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Designing and
managing services
Based on the book, marketing management by Kotler
et. Al.
How do we define and classify
services, and how do they
differ from goods ?
What is a service ?
It’s an act of performance
Offered by one to the other
A service is essentially
intangible
A service does not result in
ownership of anything !
Every sense of loss comes
from a false sense of
Ownership. – Buddhism.
Production of a service may or
may not be tied to a physical
product.
Examples of services
(government services)
Examples of services (Private
non-profit)
Private non-profit colleges
Private non-profit organizat
Examples of services
(Business)
Examples of services
(Manufacturing)
Examples of services (retail
Categories of service mix
1. Pure tangible good
Soap
toothpaste
2. Tangible good with
accompanying services
Car
Car service
Hybrid mix of goods & services
= +
preparationFood
Restaurant meal
Service with accompanying
tangible goods
Additional goods li
Air travel also offers
Pure service
Distinctions between services
1. Equipment based or people
based
Automated car wash Manual window washing
v/s
2. Difference between service
processes
buffet Fast food Candle light
3. Need (or lack of) of
client’s presence
Brain surgery: presence
needed
Car repair: presence not
needed
v/s
4. Needs to meet: personal or
business ?
5. Difference in objectives
and ownership
Unique characteristics of
services
1. inseparability
• Service cannot be
separate from the service
provider
• the Service provider
eventually becomes a part
of the service.
• Production and
consumption of services
go hand in hand
2. variability
• Services are highly
variable in nature and
differ in quality from
one service provider to
the next.
• They depend on who
provides them, where,
when & to whom!
3. intangibility
• Services cannot be seen,
tasted felt, heard or
smelt before they are
bought.
• They are essentially
intangible in nature.
4. perishability
• Services cannot be
stored.
• They’re perishable, and
subject to their demand
and supply.
Credits & References
• Flickr.com
• Images.google.com
Created by Dhananjay Goel, IIT Delhi, During
an Internship by Prof. Sameer Mathur, IIM
Lucknow. www.IIMInternship.com
PROF. SAMEER MATHUR
IIM LUCKNOW
DHANANJAY GOEL
IIT DELHI

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How do we define and classify services, and how do they differ from goods ?