How does frequency hopping affect security precautions, if it all..pdf
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How does frequency hopping affect security precautions, if it all.? How does frequency hopping affect security precautions, if it all.? Solution Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) transmission is the repeated switching of frequencies during radio transmission to reduce interference and avoid interception. It is useful to counter eavesdropping, or to obstruct jamming of telecommunications. And it can minimize the effects of unintentional interference. In FHSS, the transmitter hops between available narrowband frequencies within a specified broad channel in a pseudo-random sequence known to both sender and receiver. A short burst of data is transmitted on the current narrowband channel, then transmitter and receiver tune to the next frequency in the sequence for the next burst of data. In most systems, the transmitter will hop to a new frequency more than twice per second. Because no channel is used for long, and the odds of any other transmitter being on the same channel at the same time are low, FHSS is often used as a method to allow multiple transmitter and receiver pairs to operate in the same space on the same broad channel at the same time. Frequency hopping serves three major purpose in GSM 1) FREQUECY RESUSE AND TO AVOID CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE 2) INCREASES THE CHANNEL CAPACITY OF LIMITED GSM CHANNELS 3) DECREASES MULTIPATH INTERFERENCE OF RADIO SIGNAL..
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3rd lec fcss
Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a method of wireless communication where the frequency of the transmitted signal is rapidly switched, or hopped, among many distinct frequencies within a wide band of frequencies. This hopping occurs according to a pseudorandom sequence that is known to both the transmitter and receiver. By hopping between many frequencies, FHSS improves interference rejection, provides security against eavesdropping, and allows multiple transmitters to operate in the same space without interference. Some advantages of FHSS include improved interference rejection, secure communication, increased capacity and spectral efficiency, and lower implementation costs. FHSS is commonly used in military communications systems and satellite communications.
Topic: Spread Spectrum
These slides cover a topic on Spread spectrum in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
time hopping spread spectrum term paper
time hopping spread spectrum term paper,Transmission and reception of THSS and its comparison with DSSS and FHSS
FHSS- Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum
introduction to frequency hopping spread spectrum, pseudo noise generator, slow and fast FHSS, uses of FHSS
09 spread spectrum
Spread spectrum is an important encoding method for wireless communications that spreads analog and digital data over a wide bandwidth using either frequency hopping or direct sequence techniques. Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) transmits a signal over a seemingly random series of frequencies, making it difficult to jam. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) represents each data bit with a code sequence, spreading the signal across the frequency band. Code division multiple access (CDMA) allows multiple users to share the same bandwidth by assigning each a unique spreading code.
Spread spectrum technologies
Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) spreads data over a wide frequency band by combining the data with a redundant bit sequence called a chipping code. It can transmit at 1, 2, 5.5, and 11 Mbps using different encoding and modulation schemes. Barker coding maps each data bit to an 11-bit sequence for 1-2 Mbps using DBPSK or DQPSK. Complementary code keying maps groups of data bits to unique 8-bit sequences for 5.5-11 Mbps using DQPSK phase shifts. DSSS occupies a 22 MHz band but can tolerate some interference due to its processing gain from spreading the signal.
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3rd lec fcss
Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a method of wireless communication where the frequency of the transmitted signal is rapidly switched, or hopped, among many distinct frequencies within a wide band of frequencies. This hopping occurs according to a pseudorandom sequence that is known to both the transmitter and receiver. By hopping between many frequencies, FHSS improves interference rejection, provides security against eavesdropping, and allows multiple transmitters to operate in the same space without interference. Some advantages of FHSS include improved interference rejection, secure communication, increased capacity and spectral efficiency, and lower implementation costs. FHSS is commonly used in military communications systems and satellite communications.
Topic: Spread Spectrum
These slides cover a topic on Spread spectrum in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
time hopping spread spectrum term paper
time hopping spread spectrum term paper,Transmission and reception of THSS and its comparison with DSSS and FHSS
FHSS- Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum
introduction to frequency hopping spread spectrum, pseudo noise generator, slow and fast FHSS, uses of FHSS
09 spread spectrum
Spread spectrum is an important encoding method for wireless communications that spreads analog and digital data over a wide bandwidth using either frequency hopping or direct sequence techniques. Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) transmits a signal over a seemingly random series of frequencies, making it difficult to jam. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) represents each data bit with a code sequence, spreading the signal across the frequency band. Code division multiple access (CDMA) allows multiple users to share the same bandwidth by assigning each a unique spreading code.
Spread spectrum technologies
Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) spreads data over a wide frequency band by combining the data with a redundant bit sequence called a chipping code. It can transmit at 1, 2, 5.5, and 11 Mbps using different encoding and modulation schemes. Barker coding maps each data bit to an 11-bit sequence for 1-2 Mbps using DBPSK or DQPSK. Complementary code keying maps groups of data bits to unique 8-bit sequences for 5.5-11 Mbps using DQPSK phase shifts. DSSS occupies a 22 MHz band but can tolerate some interference due to its processing gain from spreading the signal.
09-SpreadSpectrum.ppt
Spread spectrum encoding spreads data over a wide bandwidth to make jamming and interception harder. It uses either frequency hopping or direct sequence approaches. Some advantages of spread spectrum are immunity from noise and multipath distortion, ability to hide or encrypt signals, and allowing multiple users to share bandwidth with little interference. Pseudorandom numbers are used to determine hopping sequences or spreading codes, and must be known to decode the signal. Frequency hopping spreads a signal over different frequencies in sync between transmitter and receiver, while direct sequence represents each bit with multiple bits using a spreading code. Code division multiple access allows multiplexing using spreading codes unique to each user.
FHSS
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a communication scheme where the transmitter and receiver switch between different frequencies according to a known standard. FHSS provides robust communication that is resistant to noise, interference, and multipath effects. It allows multiple networks to operate simultaneously without interfering with each other. FHSS also provides security benefits without additional cost due to the unpredictable hopping between frequencies. Common applications of FHSS include military communications systems and small business radios.
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) System
This presentation discusses the Spread Spectrum principles. Highlighting on FHSS technique. Also presents Synchronization and Correlation techniques.
Multiple Access Techniques
Multiple Access Techniques:
Pre-assigned FDMA,
Demand-assigned FDMA,
Spade System,
TDMA,
Frame and burst formats of TDMA,
Reference burst,
On-board signal processing,
Network Synchronization,
Satellite-Switched TDMA
5.spread spectrum technology
This document discusses spread spectrum technology, which is a radio transmission technique used to increase security and resistance to interference. There are four main spread spectrum techniques: direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency hopped spread spectrum, time hopped spread spectrum, and pulse hopped spread spectrum. Direct sequence spread spectrum multiplies the data signal by a pseudo-random code before transmission. Frequency hopped spread spectrum divides the bandwidth into channels and hops the signal between them in a predetermined sequence. Spread spectrum provides benefits like increased capacity, resistance to multipath effects, and security since the signals are difficult for unauthorized parties to intercept or detect.
Spread spectrum
Spread spectrum is a technique that spreads user data signals across a larger frequency band to provide resistance to narrowband interference. It works by converting a narrowband signal into a broadband signal at the sender, then reconverting it back to narrowband at the receiver while spreading any interference. Two common spread spectrum techniques are direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), which spreads signals using a chipping sequence, and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), which splits the bandwidth into smaller channels and hops between them.
