library study#hospital# students#8sem#architecture

2. DEFINATION: A HOSPITAL, IN THE MODERN SENSE OF THE
SENTENCE, IS AN INSTITUTION FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDING
PATIENT TREATMENT BY SPECIALIZED STAFF AND EQUIPMENT, AND
OFTEN, BUT
NOT ALWAYS PROVIDING FOR LONGER-TERM PATIENT STAYS. ITS
HISTORICAL MEANING, UNTIL RELATIVELY RECENT TIMES, WAS "A
PLACE OF HOSPITALITY", FOR EXAMPLE THE CHELSEA ROYAL
HOSPITAL, ESTABLISHED IN 1681 TO HOUSE VETERAN SOLDIERS.
TODAY, HOSPITALS ARE USUALLY FUNDED BY THE PUBLIC SECTOR,
BY HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS (FOR PROFIT OR NONPROFIT), HEALTH
INSURANCE COMPANIES OR CHARITIES, INCLUDING BY DIRECT
CHARITABLE DONATIONS. HISTORICALLY, HOWEVER, HOSPITALS
WERE OFTEN FOUNDED AND FUNDED BY RELIGIOUS ORDERS OR
CHARITABLE INDIVIDUALS AND LEADERS. CONVERSELY, MODERN-
DAY HOSPITALS ARE LARGELY STAFFED BY PROFESSIONAL
PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS, AND NURSES, WHEREAS IN HISTORY, THIS
WORK WAS USUALLY PERFORMED BY THE FOUNDING RELIGIOUS
ORDERS OR BY VOLUNTEERS.

3. GENERAL: THE COSTS INVOLVED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF A HOSPITAL ARE EXTRA ORDINARILY HIGH. CONSIQUENTLY,
EFFICIENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND SITE PLANNING IS
ESSENTIAL.THE MINIMISATION OF PROJECT AND STAFF COSTS
MUST BE MADE A PRIORITY. PROJECT PLANNING MUST INCLUDE
INTENSIVE DISCUSSIONS WITH
THE CLIENTS,DOCTORS,ARCHITECT,TECHNICAL PLANNERS AND
HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATOR DURING THE PRELIMINARY STAGE TO
AVOID THE RISKS OF BAD INVESTMENT DECESIONS AND
UNFAVOURABLE GROWTH IN OPERATING COSTS.

4. SITE PLAN

5. SITE PLAN

6. GENERAL COMMENTS: MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
PROVIDE TREATMENT FOR AND CARE OF PATIENTS WITH A WIDE
RANGE OF ACUTE
AND CHRONIC CONDITION. HOSPITALS THEREFORE DIFFER IN THE
NO. OF SPECIALISMS THERE SUPPORT AND THE SIZE OF THE
SPECIALIST DEPARTMENTS AND TREATMENT FACILITIES,
TYPES: HOSPITALS MAY BE SUBDIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING
CATEGORIES: SMALLEST(UPTO 50 BEDS), SMALL(UPTO 150
BEDS),STANDERD(UPTO 600 BEDS), AND LARGE HOSPITALS.
HOSPITALS ARE DIVIDED BY FUNCTION INTO GENERAL SPECIALIST
AND UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS.
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS: UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS
WITH MAXIMUM PROVISION ARE TO BE CONCIDERD EQUAL TO THE
MEDICAL ACADEMIES AND SOME LARGE GENERAL HOSPITALS,
THEY HAVE AT THERE DISPOSAL PARTICULARLY EXTENSIVE
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC FACILITIES AND SYSTEMATICALLY
CARRY OUT RESEARCH AND TEACHING.

