This document discusses constructive cost model (COCOMO) tools for estimating software project costs. It describes the basic, intermediate, and advanced COCOMO models which estimate effort based on project size, team size, and cost drivers. The limitations of the basic COCOMO model are outlined. COCOMO II is presented as an improved model that can estimate costs for various project types by using scaling factors and effort multipliers across three modules. Examples of COCOMO estimation tools are provided.

1. CONSTRUCTIVE COST MODEL TOOLS
Dr/ Mohamed Shams
Hossam El_Din Mohamed Nabih Abd El_Gawad

2. What COCOMO Model?
-It is short for CONSTRUCTIVE COST
MODEL
-technique that use to estimate the cost
of projects
-part of algorithmic cost model
-Depends on size of our project

3. COCOMO MODELS
Advanced
Intermedi
ate
Basic

4. Basic
Smaller projects
Team size is small
Cost drivers upon to
project size
Intermediate
medium sized
projects
Cost drivers depend
upon product
reliability, database
size, execution and
storage
Team size is medium
Advanced
large sized projects
cost drivers depend
upon requirements,
analysis, design,
testing and
maintenance
Team size is large

5. More about Basic COCOMO
Effort
E = a *
(KDSI) b
* EAF
schedule
S= c * (E) d
*KDSI is number of thousands of delivered source instructions a and b
are constants, may vary depending on size of the project
*E is the Effort and c, d are constants.
EAF is called Effort Adjustment Factor which is 1 for basic cocomo ,
this value may vary from 1 to 15

6. COCOMO LIMTATION (Disadvantages)
not suitable for non-sequential ,rapid development,
reengineering ,reuse cases models
any changes in the requirements are not accommodated for
calculation of cost of the project
is not a perfect realistic model

7. COCOMO II (what and why )
-It could overcome the limitations of calculating the costs
for non-sequential, rapid development, reengineering
and reuse models of software.
-It has 3 modules
-Application composition: - good for projects with GUI
interface for rapid development of project.
-Early design: - Prepare a rough picture of what is to be
designed. Done before the architecture is designed.
-Post architecture: - Prepared after the architecture has
been designed.

8. Calculation COCOMO II
 In COCOMO II the constant value b is
replaced by 5 scale factors.
 Effort (E) is calculated as follows
E = a * (KDSI) sf * π (EM)
 Where a is constant, sf is scaling
factor, EM is Effort Multiplier
(7 for Early
design, 17 for Post architecture).

9. Using COCOMO II
Establishes the cost and
schedule of the project under
development, this provides a
plan for the project
Provides a more reliable
cost and schedule, hence
the risk mitigation is easy to
accomplish
It overcomes the problem of
reengineering and reuse of
software modules
Develops a process at each
level . Hence takes care of
the capability maturity
model.
Advantages

10. Tools examples
The tools we use in most are
depend on these models
COCOMO II and COCOMO models
We can try
- SystemStar is a systems engineering
estimation tool based on the
Constructive Systems Engineering Cost
Model (COSYSMO) developed by
Dr. Ricardo Valerdi
- COCOMO II version 2000.3 : This
software was developed by the Center for
Software Engineering at the
University of Southern California (USC).
-there are many other tools