N010527986
This document analyzes multipath fading profiles in multiple access system grids using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. It discusses how OFDMA systems exploit multiuser diversity and frequency selectivity to achieve high spectral efficiencies but require feedback and are sensitive to delays. It proposes a non-iterative method for resource allocation that has lower complexity than previous methods and simulates higher data rates. It also analyzes popular feedback schemes and the impact of feedback delays on system throughput.
Spread Spectrum
Spread spectrum is a technique used in wireless communication to spread data over a wider bandwidth through encoding. There are two main types: frequency hopping (FHSS) and direct sequence (DSSS). FHSS transmits data by rapidly switching frequencies in a random, synchronized pattern between transmitter and receiver. DSSS represents each bit as a sequence of bits through spreading codes, effectively spreading the signal across a wider bandwidth. Both techniques make signal detection and jamming more difficult. Pseudorandom number generators are used to generate the deterministic spreading codes needed to encode and decode signals.
Lecture 5
The document discusses various digital modulation techniques used in wireless communication systems. It explains the concepts of frequency-shift keying (FSK), minimum-shift keying (MSK), Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) used in GSM. It also discusses phase-shift keying (PSK) techniques like binary PSK (BPSK), quadrature PSK (QPSK) and differential QPSK (DQPSK). Further, it introduces quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and hierarchical modulation used in DVB-T. The document also explains spread spectrum techniques like direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), discussing their advantages and applications in cellular networks
Lect13 multiple access
Multiple access techniques allow multiple users to share a channel by dividing the available bandwidth through frequency, time, or code division. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) allocates unique frequency bands to each user. Time division multiple access (TDMA) divides the channel into time slots and allocates slots to users. Code division multiple access (CDMA) spreads each signal over the entire bandwidth using unique codes. Common examples are GSM which uses FDMA and TDMA, and CDMA cellular networks. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi both use frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) to avoid interference.
Complex propagation
The document discusses HF aviation communication systems and complex radio wave propagation phenomena like refraction, absorption, and non-line-of-sight propagation that can occur. It covers topics like layer refraction, obstacle refraction, atmosphere absorption, ground wave propagation, reflection and multipath effects, sky wave propagation through the ionosphere, HF band allocation and characteristics, transmitter and receiver design considerations, selective calling systems, and factors that influence HF channel availability.
Chapter 7 multiple access techniques
Multiple access techniques allow multiple users to share finite radio spectrum resources simultaneously. They can be categorized as narrowband or wideband. Common techniques include FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and SDMA. FDMA divides the total bandwidth into narrow channels that are allocated to users. TDMA divides each channel into time slots that are allocated to users. CDMA spreads the signal over a wide bandwidth using pseudo-random codes and allows multiple signals to overlap in both time and frequency.
Spread spectrum
This document discusses spread spectrum communication techniques. Spread spectrum spreads a narrowband signal over a wide range of frequencies for transmission and then de-spreads it back to the original bandwidth at the receiver. There are two main types: frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) which changes the transmission frequency periodically, and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) which multiplies the data by a pseudo-random code before transmission. Spread spectrum provides benefits like efficient bandwidth utilization, interference rejection, and secure communication.
Adjacent channel interference in wireless .
Interference occurs when signals from one wireless channel leak into another, degrading performance. Adjacent channel interference specifically refers to interference between neighboring frequency bands. It results from imperfect receiver filters allowing nearby frequencies to blend together. This causes distorted transmissions, dropped calls, and reduced throughput. Interference can be minimized by carefully assigning non-adjacent channels to different cells and using adequate filtering to separate signals.
Improving The Performance Of Multiuser OFDM Wireless System With UWB Channel
The multi user OFDM system can be used to produce a highly flexible and effective communication
system. In the existing multi user OFDM system, resource allocation to each user is the major problem. Also the existing
multi user OFDM system uses frequency diversity technique that requires sparse bandwidth and multiple receivers
improving the complexity. In order to increase the system performance, the proposed system allows multiple user data to
be multiplexed together to form a single OFDM symbol where the resources are allocated equally to all users. The
proposed multiuser OFDM system achieves double the capacity and better performance in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio
and Bit Error Rate of a single user OFDM system and the UWB channel is used to securely transmit the data through the
channel. Also, the proposed system reduces the receiver complexity by using polarization diversity to receive the
multipath components for multiple users.
Concept of Diversity & Fading (wireless communication)
This document discusses concepts related to fading and diversity in wireless communication systems. It introduces fading as signal variations caused by multipath interference from multiple signal propagation paths. It describes two types of fading: large-scale fading due to path loss and shadowing, and small-scale fading which includes fast fading due to mobility and slow fading due to shadowing. It also discusses different diversity techniques that can be used to combat fading, including space, polarization, frequency and time diversity.
spread spectrum
Data Communications,Data Networks,computer communications,multiplexing,spread spectrum,protocol architecture,data link protocols,signal encoding techniques,transmission media
Frequency division multiplexing (fdm)
Several FSK signals can be transmitted simultaneously using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) by assigning each a different center frequency. For HF radio systems, multiple audio FSK signals are often combined into a single-sideband transmission using FDM, allowing 16 or more tone channels per 3 kHz sideband. To improve performance against HF radio fading, tone channels may be duplicated across different frequencies or interleaved so the mark and space tones are widely separated, providing frequency diversity without reducing bandwidth efficiency.
UNIT-5 Spread Spectrum Communication.pdf
This document provides an overview of spread spectrum communication. It discusses the advantages of spread spectrum such as interference suppression, multiple access capability, and message privacy. It describes the basic model of a spread spectrum system including pseudorandom sequence generation and synchronization. The two main types of spread spectrum modulation are direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). Pseudorandom sequences are explained which are used to spread and later recover the signal. The document provides historical background on transmitted reference versus stored reference spread spectrum approaches.
SYBSC IT COMPUTER NETWORKS UNIT II Bandwidth Utilization
Multiplexing allows multiple signals or information streams to be transmitted simultaneously over a communications link. There are several types of multiplexing including frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), and time-division multiplexing (TDM). Spread spectrum techniques are used to spread signals across a wide bandwidth to improve protection against interference and provide more secure transmission. Methods like frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) transmit signals across multiple frequencies or use pseudorandom codes.
Between 2000 and 2002, then again from 2008 to 2010, access measures.pdf
Between 2000 and 2002, then again from 2008 to 2010, access measures showed no
improvement and quality of care measures improved more slowly in racial groups and certain
ethnic populations, than the improvements for the total population.
