The document discusses several species of Houbara bustard birds, including the Asian, North African, and Arabian varieties. It provides information on their natural habitats, diets, breeding behaviors, historical population declines due to threats like urban expansion, and conservation efforts through breeding programs to preserve the species. The International Fund for the Preservation of Houbara was established in 2006 based on a 40-year vision to conserve the Houbara bustard and uses breeding centers and reintroductions to maintain and increase their numbers in natural habitats across Asia and Africa.

1. Houbara Bustard Bird

2. Houbara Bustard Bird, a rare bird breed is one of the most beautiful species in
birds. At Houbarafund we work for preserving the Houbara bustards.

3. Houbara has been one species in the past, but recent studies have divided the known
Houbara birds in Asia and North Africa into two distinct species on a hereditary basis, and
form geographic and behavioral criteria:
The Asian Houbara (Chlamydotismacqueenii)
Chlamydotis undulata (North Africa)
The Asian houbara differs from the North African houbara through color variations in the
back area and the extension of black and white feathers on the neck and neck. The months
are among 28 species of houbara spread throughout the world.

4. Natural Environment
Houbara is inhabited by vast plains and semi-arid regions in sandy deserts with scattered vegetation
cover.
Food
The houbara spends most of its time on the ground in search of food and its food system is varied to
include plants, insects, invertebrates, rodents and small vertebrates. Therefore, the list of foods that
feed on plants, seeds, insects and other invertebrates, lizards and small rodents.
Because of the dry environment in which they live, the houbara can get the food it needs and rarely
needs water. Houbara birds go out to search for food at sunrise and dusk most of the time.
Eggs
A female hippopotamus digs a shallow hole into an open ground to put a group of eggs or eggs into 3
eggs. The number ranges from 3 to 5 eggs in some breeding areas and possibly up to 6 eggs in
exceptional cases. Except for the Arabian houbara, which does not lay only an egg or two eggs, and the
eggs of the spotted houbara in shades of sandy brown to match the surrounding nests in the desert
areas, which helps to hide them from the eyes of fishermen and predators during the incubation period,
which extends for three weeks, then emerge small chicks to foster mother and take over Feed them in
their beak for two to three days.

5. The Asian Houbara
The first houbara chick was produced in captivity in 1982 at
the zoo in Al Ain. The efforts to save the bird continued for
forty years, bringing the total number of Asian Houbara
birds to 66053 by 2016.
The Asian houbara extends from northeast Asia (Mongolia
and China) across central Asia, the Middle East and the
Arabian Peninsula to the Sinai desert. After the spring
breeding season in Central Asia, some Asian houbara
groups migrate southward to winter in warmer regions (the
Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, and nearby Southwest Asia).
In the early spring, these groups return to their breeding
habitats in China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and other regions
in the north-east of their spread.
Some of the Asian houbara groups are grown in the
southern hemisphere, particularly in Saudi Arabia, the
United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen and parts of Iran,
Pakistan and Turkmenistan.

6. Houbara North Africa
In 1997, Houbara's views in North Africa declined to almost zero.
Stunningly, Houbara has returned to its natural habitat, with a
total of 3,165 species found by 2010, and more than 2,000
Houbara birds have been spotted in the wild. The International
Fund succeeded in producing 176,522 Houbara families between
1996 and 2016, of which 136,455 were launched after being
specially adapted to adapt to life in their habitats.
The spread of Houbara North Africa extends in most parts of
North Africa from Western Sahara to the Nile River Valley in
Egypt. 80% of them are settled by the Moroccan and Algerian
prairies.
Unlike the Asian houbara, the birds of this species do not
migrate, and are limited to limited movements in their natural
areas. Although the true causes of Houbara migration are not
known, they are likely to be due to the search for food and
habitats that are most suitable for breeding, In the event that
food is available in areas close to their home.

7. Arabic Houbara
Arab Houbara numbers have declined significantly in the
Arabian Peninsula, and it appears that only a single
settlement group remains in Yemen. It is believed that the
total number of members of this group does not exceed
100 birds.
This bird inhabits the arid regions of Ethiopia through the
Swahili belt and the Great Sahara and even Senegal, with a
small range extending in the Tihama plains and
southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula.
The Arabian Houbara is characterized by its long stems and
relatively large size compared to the Asian Houbara and
the North African houbara. Their dimensions are as follows:
Length of the male wings is 600-705 mm, female wings
length 530-580 mm, tail length (male 290-340 mm) and
female 270 -300, male weight ranges from 5.86 to 10 kg,
and female 4.5 4.75 kg. The color ranges from white
(abdomen and chest) and various degrees of sand brown to
the wings, with white dots decorating the ends of the
feathers. The Arabian Houbara is characterized by a sharp
beak that sometimes exceeds 60 mm in length. The season
of the Arab houbara season varies with different regions. It
seems to be generally linked to the rainfall that is usually
between September and December in the Arabian
Peninsula.

8. who are we
The International Fund for the Preservation of
Houbara is a non-profit organization with the support
of the Government of Abu Dhabi, the world's largest
species conservation project, which manages an
international network of specialized houbara
breeding centers to maintain and increase its
numbers in its natural habitats.
The International Fund for the Preservation of the
Houbara (IFHC) was established in Abu Dhabi, United
Arab Emirates in 2006 based on a vision of more than
40 years ago. This vision crystallized when the
founder of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Zayed
Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, sensed the danger of
decreasing the number of Houbara as a result of
urban expansion, the development of land areas and
unsustainable fishing, and the establishment of the
first conservation program in the 1970s. This vision
sustains wildlife by preserving the ancestral heritage
and principles associated with sustainability and
ecological balance, as well as employing scientific
capabilities and modern technologies such as
breeding in abundance and launching into the wild to
conserve natural species.

9. For More Information
Please Visit:
http://www.houbarafund.org/en/info/uae