The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is an algorithmic software cost estimation model developed by Barry Boehm. The model uses a basic regression formula, with parameters that are derived from historical project data and current project characteristics.
Basic COCOMO compute software development effort (and cost) as a function of program size. Program size is expressed in estimated thousands of source lines of code (SLOC, KLOC).
COCOMO Model
Key parameters which define the quality of any software
Modes of development
Boehm’s definition of systems
Types of Models
Advantages
disadvantages
what is COCOMO Model in software project management
COCOMO Model in software project management defined
COCOMO Model in software project management
what is cocomo model
cocomo model and its application
Unit testing is often automated but it can also be done manually. Debugging is a process of line by line execution of the code/ script with the intent of finding errors/ fixing the defects.
Real Time Systems,Issues of real time system,Notations, state oriented Petrinets,Milestones, Walkthroughs, Inspections, Test plans,Functional test,Performance test,Stress test,Structural test
COCOMO Model
Key parameters which define the quality of any software
Modes of development
Boehm’s definition of systems
Types of Models
Advantages
disadvantages
what is COCOMO Model in software project management
COCOMO Model in software project management defined
COCOMO Model in software project management
what is cocomo model
cocomo model and its application
Unit testing is often automated but it can also be done manually. Debugging is a process of line by line execution of the code/ script with the intent of finding errors/ fixing the defects.
Real Time Systems,Issues of real time system,Notations, state oriented Petrinets,Milestones, Walkthroughs, Inspections, Test plans,Functional test,Performance test,Stress test,Structural test
This ppt presentation is based on the Cost Estimation Model of software engineering. This is used to estimate the cost required to develop the project.
COCOMO stands for COnstructive COst estimation MOdel.
The costs are estimated when the whole software project planning is done after the feasibility study phase of any software development model.
COCOMO is the most important stage of the Software Project Management.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
5. COCOMO
Mode Project size Nature of Project
Organic Typically
2-50 KLOC
Small size project, experienced
developers in the familiar
environment. For example, pay
roll, inventory projects ,Banking system
Semi
detached
Typically
50-300 KLOC
Medium size project, Medium
size team, Average previous
experience on similar project.
For example: Utility systems
like compilers, database
systems
Embedded Typically over
300 KLOC
Large project, Real time
systems, Complex interfaces,
Very little previous experience.
For example: ATMs, Air Traffic
Control ,Navigation satellite
Table 1: The comparison of three COCOMO modes
7. COCOMO MODEL
The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO)
Constructive Cost model
(COCOMO)
Basic Intermediate Complete(detailed)
Model proposed by
B. W. Boehm’s
through his book
Software Engineering Economics in 1981
8. COCOMO MODEL
Basic Model
Basic COCOMO model takes the form
E=ab(KLOC) PM
bb
db
D=cb (E)
where E is effort applied in Person-Months, and D is the
development time in months. The coefficients ab, bb, cb and db are
given in table
Months
12. Disadvantages of Basic COCOMO Model
• It considers only KLOC to estimate effort
• It can not be used for modern tools
• It does not consider different parameters
Note : Intermediate COCOMO model considers different
parameters to estimate effort and time
13. COCOMO MODEL
Intermediate Model
Cost drivers
(i) Product Attributes
Required s/w reliability (accuracy)
Size of application database
Complexity of the product
(ii) Hardware Attributes
Run time performance constraints
Memory constraints
Speed of system
14. COCOMO MODEL
(iii) Personal Attributes
Analyst capability
Programmer capability
Application experience
Virtual m/c experience
Programming language experience
(iv) Project Attributes
Modern programming practices
Use of software tools
15. COCOMO model
Disadvantage of basic and intermediate COCOMO model
• A major shortcoming of both the basic and the intermediate
COCOMO models is that they consider a software product as a
single homogeneous entity.
• Now these days large software systems are made up of several
smaller sub-systems or modules with different characteristics.
16. Complete COCOMO model
• The complete COCOMO model considers different subsystems
of the software
• For example CU website has different modules or subsystem
Graphical user interface (Front End)
Database (your data is stored )
17. Complete COCOMO model
• Different modules or subsystems of the complete COCOMO model
Database part
Graphical user interface (GUI) part
Communication part
Communication part can be considered as embedded software.
The database part could be semi-detached software
The GUI part organic software.
The costs for these three components can be estimated separately, and
summed up to give the overall cost of the system