Solution
Ans:
The health care quality chasm is better described as a gulf for certain segments of the population,
such as racial and ethnic minority groups, given the gap between actual care received and ideal
or best care quality. The landmark Institute of Medicine report Crossing the Quality Chasm: A
New Health System for the 21st Century challenges all health care organizations to pursue six
major aims of health care improvement: safety, timeliness, effectiveness, efficiency, equity, and
patient-centeredness. “Equity” aims to ensure that quality care is available to all and that the
quality of care provided does not differ by race, ethnicity, or other personal characteristics
unrelated to a patient\'s reason for seeking care. Baylor Health Care System is in the unique
position of being able to examine the current state of equity in a typical health care delivery
system and to lead the way in health equity research. Its organizational vision, “culture of
quality,” and involved leadership bode well for achieving equitable best care. However,
inequities in access, use, and outcomes of health care must be scrutinized; the moral, ethical, and
economic issues they raise and the critical injustice they create must be remedied if this goal is to
be achieved. Eliminating any observed inequities in health care must be synergistically
integrated with quality improvement. Quality performance indicators currently collected and
evaluated indicate that Baylor Health Care System often performs better than the national
average. However, there are significant variations in care by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and
socioeconomic status that indicate the many remaining challenges in achieving “best care” for
all.
Explanation: The U.S. health care system is designed to improve the physical and mental well-
being of all Americans by preventing, diagnosing, and treating illness and by supporting optimal
function. Across the lifespan, health care helps people stay healthy, recover from illness, live
with chronic disease or disability, and cope with death and dying. Quality health care delivers
these services in ways that are safe, timely, patient centered, efficient, and equitable.
Unfortunately, Americans too often do not receive care they need, or they receive care that
causes harm. Care can be delivered too late or without full consideration of a patient\'s
preferences and values. Many times, our system of health care distributes services inefficiently
and unevenly across populations. Some Americans receive worse care than others. These
disparities may occur for a variety of reasons, including differences in access to care, social
determinants, provider biases, poor provider-patient communication, and poor health literacy.
Each.
Below is a diagram of the coding strand of DNA showing a gene please .pdf
Below is a diagram of the coding strand of DNA showing a gene please use this image for
questions 3 and 4). The arrow represents the transcription start site. Which region contains the
3\' Untranslated Region (UTR)? A B C D E
Solution
Answer: D
Reason:
When transcription occurs, the m RNA formed is longer than the actual RNA code for protein . It
has few bases at 5’ and 3’ end to protect its degradation in cell environment. While translation,
which started at middle of exon 1 and stopped at the middle of exon 3, Exon 1 has few portion
(C), and exon 3 has few portion (D), which is not undergoing translation. These regions are
known as translated regions at 5’ (C) and 3’ (D) end respectively. DNA has 5’ (in diagram) and
3’ (opposite end, not shown in diagram)..
More Related Content
Similar to How does frequency hopping affect security precautions, if it all..pdf
09-SpreadSpectrum.ppt
Spread spectrum encoding spreads data over a wide bandwidth to make jamming and interception harder. It uses either frequency hopping or direct sequence approaches. Some advantages of spread spectrum are immunity from noise and multipath distortion, ability to hide or encrypt signals, and allowing multiple users to share bandwidth with little interference. Pseudorandom numbers are used to determine hopping sequences or spreading codes, and must be known to decode the signal. Frequency hopping spreads a signal over different frequencies in sync between transmitter and receiver, while direct sequence represents each bit with multiple bits using a spreading code. Code division multiple access allows multiplexing using spreading codes unique to each user.
FHSS
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a communication scheme where the transmitter and receiver switch between different frequencies according to a known standard. FHSS provides robust communication that is resistant to noise, interference, and multipath effects. It allows multiple networks to operate simultaneously without interfering with each other. FHSS also provides security benefits without additional cost due to the unpredictable hopping between frequencies. Common applications of FHSS include military communications systems and small business radios.
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) System
This presentation discusses the Spread Spectrum principles. Highlighting on FHSS technique. Also presents Synchronization and Correlation techniques.
Multiple Access Techniques
Multiple Access Techniques:
Pre-assigned FDMA,
Demand-assigned FDMA,
Spade System,
TDMA,
Frame and burst formats of TDMA,
Reference burst,
On-board signal processing,
Network Synchronization,
Satellite-Switched TDMA
5.spread spectrum technology
This document discusses spread spectrum technology, which is a radio transmission technique used to increase security and resistance to interference. There are four main spread spectrum techniques: direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency hopped spread spectrum, time hopped spread spectrum, and pulse hopped spread spectrum. Direct sequence spread spectrum multiplies the data signal by a pseudo-random code before transmission. Frequency hopped spread spectrum divides the bandwidth into channels and hops the signal between them in a predetermined sequence. Spread spectrum provides benefits like increased capacity, resistance to multipath effects, and security since the signals are difficult for unauthorized parties to intercept or detect.
Spread spectrum
Spread spectrum is a technique that spreads user data signals across a larger frequency band to provide resistance to narrowband interference. It works by converting a narrowband signal into a broadband signal at the sender, then reconverting it back to narrowband at the receiver while spreading any interference. Two common spread spectrum techniques are direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), which spreads signals using a chipping sequence, and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), which splits the bandwidth into smaller channels and hops between them.
N010527986
This document analyzes multipath fading profiles in multiple access system grids using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. It discusses how OFDMA systems exploit multiuser diversity and frequency selectivity to achieve high spectral efficiencies but require feedback and are sensitive to delays. It proposes a non-iterative method for resource allocation that has lower complexity than previous methods and simulates higher data rates. It also analyzes popular feedback schemes and the impact of feedback delays on system throughput.
Spread Spectrum
Spread spectrum is a technique used in wireless communication to spread data over a wider bandwidth through encoding. There are two main types: frequency hopping (FHSS) and direct sequence (DSSS). FHSS transmits data by rapidly switching frequencies in a random, synchronized pattern between transmitter and receiver. DSSS represents each bit as a sequence of bits through spreading codes, effectively spreading the signal across a wider bandwidth. Both techniques make signal detection and jamming more difficult. Pseudorandom number generators are used to generate the deterministic spreading codes needed to encode and decode signals.
Lecture 5
The document discusses various digital modulation techniques used in wireless communication systems. It explains the concepts of frequency-shift keying (FSK), minimum-shift keying (MSK), Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) used in GSM. It also discusses phase-shift keying (PSK) techniques like binary PSK (BPSK), quadrature PSK (QPSK) and differential QPSK (DQPSK). Further, it introduces quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and hierarchical modulation used in DVB-T. The document also explains spread spectrum techniques like direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), discussing their advantages and applications in cellular networks
Lect13 multiple access
Multiple access techniques allow multiple users to share a channel by dividing the available bandwidth through frequency, time, or code division. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) allocates unique frequency bands to each user. Time division multiple access (TDMA) divides the channel into time slots and allocates slots to users. Code division multiple access (CDMA) spreads each signal over the entire bandwidth using unique codes. Common examples are GSM which uses FDMA and TDMA, and CDMA cellular networks. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi both use frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) to avoid interference.
Complex propagation
The document discusses HF aviation communication systems and complex radio wave propagation phenomena like refraction, absorption, and non-line-of-sight propagation that can occur. It covers topics like layer refraction, obstacle refraction, atmosphere absorption, ground wave propagation, reflection and multipath effects, sky wave propagation through the ionosphere, HF band allocation and characteristics, transmitter and receiver design considerations, selective calling systems, and factors that influence HF channel availability.
Chapter 7 multiple access techniques
Multiple access techniques allow multiple users to share finite radio spectrum resources simultaneously. They can be categorized as narrowband or wideband. Common techniques include FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and SDMA. FDMA divides the total bandwidth into narrow channels that are allocated to users. TDMA divides each channel into time slots that are allocated to users. CDMA spreads the signal over a wide bandwidth using pseudo-random codes and allows multiple signals to overlap in both time and frequency.
