The document provides information on poinsettia cultivation, including flowering initiation, crop scheduling, vegetative growth requirements, pinching, photoperiod manipulation, temperature guidelines, media, watering, and fertilization. Key points covered include poinsettias initiating flowers in response to shorter day lengths in fall, the importance of consistent night length for proper flowering, calculating vegetative growth time based on desired size and flowering dates, and guidelines for pinching, lighting, temperature, growing medium, water quality and fertilizer programs.
This document provides information and guidelines for growing poinsettias, including scheduling, environmental conditions, fertilization, and more. It discusses that poinsettias initiate flowering in response to shorter day lengths in fall. Proper scheduling, pinching, night lengths using black cloth, and temperature control are needed for optimal flowering. The document also outlines a fertilization program using a 15-5-15 calcium magnesium fertilizer at gradually decreasing concentrations from 300 ppm initially down to 100-150 ppm by November.
Growing out of season vegetable crops, in hot weather and cold weather. Growing vegetables to store for out-of-season use. Techniques to success in all seasons: germinating seeds, growing plants, protecting crops from hot weather, pests, cold weather. Choosing suitable crops that will work for your farm or garden.
Fall vegetable production 2016 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
This document provides information on suitable crops for fall vegetable production, including warm weather crops that can be harvested in fall, cool weather crops that can be planted and harvested in fall and winter, and overwinter crops for early spring harvest. It discusses scheduling planting times for various crops to extend the harvest season, considering factors like temperature requirements, days to maturity, and frost dates. Cool weather crops recommended for fall include beets, carrots, greens, and root vegetables.
Sustainable farming practices Pam Dawling 90 mins 2019Pam Dawling
An introduction to year round vegetable production; crop planning and record-keeping; feeding the soil using crop rotations, cover crops, compost making and organic mulches; production tips on direct sowing and transplanting, crop spacing, succession crop scheduling to ensure continuous harvests, efficient production strategies, season extension, dealing with pests, diseases and weeds; determining crop maturity and harvest methods.
Succession Planting for Continuous Vegetable Harvests
How to plan sowing dates for continuous supplies of popular summer crops, such as beans, squash, cucumbers, edamame and sweet corn; cold-weather hoophouse greens and year round lettuce. Using these planning strategies can help avoid gluts and shortages.
Diversify your vegetable crops 2017 90 mins Pam DawlingPam Dawling
As a vegetable grower, offer a broader range of vegetables and keep your customers coming back with a different crop every week, while still dependably supplying their old favorites. Learn how to distinguish between the crops likely to succeed and the siren call of too many weird eggplants.
Cover crops for vegetable growers Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Using cover crops to feed and improve the soil, smother weeds, and prevent soil erosion. Selecting cover crops to make use of opportunities year round: early spring, summer, fall and going into winter. Fitting cover crops into the schedule of vegetable production while maintaining a healthy crop rotation
This document provides information and guidelines for growing poinsettias, including scheduling, environmental conditions, fertilization, and more. It discusses that poinsettias initiate flowering in response to shorter day lengths in fall. Proper scheduling, pinching, night lengths using black cloth, and temperature control are needed for optimal flowering. The document also outlines a fertilization program using a 15-5-15 calcium magnesium fertilizer at gradually decreasing concentrations from 300 ppm initially down to 100-150 ppm by November.
Growing out of season vegetable crops, in hot weather and cold weather. Growing vegetables to store for out-of-season use. Techniques to success in all seasons: germinating seeds, growing plants, protecting crops from hot weather, pests, cold weather. Choosing suitable crops that will work for your farm or garden.
Fall vegetable production 2016 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
This document provides information on suitable crops for fall vegetable production, including warm weather crops that can be harvested in fall, cool weather crops that can be planted and harvested in fall and winter, and overwinter crops for early spring harvest. It discusses scheduling planting times for various crops to extend the harvest season, considering factors like temperature requirements, days to maturity, and frost dates. Cool weather crops recommended for fall include beets, carrots, greens, and root vegetables.
Sustainable farming practices Pam Dawling 90 mins 2019Pam Dawling
An introduction to year round vegetable production; crop planning and record-keeping; feeding the soil using crop rotations, cover crops, compost making and organic mulches; production tips on direct sowing and transplanting, crop spacing, succession crop scheduling to ensure continuous harvests, efficient production strategies, season extension, dealing with pests, diseases and weeds; determining crop maturity and harvest methods.
Succession Planting for Continuous Vegetable Harvests
How to plan sowing dates for continuous supplies of popular summer crops, such as beans, squash, cucumbers, edamame and sweet corn; cold-weather hoophouse greens and year round lettuce. Using these planning strategies can help avoid gluts and shortages.
