The document provides 20 steps for effectively preparing for the oral defense of a thesis or dissertation. Key steps include being well-rested and focused for the presentation; having a deep understanding of the research problem, key studies, and larger issues; preparing visual aids that summarize the introduction, method, results and discussion; and being prepared to clarify assumptions and defend against criticism, while also accepting valid criticisms graciously. The goal is to concisely communicate what was done, why it was done, how it was done and what the results and implications are, without reading notes or using too much jargon.