Spread spectrum
This document discusses spread spectrum communication techniques. Spread spectrum spreads a narrowband signal over a wide range of frequencies for transmission and then de-spreads it back to the original bandwidth at the receiver. There are two main types: frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) which changes the transmission frequency periodically, and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) which multiplies the data by a pseudo-random code before transmission. Spread spectrum provides benefits like efficient bandwidth utilization, interference rejection, and secure communication.
Adjacent channel interference in wireless .
Interference occurs when signals from one wireless channel leak into another, degrading performance. Adjacent channel interference specifically refers to interference between neighboring frequency bands. It results from imperfect receiver filters allowing nearby frequencies to blend together. This causes distorted transmissions, dropped calls, and reduced throughput. Interference can be minimized by carefully assigning non-adjacent channels to different cells and using adequate filtering to separate signals.
Improving The Performance Of Multiuser OFDM Wireless System With UWB Channel
The multi user OFDM system can be used to produce a highly flexible and effective communication
system. In the existing multi user OFDM system, resource allocation to each user is the major problem. Also the existing
multi user OFDM system uses frequency diversity technique that requires sparse bandwidth and multiple receivers
improving the complexity. In order to increase the system performance, the proposed system allows multiple user data to
be multiplexed together to form a single OFDM symbol where the resources are allocated equally to all users. The
proposed multiuser OFDM system achieves double the capacity and better performance in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio
and Bit Error Rate of a single user OFDM system and the UWB channel is used to securely transmit the data through the
channel. Also, the proposed system reduces the receiver complexity by using polarization diversity to receive the
multipath components for multiple users.
Concept of Diversity & Fading (wireless communication)
This document discusses concepts related to fading and diversity in wireless communication systems. It introduces fading as signal variations caused by multipath interference from multiple signal propagation paths. It describes two types of fading: large-scale fading due to path loss and shadowing, and small-scale fading which includes fast fading due to mobility and slow fading due to shadowing. It also discusses different diversity techniques that can be used to combat fading, including space, polarization, frequency and time diversity.
spread spectrum
Data Communications,Data Networks,computer communications,multiplexing,spread spectrum,protocol architecture,data link protocols,signal encoding techniques,transmission media
Frequency division multiplexing (fdm)
Several FSK signals can be transmitted simultaneously using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) by assigning each a different center frequency. For HF radio systems, multiple audio FSK signals are often combined into a single-sideband transmission using FDM, allowing 16 or more tone channels per 3 kHz sideband. To improve performance against HF radio fading, tone channels may be duplicated across different frequencies or interleaved so the mark and space tones are widely separated, providing frequency diversity without reducing bandwidth efficiency.
UNIT-5 Spread Spectrum Communication.pdf
This document provides an overview of spread spectrum communication. It discusses the advantages of spread spectrum such as interference suppression, multiple access capability, and message privacy. It describes the basic model of a spread spectrum system including pseudorandom sequence generation and synchronization. The two main types of spread spectrum modulation are direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). Pseudorandom sequences are explained which are used to spread and later recover the signal. The document provides historical background on transmitted reference versus stored reference spread spectrum approaches.
SYBSC IT COMPUTER NETWORKS UNIT II Bandwidth Utilization
Multiplexing allows multiple signals or information streams to be transmitted simultaneously over a communications link. There are several types of multiplexing including frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), and time-division multiplexing (TDM). Spread spectrum techniques are used to spread signals across a wide bandwidth to improve protection against interference and provide more secure transmission. Methods like frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) transmit signals across multiple frequencies or use pseudorandom codes.
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Between 2000 and 2002, then again from 2008 to 2010, access measures.pdf
Between 2000 and 2002, then again from 2008 to 2010, access measures showed no
improvement and quality of care measures improved more slowly in racial groups and certain
ethnic populations, than the improvements for the total population.
Solution
Ans:
The health care quality chasm is better described as a gulf for certain segments of the population,
such as racial and ethnic minority groups, given the gap between actual care received and ideal
or best care quality. The landmark Institute of Medicine report Crossing the Quality Chasm: A
New Health System for the 21st Century challenges all health care organizations to pursue six
major aims of health care improvement: safety, timeliness, effectiveness, efficiency, equity, and
patient-centeredness. “Equity” aims to ensure that quality care is available to all and that the
quality of care provided does not differ by race, ethnicity, or other personal characteristics
unrelated to a patient\'s reason for seeking care. Baylor Health Care System is in the unique
position of being able to examine the current state of equity in a typical health care delivery
system and to lead the way in health equity research. Its organizational vision, “culture of
quality,” and involved leadership bode well for achieving equitable best care. However,
inequities in access, use, and outcomes of health care must be scrutinized; the moral, ethical, and
economic issues they raise and the critical injustice they create must be remedied if this goal is to
be achieved. Eliminating any observed inequities in health care must be synergistically
integrated with quality improvement. Quality performance indicators currently collected and
evaluated indicate that Baylor Health Care System often performs better than the national
average. However, there are significant variations in care by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and
socioeconomic status that indicate the many remaining challenges in achieving “best care” for
all.
Explanation: The U.S. health care system is designed to improve the physical and mental well-
being of all Americans by preventing, diagnosing, and treating illness and by supporting optimal
function. Across the lifespan, health care helps people stay healthy, recover from illness, live
with chronic disease or disability, and cope with death and dying. Quality health care delivers
these services in ways that are safe, timely, patient centered, efficient, and equitable.
Unfortunately, Americans too often do not receive care they need, or they receive care that
causes harm. Care can be delivered too late or without full consideration of a patient\'s
preferences and values. Many times, our system of health care distributes services inefficiently
and unevenly across populations. Some Americans receive worse care than others. These
disparities may occur for a variety of reasons, including differences in access to care, social
determinants, provider biases, poor provider-patient communication, and poor health literacy.
Each.
Below is a diagram of the coding strand of DNA showing a gene please .pdf
Below is a diagram of the coding strand of DNA showing a gene please use this image for
questions 3 and 4). The arrow represents the transcription start site. Which region contains the
3\' Untranslated Region (UTR)? A B C D E
Solution
Answer: D
Reason:
When transcription occurs, the m RNA formed is longer than the actual RNA code for protein . It
has few bases at 5’ and 3’ end to protect its degradation in cell environment. While translation,
which started at middle of exon 1 and stopped at the middle of exon 3, Exon 1 has few portion
(C), and exon 3 has few portion (D), which is not undergoing translation. These regions are
known as translated regions at 5’ (C) and 3’ (D) end respectively. DNA has 5’ (in diagram) and
3’ (opposite end, not shown in diagram)..
A patient has a tidal volume of 0.50 L, a frequency of breathing or r.pdf
A patient has a tidal volume of 0.50 L, a frequency of breathing or respiratory rate of 19.0
breaths/min, and an anatomical dead space volume of 0.20 L. Calculate the alveolar ventilation
rate.