7. SPECIALIST HOSPITALS: THE NO. OF SPECIALIST
HOSPITALS IS GROWING FAST BECAUSE OF THE INCREASING FOCUS
ON INDIVISUAL TYPES OF TREATMENT OR MEDICAL FIELDS:
CASUALTY, REHABILITATION, ALLERGIES, ORTHOPAEDICS,
GYNAECOLOGY, ETC.
PLANNING CONCEPTIONS-
LOCATION: THE SITE SHOULD BE OFFER SUFFICIENT SPACE FOR
SELFCONTAINED RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND HOSPITAL
DEPARTMENTS. NO LOSS OF AMENITY SHOULD RESULT FROM FOG,
WIND, DUST, SMOKE, ODOURS OR INSECTS. THE LAND MUST NOT BE
CONTAMINATED AND ADEQUATE OPEN AREAS FOR LATER
EXPENSION MUST ALSO BE PLANNED.
ORIENTATION: THE MOST SUITABLE ORIENTATION FOR
TREATMENT AND OPERATING ROOMS IS BETWEEN NORTH-WEST
AND NORTH-EAST FOR NURSING WARD FACADES, SOUTH TO
SOUTH-EAST IS FAVOURABLE.

8. CONCEPT: AN EXISTING HOSPITAL IS TO EXPANDED; THE
DESIGN INCLUDES FOUR BUILDING PHASES A LARGE INCLOSED AREA
CONTAINING A PARK WILL BE CREATED TO ALLOW WINDOWS TO BE
OPENED WITHOUT THE NEED TO TACKLE PROBLEM OF NOISE
PROTECTION.
FORMS OF BUILDINGS: THE FORM OF A BUILDING IS
STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY THE CHOICE OF ACCESS AND
CIRCULATION ROUTS. IS THERE FOR NECESSARY TO DECIDE EARLY
ON WHETHER TO CHOSE A SPINE FORM WITH BRANCHING SECTION
OR WHETHER CIRCULATION WILL BE RADIALLY OUTWARDS FROM A
CENTRAL CORE.
THE VERTICAL ARRANGEMENT WITHIN A HOSPITAL SHOULD BE
DESIGNED SO THAT THE FUNCTION AREAS--- CARE, TREATMENT,
SUPPLY AND DISPOSAL, ACCESS FOR BEDRIDDEN PATIENTS,
SERVISE YARDS, UNDER GROUND GARAGE, STORES ADMIN.
MEDICAL SERVICES- CAN BE CONNECTED AND ACCESSED MOST
EFFICIENTLY AN EFFECTIVE ARRANGEMENT WOULD BE AS FOLLOW-

9. 2ND/3RD FLOOR WARDS
FIRST FLOOR SURGICAL AREA, CENTRAL STERILISATION,
INTENSIVE CARE, MATERNITY, CHILDREN’S
HOSPITAL.
GROUND FLOOR ENTRANCE, RADIOLOGY, MEDICALSERVICE
AMBULANCE, ENTRANCE FOR BEDRIDDEN
PATIENT,EMERGENCYWARD,INFORMATION,
ADMININSTRATION, CAFETERIA.
BASEMENT STORES,PHYSIOTHERAPY,KITCHEN,HEATING
ANDVENTILATIONPLANTROOM,RADIOTHERAPY,
LINEAR ECCELERATOR.
SUB BASEMENT UNDER GROUND
GARAGE,ELECTRICITYSUPPLY.

10. OUTPATIENTS: THE LOCATION OF OUTPATIENT TREATMENTS
ROOMS IS OF PARTICULAT IMPORTANCE SEPARATION OF THE
ROUTES TAKEN BY THE OUTPATIENT EMERGENCIES AND
INPATIENT SHOULD BE GIVEN CONSIDERATION EARLY IN THE
PLANNING PROCESS THE NUMBER OF THE PATIENT CONCERNED
WILL DEPEND ON THE OVER ALL SIZE AND TECHNICAL FACILITIES
OF THE HOSPITAL. WHERE THERE IS A CONSISTENTLY HIGH
NUMBER OF OUTPATIENT A SEPRATE AREA CAN BE CREATED AWAY
FROM THE OTHER HOSPITAL OPERATIONS HOWEVER, THERE MUST
STILL BE CLOSED LINK TO THE X-RAY AND SURGICAL DEPARTMENT.
OUTPATIENT OPERATIONS ARE BECOMING INCREASINGLY
IMPORTANT SO LARGER WAITING AREAS AND MORE OUTPATIENT
TREATMENT ROOM SHOULD BE ROOM CONSIDERD.

