program was written by Matt Kimball in
1997. Roger Wolff took over maintenance of MTR (renamed to Mytraceroute) in October
1998.[2]
[edit]Fundamentals
MTR is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) and it works
under modern Unix-like operating systems. It normally works under the text console, but it
also has an optional GTK+-based graphical interface.
MTR relies on ICMP Time Exceeded (type 11, code 0) packets coming back from routers,
or ICMP Echo Reply packets when the packets have hit their destination host. MTR also
has a UDP mode (invoked with "-u" on the command line or pressing the "u" key in the
curses interface) that sends UDP packets, each with an increasing destination port, toward
the destination host. When the UDP mode is used, MTR relies on ICMP port unreachable
packets (type 3, code 3) when the destination is reached.
MTR also supports IPv6 and works in a similar manner but instead relies on ICMPv6
messages.
The tool is often used for network troubleshooting. By showing a list of routers traversed,
and the average round-trip time as well as packet loss to each router, it allows the user to
6. identify links between two particular routers responsible for certain fractions of the overall
latency or packet loss through the network. This can help identify network over utilization
problems.[3]
[edit]Examples
This example shows MTR running on Linux tracing a route from the host machine
(example.lan) to a web server at Yahoo! (p25.www.re2.yahoo.com) across the Level3
network.
My traceroute [v0.71]
example.lan Sun Mar 25 00:07:50 2007
Packets Pings
Hostname %Loss RcvSnt Last Best Avg Worst
1. example.lan 0% 11 11 1 1 1
2
2. ae-31-51.ebr1.Chicago1.Level3.n 19% 9 11 3 1 7
14
3. ae-1.ebr2.Chicago1.Level3.net 0% 11 11 7 1 7
14
4. ae-2.ebr2.Washington1.Level3.ne 19% 9 11 19 18 23
31
5. ae-1.ebr1.Washington1.Level3.ne 28% 8 11 22 18 24
30
6. ge-3-0-0-53.gar1.Washington1.Le 0% 11 11 18 18 20
36
7. 63.210.29.230 0% 10 10 19 19 19
19
8. t-3-1.bas1.re2.yahoo.com 0% 10 10 19 18 32
106
9. p25.www.re2.yahoo.com 0% 10 10 19 18 19
19
An additional example below shows a recent version of MTR running on FreeBSD. MPLS
labels are displayed by default when the "-e" switch is used on the command line (or the
"u" key is pressed in the curses interface):
My traceroute [v0.82]
dax.prolixium.com (0.0.0.0) Sun Jan
1 12:58:02 2012
Keys: Help Display mode Restart statistics Order of fields quit
Packets
Pings
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg
BestWrstStDev
1. voxel.prolixium.net 0.0% 13 0.4 1.7
0.4 10.4 3.2
2. 0.ae2.tsr1.lga5.us.voxel.net 0.0% 12 10.8 2.9
0.2 10.8 4.3
3. 0.ae59.tsr1.lga3.us.voxel.net 0.0% 12 0.4 1.7
0.4 16.0 4.5
7. 4. rtr.loss.net.internet2.edu 0.0% 12 4.8 7.4
0.3 41.8 15.4
5. 64.57.21.210 0.0% 12 5.4 15.7
5.3 126.7 35.0
6. nox1sumgw1-vl-530-nox-mit.nox.org 0.0% 12 109.5 60.6
23.0 219.5 66.0
[MPLS: Lbl 172832 Exp 0 S 1 TTL 1]
7. nox1sumgw1-peer--207-210-142-234.nox.org 0.0% 12 25.0 23.2
23.0 25.0 0.6
8. B24-RTR-2-BACKBONE-2.MIT.EDU 0.0% 12 23.2 23.4
23.2 24.9 0.5
9. MITNET.TRANTOR.CSAIL.MIT.EDU 0.0% 12 23.4 23.4
23.3 23.5 0.1
10. trantor.helicon.csail.mit.edu 0.0% 12 23.7 25.0
23.5 26.5 1.3
11. zermatt.csail.mit.edu 0.0% 12 23.1 23.1
23.1 23.3 0.1
[edit]WinMTR
WinMTR is an equivalent of mtr for Windows developed by Appnor. Functionally it is
very similar, although it does not actually share any code in common with mtr due to the
major diffences between the *nix and Windows network stacks.[citation needed]
[edit]See also
Free software portal
traceroute
ping
PathPing - a network utility supplied in Windows NT and beyond that combines the
functionality of ping with that of traceroute (or tracert)
[edit]References
1. ^Upstream Provider Woes? Point the Ping of Blame. (enterpriseitplanet.com)
2. ^Cisco router configuration and troubleshooting By Mark Tripod (Google Books)
3. ^Linode Library: Diagnosing Network Issues with MTR
[edit]External links
MTR man page
MTR, BitWizard's MTR page with Unix downloads
WinMTR, the equivalent of MTR for Windows platforms
whatismyip.cc Online Traceroute with GeoIP, uses MTR as backend
8. MTR es un acrónimo de Multi-TrackRecorder y pertenece a la categoría Hardware.
How to use the MTR tool to analyse network problems
This guide outlines how to use the MTR tool to analyse network issues that can cause problems
like radio buffering. This tool is useful for identifying where a problem may be. The output of MTR
should be submitted to us so we can get a better idea of whats causing buffering problems.
What is MTR ?
MTR also known as Matt's traceroute or more recently Mytraceroute is computer software which
combines the functionality of the traceroute and ping programs in a single network diagnostic
tool.
MTR probes routers on the route path by limiting the number of hops individual packets may
traverse, and listening to responses of their expiry. It will regularly repeat this process, usually
once per second, and keep track of the response times of the hops along the path.
Read more about MTR here :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR_(Software)
Download MTR.
Windows :WinMTR - 0.8
Linux (Debain / Ubuntu): MTR or ('sudo aptitude install mtr')
How and when to use MTR.
The MTR tool should be used when you are getting buffering issues on your radio. You can use the
MTR tool to test your connectivity to your radio server. This is done by using the hostname of your
server with us. This is usually cp.internet-radio.com or cp2.internet-radio.com or
shoutcast.internet-radio.com etc... You should run the MTR tool for at least 20 minutes, preferably
longer. Once it has been running for a good amount of time (the longer the better) we need you to
email the output to us at contact@internet-radio.com including your username.
Example of MTR output.
Code:
My traceroute [v0.71]