Solution
The alveolar ventilation (VA) and the dead space ventilation/volume (VD) together combine to
form pulmonary ventilation rate (V). So, V = VA + VD or VA = V - VD
The pulmonary ventilation rate is given by, V = VT x f
Where VT = Tidal volume and f = Respiratory Rate
Here we know, VT = 0.5 and f = 19. So, V = 0.5*19 = 9.5 L
We are given that VD = 0.2 L, So, VA = 9.5 - 0.2 = 9.3 L
Hence, VA i.e. Alveolar Ventilation rate is 9.3 L/min.
Write a program to recognizing Idenifier Or Constant in C language.pdf
Write a program to recognizing Idenifier Or Constant in C language
Below is sample input and output
/* Output:
enter string
sum 10
sum is Identifier
10 is Constant */
Solution
#include int main() { int number; // printf() dislpays the formatted output
printf(\"Enter an integer: \"); // scanf() reads the formatted input and stores them
scanf(\"%d\", &number); // printf() displays the formatted output printf(\"You entered:
%d\", number); return 0; }.
Why having a lipid rich cell wall make a bacteria harder to stain.pdf
Why having a lipid rich cell wall make a bacteria harder to stain?
Solution
In lipid rich cell walled bacteria the alcohol easily pass through the walls making loss of lipid
and increasing pores in the membrane thus making the cell wall more porous and the stain is
easily washed out distaining the cell. So it is difficult to retain the stain inside the lipid rich cell
walled bacteria while staining (Harder to stain)..
Which of the following statements about leasing is falseALease fina.pdf
Which of the following statements about leasing is false?ALease financing is a substitute for
debt financing.
Solution
Lease is defined as a contract between two parties for use of assets of one parties by paying rent
for using assets. the owner of assets is calls Lessor and the person who use assets is called
Lessee. In lease analysis residual value that is value of assets at end of lease contract must be
considered. In operating lease maintainance expense should be paid by lessee only. Lease is
considered as substitute for debt financing.
So, Incorrect statement about lease contract option (E)..
using the single linked list code written in the class or in the lab,.pdf
using the single linked list code written in the class or in the lab, write and test the follow
function: Merge() function that takes two lists, each of which is sorted in increasing order, and
merges the two together into one list which is in increasing order.
Solution
//The main class
class MergeList {
Node head; // head of list
static Node a, b;
//Node class
static class Node {
int element;
Node next;
// Constructor to create a new node
Node(int d) {
element = d;
next = null;
}
}
void printlist(Node node) {
while (node != null) {
System.out.print(node.element + \" \");
node = node.next;
}
}
Node sortMerge(Node node1, Node node2) {
// Here we will check whether both the list are null or not.
if (node1 == null && node2 == null) {
return null;
}
// sortResultant node
Node sortRes = null;
// Now we will compare and merge the elements of both the list.
while (node1 != null && node2 != null) {
// We will compare current element of both lists
if (node1.element >= node2.element) {
Node temp = node1.next;
node1.next = sortRes;
sortRes = node1;
node1 = temp;
} else {
Node temp = node2.next;
node2.next = sortRes;
sortRes = node2;
node2 = temp;
}
}
// If second list reached end, but first list has
// nodes. Add remaining nodes of first list at the
// front of sortResult list
while (node1 != null) {
Node temp = node1.next;
node1.next = sortRes;
sortRes = node1;
node1 = temp;
}
// If first list reached end, but second list has
// node. Add remaining nodes of first list at the
// front of sortResult list
while (node2 != null) {
Node temp = node2.next;
node2.next = sortRes;
sortRes = node2;
node2 = temp;
}
return sortRes;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MergeList list = new MergeList();
Node sortResult = null;
//Create two linked list
list.a = new Node(5);
list.a.next = new Node(10);
list.a.next.next = new Node(15);
list.b = new Node(2);
list.b.next = new Node(3);
list.b.next.next = new Node(20);
System.out.println(\"List a before merge :\");
list.printlist(a);
System.out.println(\"\");
System.out.println(\"List b before merge :\");
list.printlist(b);
// Cal the function to merge the list in increasing order.
sortResult = list.sortedmerge(a, b);
System.out.println(\"\");
System.out.println(\"Merged linked list : \");
list.printlist(sortResult);
}
}.
A database management system is also referred to as a database. True.pdf
A database management system is also referred to as a database. True False Which of the
following is true of a virtual private network (VPN)? It provides a secure connection for
information transmitted over the public Internet. It does not encrypt messages. It is limited to
organizational use. It can be used to store highly sensitive information of an organization in
local clients. Compute represent data using binary digits called _____. dots pixels tags bits
McCann Systems, a leading IT firm, develops a customized billing software to meet the needs of
its individual customers. In this case, the software developed by the firm is referred to as a (n)
_____. vertical-market application software horizontal-market application software open
source software application simulation software Phobias Inc. offers an online service that stores
notes made by customers on the cloud. When a customer enters notes on a device, it gets updated
in all the devices he/she owns. Which of the following cloud-based offering does Phobias Inc.
provide to its customers? Unified communications as a service (UCaaS) platforms as a service
(PaaS) software as a service (SaaS) infrastructure as a service (IaaS) The conversion of the
existing traditional databases in organizations to NoSQL database is _____. Highly efficient and
is being practiced by many organizations highly recommended because it is user friendly very
cost-effective but can be enormously disruptive unnecessary when relational database meet the
needs of organizations
Solution
21 b) False
Database contains different levels of abstraction:
1) External (How the users view the data)
2) Conceptual (Communication medium between internal and external levels)
3) Internal (How the data is physically stored)
DBMS is a software that manages databases and allows us to create, edit and delete database,
their tables and their data.
Examples: MySQL, Oracle, etc
22) a) It provides a secure connection for information transmitted over the public network.
c) Yes it is limited to organizational use.
23) d) bits
24) a) vertical application software
Vertical application is supports a specific business process and targets a smaller number of users
with specific need and job responsibilities within an organization.
25) IaaS
26) A and B.
An envolope contains three cards A black card that is black on both.pdf
An envolope contains three cards: A black card that is black on both sides, a white card that is
white on both sides and a mixed card that is black on one side and white on the other. You select
one card on random and note that the card facing up is black. What is the probability that the
other side is black?
Solution
P(first side is black) = (1/3)*(1) + (1/3)*(1/2) + (1/3)*(0)
P(first side is black) = 1/2 = 0.5
P(other side is black|first side is black) = P(both sides black)/P(first side is black)
= (1/3)*1/(0.5)
= 2/3 = 0.67.
There was a mass extinction of plants and animals at the end of the P.pdf
There was a mass extinction of plants and animals at the end of the Permian period 250 million
years ago. Which of the following would be a reasonable prediction for the fungal fossil record?
A. There should be a massive increase in saprophytic fossils during the extinction, and then a
massive decline shortly after the extinction was complete. B. There should be a massive increase
in mycorrhizal fossils during the extinction and few afterward. C. There should be a massive
decrease in all fungal fossils just prior to the time that plant and animal species started to decline,
and the number of these fossils should remain low throughout the extinction period. D. There
should be a slow increase in all fungal fossils during the time that plant and animal species
declined, with their numbers staying relatively high after ward since there was little competition
from other species.