Diversify your vegetable crops 2017 90 mins Pam DawlingPam Dawling
As a vegetable grower, offer a broader range of vegetables and keep your customers coming back with a different crop every week, while still dependably supplying their old favorites. Learn how to distinguish between the crops likely to succeed and the siren call of too many weird eggplants.
Cover crops for vegetable growers Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Using cover crops to feed and improve the soil, smother weeds, and prevent soil erosion. Selecting cover crops to make use of opportunities year round: early spring, summer, fall and going into winter. Fitting cover crops into the schedule of vegetable production while maintaining a healthy crop rotation
Crop rotations for vegetables and cover crops 2014, Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Ideas to help you design a sequence of vegetable crops which maximizes the chance to grow good cover crops as well as reduce pest and disease likelihood. Discusses formal rotations as well as ad hoc systems for shoehorning minor crops into available spaces. The workshop discusses cover crops suitable at various times of year, particularly winter cover crops between vegetable crops in successive years. Includes examples of undersowing of cover crops in vegetable crops and of no-till options.
• Rotation planning for permanent raised beds
• 7 step rotation planning for row crops, steps 1-4
• A useful format for rotation plans
• A walk around our crop rotation
• Steps 5-7 of rotation planning
• Pros and cons of tight rotation planning
• Resources and contact info
Plan for continuous supplies of popular summer vegetable crops, such as beans, squash, cucumbers and sweet corn; cold-weather hoophouse greens and year-round lettuce. Avoid vegetable gluts and shortages.
Planning for sustainable farming by feeding the soil. Growing and maintaining healthy soils. Using crop rotations, cover crops, compost and organic mulches. A step-by-step guide to crop rotation. Example of a ten part rotation of vegetables and cover crops. Benefits of crop rotations, cover crops and compost. Opportunities to grow cover crops. Fitting the cover crop with the goal; smothering weeds, fixing nitrogen, scavenging leftover nutrients, improving soil drainage, grazing for small animals, bio-fumigation, killing nematodes. How to make aerobic (hot) compost. Resource list included.
Year round vegetable production dawling 2017 90 minsPam Dawling
This document discusses year-round vegetable production at Twin Oaks Community in Virginia. The community aims to feed 100 people with organic produce year-round using various season extension and efficient production strategies. These include direct sowing and transplanting crops, succession planting, interplanting, and protecting crops from hot and cold weather. The document emphasizes the importance of healthy soil achieved through crop rotations, cover cropping, composting, and building soil organic matter.
Providing vegetables for the full eating season 2013 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Growing vegetables throughout the season - succession planting for continuous harvests of summer vegetables such as beans, squash, cucumbers and sweet corn; also
year-round lettuce, growing and storing cold-hardy winter vegetables
Growing sweet potatoes from start to finish Pam Dawling 2016Pam Dawling
How to grow your own sweet potato slips, plant them, grow healthy crops and harvest good yields. How to select suitable roots for growing next year’s slips. How to cure and store roots for top quality and minimal losses
Hoophouse in spring and summer 2017 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Food, Seeds, Cover Crops, Cut Flowers, Soil Building.
In colder zones growers use the summer hoophouse for all those hot weather crops that struggle outdoors! But if you can already grow melons, limas, okra outside, you may be left wondering how to make good use of that valuable covered space when it’s hot. As well as heat-loving crops, this presentation discusses cooling the hoophouse; using the opportunity to tackle soil-borne diseases or improve the soil and other uses like seed drying and storage.
How to succeed at growing lettuce year-round, using season extension techniques as needed. How to choose between different types and different varieties of lettuce, to suit your conditions. How to deal organically with pests and diseases. Many ways to protect lettuce from cold weather. Tricks to germinate and grow lettuce in hot weather. How to schedule lettuce plantings for a continuous supply, with no gaps or gluts.
Crop Planning for Sustainable Vegetable Production 2019 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Produce vegetable crops when you want them and in the right quantities; sell them where and when you need to and support yourself with a rewarding livelihood while replenishing the soil
Year round hoophouse vegetables. Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Which factors should you consider when planning how to keep your hoophouse filled with productive food crops all year? We consider suitable crops for various times of year: cold-hardy winter greens for cooking and salads; turnips, radishes and scallions; early warm weather crops such as tomatoes, peppers, squash, cucumbers; high summer crops such as edamame, cowpeas, melons, sweet potatoes. We also look at less common ideas: bare-root transplants for planting outdoors in spring, seeds, flowers, and cover crops for soil improvement.