11. PLAN

12. SERVICES

13. SERVICES

14. CORRIDORS, DOORS, STAIRS AND LIFTS:
CORRIDORS: IT MUST BE DESIGNED FOR THE MAXIMUM
EXPECTED CIRCULATION FLOW IT MUST BE ATLEAST 1.5 M WIDE.
WHERE PATIENT WILL BE TRANPORTED ON TROLLEYS IT MUST BE
2.25 M WIDE. THE SUSPENDED CEILING IN CORRIDORS MAY BE
INSTALLED UPTO 2.4 M.
DOORS: TYPE AND FUNCTION:
NORMAL DOORS 2.10 - 2.20 M
VEHICLE ENTRANCES, OVER SIZED DOORS 2.5 M
TRANPORT ENTRANCES 2.7 – 2.8 M
MINIMUN HEIGHT OF APPROACH ROAD 3.5 M
STAIRS: THE RELEVANT NATIONAL SAFETY AND BUILDING
REGULATION WILL, OFCOURSE, APPLY. STAIRS MUST HAVE
HANDRAILS ON BOTH SIDE WITHOUT PROJECTING TIPS. THE
EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF LANDING AND STAIRS IN ESSENTIAL STAIR
CASES MUST BE MINIMUM OF 1.5 M AND SHOULD NOT EXEED 2.5 M.

17. LIFTS: LIFTS TRANSPOT PEOPLE, MEDICINE,
LAUNDRY, MEALS, AND HOSPITAL BEDS BETWEEN
FLOORS. ATLEAST
2 LIFTS SUITABLE FOR TRANSPOTING BEDS MUST BE
PROVIDED THE ELEVATOR CARS OF THESE LIFTS MUST
BE OF A SIZE THAT ALLOWS ADEQUATE ROOM FOR A
BED AND TWO ACCOMPANYING PEOPLE.IN ADDITION
THERE SHOULD BE A MINIMUM TWO SMALLER LIFTS FOR
PORTABLE EQUIPMENT STAFF AND VISITORS:
CLEAR DIMENSION OF LIFT CAR 0.9 X 1.2 M
CLEAR DIMENSION OF SHAFT 1.25 X 1.5 M

18. SURGICAL DEPARTMENT:
CENTRALISATION: ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
IN THE PAST SURGICAL OPERATION CENTRE TENDED TO BE
PLANED WITHIN THE HOSPITAL AS A CENTRALLY LOCATED
EXAMINATION AND TREATMENT UNIT FOR USE BY VARIOUS
SPECIALIST DEPARTMENTS THE REASON FOR THIS WERE BETTER
UTILISATION OF SPACE, EQUIPMENT AND STAFF, BETTER PATIENT
PROVISION THROUGH CENTRALISED SERVICE FUNCTIONS UNDER
THE MANAGEMENT OF SPECIALIST AND HYGIENE CONSIDRATION. A
FURTHER DISADVANTAGE IS THE COMBINATION OF SEPTIC AND
ASEPTIC SURGICAL UNIT MUST BE DISCUSSED WITH SURGONS AND
HYGIENISTS.

19. MAIN SURGICAL ROOMS:

21. OUT PATIENT SERVICES
LOCATION: SHOULD BE LOCATED CLOSE TO VITAL ADJUNCT
SERVICES SUCH AS REGISTRATION AND MEDICAL RECORDS,
ADMITTING, EMERGENCY AND SOCIAL SERVICE. EASILY
ACCESSIBLE TO THE LABORATORIES, RADIOLOGY, PHARMACY
AND PHYSICAL THERAPY DEPARTMENTS. SHOULD BE ON THE
GROUND FLOOR LEVEL PREFERABLY WITH A SEPARATE
ENTRANCE AND ADEQUATE PARKING FACILITIES. SHOULD BE SO
DESIGNED AS TO HANDLE WHEELCHAIRS AND STRETCHERS.
ORGANIZATION: OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IS MADE UP OF
FOUR MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL COMPONENTS :
(1) MEDICAL STAFF
(2) NURSING STAFF
(3) ANCILLARY STAFF AND
(4) CLERICAL STAFF