Solution
correct answer:-(A)There should be a massive increase in saprophytic fossils during the
extiction,and then a massive decline shortly after the extiction was complete.
Because when the saprophytic plants died,they must have definitely become a large amount of
fossil.Moreover fungal fossils are very difficult to identify,only except some fungi.When the
extinction was complete it was shortly decline..
The size P of a certain insect population at time t (in days) obeys t.pdf
The size P of a certain insect population at time t (in days) obeys the function P(t) = 500 e^0 01t.
Determine the number of insects at t = 0 days. What is the growth rate of the insect population?
What is the population after 10 days? When will the insect population reach 700? When will the
insect population double? What is the number of insects at t = 0 days? Insects
Solution.
The fundamental theory of electromagnetic field is based on Maxwell.pdf
The fundamental theory of electromagnetic field is based on Maxwell\'s equations. These
equations govern the electromagnetic fields, E, D, H, and there relations to the source, f and p_v.
In a source-free region, list the Maxwell\'s equations for time-harmonic fields: Given the Phaser
from of the electric field E? For the above given electric field, is B varying with time? Why?
Solution
Maxwell’s equations simplify considerably in the case of harmonic time dependence. Through
the inverse Fourier transform, general solutions of Maxwell’s equation can be built as linear
combinations of single-frequency solutions:† E(r, t)= E(r, )ejt d2 (1) Thus, we assume that all
fields have a time dependence ejt: E(r, t)= E(r)ejt, H(r, t)= H(r)ejt where the phasor amplitudes
E(r), H(r) are complex-valued. Replacing time derivatives by t j, we may rewrite Eq. in the
form:
× E = jB
× H = J + jD
· D =
· B = 0
(Maxwell’s equations) (2) In this book, we will consider the solutions of Eqs. (.2) in three
different contexts: (a) uniform plane waves propagating in dielectrics, conductors, and
birefringent media, (b) guided waves propagating in hollow waveguides, transmission lines, and
optical fibers, and (c) propagating waves generated by antennas and apertures
Next, we review some conventions regarding phasors and time averages. A realvalued sinusoid
has the complex phasor representation: A(t)= |A| cos(t + ) A(t)= Aejt (3) where A = |A|ej. Thus,
we have A(t)= Re A(t) = Re Aejt . The time averages of the quantities A(t) and A(t) over one
period T = 2/ are zero. The time average of the product of two harmonic quantities A(t)= Re Aejt
and B(t)= Re Bejt with phasors A, B is given by A(t)B(t) = 1T T0 A(t)B(t) dt = 12 Re AB] (4) In
particular, the mean-square value is given by: A2(t) = 1T T0 A2(t) dt = 12 Re AA]= 12|A|2 (5)
Some interesting time averages in electromagnetic wave problems are the time averages of the
energy density, the Poynting vector (energy flux), and the ohmic power losses per unit volume.
Using the definition) and the result (.4), we have for these time averages:
w = 1 2 Re 12E · E + 12H · H (energy density) P = 1/ 2 Re E × H (Poynting vector) dPloss dV =
1/ 2 Re Jtot · E (ohmic losses) (6) where Jtot = J + jD is the total current in the right-hand side of
Amp`ere’s law and accounts for both conducting and dielectric losses. The time-averaged
version of Poynting’s theorem is discussed in Problem 1.5. The expression (1.9.6) for the energy
density w was derived under the assumption that both and were constants independent of
frequency. In a dispersive medium, , become functions of frequency. In frequency bands where
(), () are essentially real-valued, that is, where the medium is lossless,that the timeaveraged
energy density generalizes to: w = 1/ 2 Re 1/2 d() d E · E + 1/2 d() d H · H (lossless case) (.7)
The derivation of (.7) is as follows. Starting with Maxwell’s equations (1.1.1) and without
assuming any particular constitutive relations, we obtain:.
Part I – Antibiotics and the Human Microbiome Amelia and her family .pdf
Part I – Antibiotics and the Human Microbiome Amelia and her family had just returned from a
family vacation in Mexico. While there they had enjoyed an abundance of fresh fruit and
vegetables from the local street vendors outside of their hotel. Amelia’s mother normally would
have avoided these fruit stands because her doctor had warned her to be cautious of raw produce
while travelling in less developed countries. But she recently had read a New York Times article
illustrating the benefits of various microbes on the immune system and decided to embrace the
local agriculture in Mexico as a result. However, by the end of their trip, they all had begun to
suffer from nausea and diarrhea. Their family doctor diagnosed 16 year-old Amelia and her
family with food poisoning and promptly placed them all on antibiotics. While her brother and
parents started feeling better relatively quickly, Amelia continued to suffer from gastrointestinal
(GI) distress. She found that she couldn’t leave her home because she was constantly running to
the bathroom (10–12 times per day). While the rest of her family seemed well rested and
recovered, Amelia felt tired, had severe abdominal cramping, and had lost her appetite. After
visiting a gastroenterologist, Amelia was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD). CD is a chronic
inflammatory bowel disease, where the immune cells in the intestine become overly sensitive to
the bacteria residing in the intestines causing pathologic inflammation in the lining of the GI
tract. It typically presents in the small intestine but can occur anywhere along the GI tract from
the mouth down to the anus. Determined to shed some light on her diagnosis, Amelia began to
search the Internet for information. As she read many personal stories of other Crohn’s patients,
she noticed many of them also had the first onset of their disease following a course of
antibiotics. She was astonished to find that her intestines were the home for billions of bacteria
collectively called the gut microbiota. In fact, she read that there were more than 10 times the
number of bacterial cells in her body than human cells; best estimates suggested there are 1013
bacterial cells in a single human body. She was also surprised to discover that some scientists
estimate as many as 10,000 different microbial species reside in or on the average healthy human
body (Proctor, 2012). She found an article in Wired (http://www.
wired.com/2011/09/mf_microbiome/) that described the impact of antibiotics on the gut
microbiota. Amelia was particularly struck by the figure that illustrated the lasting impact that
antibiotics have on microbial diversity in the intestines. She began to wonder about the impact
her recent course of antibiotics had had on her intestines and what it meant for her health.
Questions
1.Look at the figure that Amelia found in Wired pertaining to antibiotics and the microbiota.
What conclusions can you draw from this figure?
2. Given the fact that Amelia fou.
Recall the Squeeze TheoremSuppose that for all n, xn yn zn. If .pdf
Recall the Squeeze Theorem:
Suppose that for all n, xn yn zn. If (xn) and (zn) both converge to L R, then (yn) also converges
to L.
Louis Reasoner gives the following proof:
Using limit comparison theorems, since xn yn, for all n, then lim xn lim yn, and so L lim yn.
Similarly, since yn zn, for all n, then lim yn lim zn, so lim yn L. Putting the 2 inequalities
together, lim yn = L, Q.E.D.
What’s wrong with this proof?
Solution
Nothing is wrong. It is correct..
Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects t.pdf
Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral
postcentral gyrus _______ must have occurred at some point along the pathway.
Solution
Answer: Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral
postcentral gyrus _ decussation_ must have occurred at some point along the pathway.
Reason:
Somatosensory system- decussation:
Proprioceptors (receptors of self -sensation & decussation) are present in the joints and skeletal
(striated) muscles. These receptors sense the relative position of other body parts and balance the
posture. Somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral
postcentral gyrus to parietal lobe, so that initially decussations must have occurred at some point
along the pathway representing a muscular activity. The overall body posture and movement is
balanced by the integration of information received from the vestibular system and
proprioceptors by the brain.
For example, the central information in playing piano is due to severe and increased stimulation
of accompanying motor areas such as premotor cortex with proper planning with proprioception
for decussation. But the activation of cerebellum is a bit less compared to the propriocetion.
Spinocerebellar tracts are more widely projected via dorsal column and to the cerebellum and
finally the information is considerably utilized for rhythmic movements.
This is pathway mainly involved in the sensory ascending pathways to process sensation &
perception through a 3 neuron system finally enable “sensory information” to the central nervous
system through sensory receptor to the cortex. This pathway is mainly involved in mediating
discriminative touch sensation through adequate proprioception & vibration.
This pathway has two white matter tracts profoundly possess a first neuron mainly through
fasciculus gracilis in the medial column from lower limb (T6 and lower) & sensory information
is obtained through fasciculus cuneatus: of lateral column in upper limb (T5)
Features of spinothalamic pathway: This is the sensory pathway mainly involved in processing
sensory information of “poorly localized touch, pressure & temperature”. This pathway is going
to involve cross of sensory information to the spinal cord prior to ascending via the anterior or
spinothalamic & lateral spinothalamic tracts.
Interaction of these two pathways: The interaction of these two pathways are mainly through
axons & spinaothalamic tracts arising into an ascending pathway to transport to the sensory
information processing center in the brain. Mainly spinothalamic neurons are going to use first
order neurons, second order neurons, third order neurons to enter spinal cord and synapse
through posterior gray horns & these neurons are going to carry sensory information of pain,
sensation etc in ventral nucleus group of the thalamus. This information is going to reach through
from the Lemniscal pathway finally relaye.
Say whether each of the following statements is true (“T”) or false .pdf
Say whether each of the following statements is true (“T”) or false (“F”).
__ When modifying existing software, changes should follow the style of the original code.
__ In software testing, “path coverage” is another name for “statement coverage”.
__ The file command can be used to assess the type of a file.
__ The “o” in a pattern o+rx that can be given as as argument to chmod(1) stands for “owner”.
__ A downside to operating systems like LINUX and UNIX is that they still use the concept of
processes.
Other operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows, have done away with processes.
__ To send a signal to a process we use the >>> construct in the shell. For example, to send a
SIGKILL to a process with PID 7476, we would give the command
__ A characteristic of TDD (test-driven development) is the extensive use of prototypes.
__ Most UNIX/LINUX (shell) commands are actually the names of programs.
__ A characteristic of iterative software development is that one breaks a problem into a small
problem plus
a series of increments.
__ In a C/C++ program that includes the file , a data type of uint32_t is always 4 bytes in size.
B. (1 mark each, 6 marks total)
In each of the statements below, fill in the blank with the word or phrase which best fits the
overall state- ment.
In the context of output from ps(1), the acronym PPID stands for
_______________________________ .
The name of the environment variable which defines the list of paths searched by bash for
commands is
_________________________ .
Every complete C/C++ program has a function called __________________ . It is the standard
entry point
to the program.
UNIX/LINUX tools (commands) typically follow the convention of writing their output to
____________________________ and reading their input from __________________________
.
In UNIX/LINUX, a(n) _______________ is a named sequence of nonvolatile bytes.
A(n) _______________ is a a pair of streams, one for writing and one for reading, such that
everything written on the output stream can be read from the input stream in order and with full
fidelity.
C. (26 marks)
For each of the following multiple-choice1 questions, indicate the answer that is the best
response to the question. Circle the label (e.g. “(a)”) of your intended response in each case.
1. Which of the following sentences describing “testing” and “debugging” is true?
(a) Testing finds bugs, debugging locates error messages.
(b) Testing finds coding faults, debugging locates execution failures.
(c) Testing finds execution failures, debugging locates coding faults.
(d) Testing generates error messages, debugging locates bugs.
(e) None of the above.
1. or, as Peppermint Patty from the Peanuts comic strip would say, “mystical guess”
page 2
Cmpt 214 Midterm Examination
October 21, 2014
Which of the following statements regarding good programming style is true?
(a) A user should preferentially use the layout
rather than
(b) A user should preferentially use the layout if (condition)
{ }
r.
Research and identify three IT-related Risk Management Plans and lis.pdf
Research and identify three IT-related Risk Management Plans and list your references to the
three plans you found. Then identify 10 important components of an IT Risk Management Plan
and define these components as well as their importance in an organization. The submitted
document should not exceed two pages in length.
Solution
The three IT related risk management plans are as follows:
Following are the components of an IT related risk management plan:
System characterization: System characterization comprises of identification and listing of the
characteristics of a system. This helps the analysts to identify any bug easily in case of
malfunctioning. The various characteristics of a system can be its need, functional requirement,
mission, goal, network, security controls etc.
Threat identification: This refers to identification of the types of threats a system can face in an
organization. The system is designed in such a way that it is able to identify the threats that
might be harmful for the system that is being used. Hacking, viruses, data compromise are some
of the threats that are faced by systems in an organization.
Vulnerability identification: This involves identification of those areas that are vulnerable for a
system. The vulnerable areas are required to be monitored closely.
Control analysis: This involves controlling various functions that are related with a system and
controlling them so that the system works in the way as required by a company.
Likelihood determination: Likelihood determination relates with determining the likeliness that a
threat may be damaging for the system. There might be likelihood that the threat might be high,
medium or low as far as the likelihood of the threat from a bug is concerned.
Impact analysis: This component analyzes the impact of potential threat from vulnerability. The
impact analysis requires taking into account the importance of the system. In case of critical
system the impact from vulnerability would be high.
Risk determination: This involves determining the amount of risk involved in a system. This
allows the system analysts to formulate the plans accordingly.
Control recommendation: The component requires that there should be recommendations in
place that would require controlling of the system so that the system works optimally and gives
the desired results.
Results documentation: There should be a document that should contain all the details that are
related with the results that are to be provided by the system..
please help me with two partI Bold it out as wrong part which in t.pdf
please help me with two part
I Bold it out as wrong part which in the first part of code and the last part of it.
JAVA CODE
import java.util.List;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.Event;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
// class for revrse multiplication table
public class RC_revmul extends Application
{
// over ride nethod for setup the grid
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage)
{
BorderPane RCpane = new BorderPane();
RCpane.setTop(getHbox1());
HBox RCprompt = new HBox(15);
RCprompt.setPadding(new Insets(15, 15, 15, 15));
RCprompt.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_CENTER);
RCprompt.getStyleClass().add(\"hbox2\");
Label lblRCProblem = new Label(\"Enter Answer: \");
RCprompt.getChildren().add(lblRCProblem);
TextField tfRCProblem = new TextField();
RCprompt.getChildren().add(tfRCProblem);
GridPane RCgridPane = setUpGrid();
GridpaneHelper gh = new GridpaneHelper(RCgridPane); // this lane is wrong but why ?