22. OPD CHART

23. FACILITIES AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS
ADMINISTRATIVE AND PUBLIC AREA
RECEPTION-CONTROL : FOR OBSERVATION AND CONTROL OF
ACCESS TO THE TREATMENT AREA, PUBLIC WAITING AREA, AND
PEDESTRIAN AND AMBULANCE ENTRANCE AREA. TRIAGE
FUNCTION TAKES PLACE HERE DURING INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL
DISASTER.
THE RECEPTIONIST AT THE RECEPTION-CONTROL STATION
SHOULD BE ABLE TO SEE INTO THE EMERGENCY CORRIDOR, BUT
WAITING PATIENTS AND THEIR RELATIVES ARE BETTER SHIELDED
FORM WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE TREATMENT AREA.
PUBLIC WAITING AREA WITH TOILET FACILITIES, WATER
COOLERS OR DRINKING FOUNTAINS, PUBLIC TELEPHONES.
SPACE/ROOM FOR SECURITY STAFF, POLICE, AMBULANCE
DRIVER AND ATTENDANT.
OFFICE FOR THE NIGHT ADMINISTRATOR/NIGHT SUPERVISOR-
CAN BE OFF SITE BUT NOT TOO FAR AWAY.
COFFEE/SNACK BAR.

24. CLINICAL FACILITIES
IN THE CLINICAL FACILITIES, FOUR MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AREAS CAN
BE IDENTIFIED. THESE ARE :
TRAUMA CARE AREA WHERE THE SEVERELY INJURED SURGICAL
CASES ARE HANDLED.
MEDICAL EXAMINATION AREA.
SPLINT AGE AND CASTING AREA FOR ORTHOPEDICS CASES, AND
OBSERVATION BEDS FOR PATIENTS WHO NEED TO BE KEPT UNDER
OBSERVATION FOR NEUROLOGICAL AND OTHER MEDICAL
REASONS.
FACILITIES REQUIRED
TRAUMA ROOMS WHERE THE SEVERELY INJURED SURGICAL
CASES ARE HANDLED.
FACILITIES REQUIRED HERE ARE:
A) RESUSCITATION AND LIFE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND
DRUGS.
B) MEDICAL GAS OUTLETS( OXYGEN, VACUUM AND
COMPRESSED AIR).

25. IF THE ROOM IS USED FOR ORTHOPEDIC AND CAST WORK IT
SHOULD HAVE:
A) CLOSED STORAGE SPACE FOR SPLINTS AND OTHER
ORTHOPEDICS SUPPLIES.
B) A PLASTER SINK.
C) TRACTION HOOKS.
EXAMINATION /TREATMENT ROOMS. THEY SHOULD HAVE:
A) EXAMINATION TABLES.
B) EXAMINATION LIGHTS.
C) WORK COUNTERS.
D) WASH BASINS.
E) X- RAY FILM ILLUMINATORS.
F) MEDICATION STORAGE FACILITIES.
G) MEDICAL GAS OUTLETS.

26. ORTHO DEPARTMENT PLAN

30. • Ideally, every hospital should have a mortuary suitable for the
temporary
shelter of the dead, with
proper refrigeration facilities for an adequate number of bodies.
• Facilities for autopsy should be provided, if local regulations permit or
require it.
• Hospital policies and procedures must be laid down for the mortuary
and for autopsies.
MORTUARY
THE MORTUARY HAS THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS :
• to hold dead bodies until burial can be arranged
• to provide a place where a pathologist can investigate causes of death
and make scientific
investigations
• to allow viewing and identification of bodies by relatives and other
people.