Button btnRCFindAnswer = new Button(\"Find problems\");
btnRCFindAnswer.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, new EventHandler()
{
@Override
public void handle(Event arg0)
{
List RCx = showFactors(tfRCProblem);
for (int[] RCx1 : RCx) {
Node node = gh.RCgetChildren()[RCx1[0]][RCx1[1]];
node.setStyle(\"-fx-background-color: green\");
}
}
});
RCprompt.getChildren().add(btnRCFindAnswer);
RCpane.setCenter(RCprompt);
RCpane.setBottom(RCgridPane);
Scene scene = new Scene(RCpane, 550, 650);
scene.getStylesheets().add(getClass().getResource(\"application.css\").toExternalForm());
primaryStage.setTitle(\"lab 6\");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
// method for grid layout
private HBox getHbox1()
{
HBox RChbox = new HBox(15);
RChbox.setPadding(new Insets(15, 15, 15, 15));
RChbox.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_CENTER);
RChbox.getStyleClass().add(\"hbox1\");
Label lblRCProblem = new Label(\"Reverse Multiplication Table\");
RChbox.getChildren().add(lblRCProblem);
return RChbox;
}
// method to setup a grid
public GridPane setUpGrid() {
GridPane RCpane = new GridPane();
Label[][] RClabels = new Label[11][11];
for (int RCrow = 0; RCrow < 11; RCrow++) {
for (int RCcol = 0; RCcol < 11; RCcol++) {
Label RClbl = new Label();
setUpLabel(RClbl, RCcol, RCrow);
RClabels[RCrow][RCcol] = RClbl;
RCpane.add(RClbl, RCcol, RCrow);
}
}
return RCpane;
}
// method to setup label
public void setUpLabel(final Label RClbl, final int RCcol, final int RCrow)
{
RClbl.setPrefHeight(50);
RClbl.setPrefWidth(50);
RClbl.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
RClbl.setStyle(\"-fx-stroke-border: black; -fx-border-width: 1;\");
String RCa = String.valueOf(RCrow);
String RCb = S.
Matching. Choose the most appropriate answer from the right. 1. Null .pdf
Matching. Choose the most appropriate answer from the right. 1. Null Modem 2. FDM 3.
Fourier Transform c. Interleave blocks of bits 4. _Photodiode 5. Repeater 6. TDM 7. Twisted
Pair 8. Manchester a. RJ-45 d. Extend Range e. Connect two DTEs directly f. detect fiber
transmission h. RJ-11 Fixed Frequency j. Trafic Division k. Digital/Digital used in LAN I.
Duplicate data on two machines m. Core n. Creates light pulses
Solution
>null modem = Connect 2 DTE dirctly
>FDM = Many frequencies on same medium
>Fourier transform = composite signal to component parts
>Photodiode = detect fiber transmission
>Repeater = Extend range
>TDM = interleave block of bits
>Twisted pair = RJ-45.
Numerous diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria (etc. Hepatitis.pdf
Numerous diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria (etc. Hepatitis, West Nile Virus, Pertussis,
Avian Flu, Ebola, Cholera, Typhoid). On a Global scale, viral and bacterial diseases result in
hundreds of thousands of deaths every year (sometimes millions in the case of epidemics or
pandemics). However, for many of these viral and bacterial pathogens there are effective
vaccines available.
So, do you think the government, or your employer, or your school has the right to require
vaccinations. What if your job requires you to come in contact with hundreds of people a day
(nurse, bus driver, etc.).
Solution
The immunity against these pathogenic diseases has to develop in the children so small kids must
be ensured for complete vaccination at proper ages. Vaccines for diseases like Hepatitis and
Ebola are given at the early age to develop immunity for such diseases. However, those children
who could not get them, should be attended by their schools through government initiatives to
make sure every child get them.
The jobs like nurse and drivers who happen to meet hundreds of people daily are at the greater
risk of developing the diseases so their employers must take care of them..
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Between 2000 and 2002, then again from 2008 to 2010, access measures.pdf
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Below is a diagram of the coding strand of DNA showing a gene please .pdf
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A patient has a tidal volume of 0.50 L, a frequency of breathing or r.pdf
A patient has a tidal volume of 0.50 L, a frequency of breathing or r.pdf
Write a program to recognizing Idenifier Or Constant in C language.pdf
Write a program to recognizing Idenifier Or Constant in C language.pdf
Why having a lipid rich cell wall make a bacteria harder to stain.pdf
Why having a lipid rich cell wall make a bacteria harder to stain.pdf
Which of the following statements about leasing is falseALease fina.pdf
Which of the following statements about leasing is falseALease fina.pdf
using the single linked list code written in the class or in the lab,.pdf
using the single linked list code written in the class or in the lab,.pdf
A database management system is also referred to as a database. True.pdf
A database management system is also referred to as a database. True.pdf
An envolope contains three cards A black card that is black on both.pdf
An envolope contains three cards A black card that is black on both.pdf
There was a mass extinction of plants and animals at the end of the P.pdf
There was a mass extinction of plants and animals at the end of the P.pdf
The size P of a certain insect population at time t (in days) obeys t.pdf
The size P of a certain insect population at time t (in days) obeys t.pdf
The fundamental theory of electromagnetic field is based on Maxwell.pdf
The fundamental theory of electromagnetic field is based on Maxwell.pdf
Part I – Antibiotics and the Human Microbiome Amelia and her family .pdf
Part I – Antibiotics and the Human Microbiome Amelia and her family .pdf
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Recall the Squeeze TheoremSuppose that for all n, xn yn zn. If .pdf
Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects t.pdf
Since somathesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects t.pdf
Say whether each of the following statements is true (“T”) or false .pdf
Say whether each of the following statements is true (“T”) or false .pdf
Research and identify three IT-related Risk Management Plans and lis.pdf
Research and identify three IT-related Risk Management Plans and lis.pdf
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please help me with two partI Bold it out as wrong part which in t.pdf
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Matching. Choose the most appropriate answer from the right. 1. Null .pdf
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Numerous diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria (etc. Hepatitis.pdf
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Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
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skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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How does frequency hopping affect security precautions, if it all..pdf
- 1. How does frequency hopping affect security precautions, if it all.? How does frequency hopping affect security precautions, if it all.? Solution Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) transmission is the repeated switching of frequencies during radio transmission to reduce interference and avoid interception. It is useful to counter eavesdropping, or to obstruct jamming of telecommunications. And it can minimize the effects of unintentional interference. In FHSS, the transmitter hops between available narrowband frequencies within a specified broad channel in a pseudo-random sequence known to both sender and receiver. A short burst of data is transmitted on the current narrowband channel, then transmitter and receiver tune to the next frequency in the sequence for the next burst of data. In most systems, the transmitter will hop to a new frequency more than twice per second. Because no channel is used for long, and the odds of any other transmitter being on the same channel at the same time are low, FHSS is often used as a method to allow multiple transmitter and receiver pairs to operate in the same space on the same broad channel at the same time. Frequency hopping serves three major purpose in GSM 1) FREQUECY RESUSE AND TO AVOID CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE 2) INCREASES THE CHANNEL CAPACITY OF LIMITED GSM CHANNELS 3) DECREASES MULTIPATH INTERFERENCE OF RADIO SIGNAL.