The workshop includes ideas on how to maximize use of the space, including transplanting indoors from outdoors in the fall, seasonal transitions, packing more in with succession planting, interplanting and follow-on cropping. Planning is an important part of success: deciding which crops to grow, deciding how much to harvest and how much to plant, crop rotation, mapping and scheduling. We also look at the challenges of low temperatures, nitrate accumulation, snow, soil-borne diseases, and the challenges of summer: high temperatures, bugs, salt build-up. Year-round use includes attention to caring for the soil: maintaining organic matter, and pest management including solarization.
Sequential planting cool season crops in a hoophouse 2019 pam dawlingPam Dawling
Which factors should you consider when planning how to keep your hoophouse filled with productive food crops in the cool seasons? Suitable crops, cold-hardiness, deciding which crops to grow, deciding how much to harvest and how much to plant, crop rotation, mapping and scheduling, month by month planting, seasonal transitions, packing more in with succession planting, interplanting and follow-on cropping.
Deciding which vegetable crops to grow, pam dawlingPam Dawling
Grow vegetable crops that fit your goals, whether for sale or for your household. Consider which crops are easy to grow, most profitable for the space or time, most suited to your conditions, high yielding, and undemanding. Use a DIY Crop Value Rating system to choose between options.
Production of late fall, winter and early spring vegetable crops Pam DawlingPam Dawling
How to grow vegetables for harvest in late fall, though the winter and in early spring, particularly in the mid-Atlantic region, zones 6-7. Includes a list of suitable crops; details about growing them; how to schedule sowings to meet desired harvest dates; extending the season with row cover, low tunnels and high tunnels (hoophouses); mitigating the challenges of hot and cold weather, and protecting crops from insects. Hoophouse information includes minimizing nitrate accumulation in leafy greens, and planning for the Persephone days when the daylight length is shorter than 10 hours. Crops include lettuce, spinach, cooking greens, Asian greens, and roots. Includes information on winter hardiness, crop spacing, yields, and successful efficient planting techniques. Names some favorite varieties. The goals are to help growers farm the back end of the year, and increase earnings and the local food supply, while reducing the likelihood of beginner errors.
How to grow garlic, control weeds, pests and diseases, know when to harvest and how to cure and store. How to produce garlic scallions, garlic scapes and green garlic. How to choose between varieties.
Cover crops can provide multiple benefits for vegetable cropping systems, but require careful management. It is important to select cover crop species that match your objectives, such as grazing, nutrient scavenging, weed suppression, or nitrogen fixation. Proper planning is also key, considering the best times for planting and termination. While cover crops may not solve all problems in a crop rotation, they can be a useful tool when integrated into an overall soil health plan.
Sequential planting of cool season crops in high tunnels Pam Dawling 2017Pam Dawling
This document provides information on sequentially planting cool season crops in a high tunnel. It discusses 12 planning steps and then focuses on which crops to grow. Several suitable crops from different families like lettuce, spinach, kale and carrots are described. Details are given on how much to plant and harvest over the seasons with month-by-month schedules. The document also discusses packing more crops in through succession planting and intercropping. Record keeping and additional resources are mentioned.
Plant a Row for the Hungry - Kennett Square, PennsylvaniaFarica954z
This document provides tips for planning a successful vegetable garden, including site selection, soil preparation, choosing plants, and planting schedules. It recommends testing soil every 3-4 years and incorporating compost to improve soil quality. A variety of vegetables should be selected and planted in succession for a continuous harvest. Cool season vegetables like carrots and lettuce are planted in early spring, while warm season crops like tomatoes and peppers go in after the last frost. The document encourages donating extra produce to local food banks.
This document discusses growing Asian greens, including which crops the author recommends and their requirements. The author suggests growing Brassica rapa varieties like napa cabbage, michihili cabbage, celery cabbage, bok choy, and mizuna. Senposai, a cross between komatsuna and cabbage, is highlighted as producing large, tender leaves with a sweet flavor. Ruby Streaks mustard and komatsuna are also recommended. Requirements, harvest times, and advantages of each crop are provided. A few smaller crops are also mentioned that may work for other gardens but were too small for the author's purposes.
Storage vegetables for off season sales 2017 90min Pam DawlingPam Dawling
How to succeed with growing storage vegetables for sale in the off-season. Learn the cold-hardiness of various vegetable crops, how to predict the weather, methods to protect your crops from cold temperatures, various storage methods, and an introduction to hoophouse growing in winter.
Year round production of chrysanthemumnirmala puli
This document discusses production of chrysanthemum flowers. It covers various factors to consider for chrysanthemum production including photoperiod, temperature, humidity, soil conditions, use of growth regulators, and production methods. Chrysanthemums are short day plants and require long days for vegetative growth and short days for flower initiation. Temperature, light intensity, and humidity levels are also important environmental factors to control. The document provides details on maintaining mother blocks, nursery production, and the production block for greenhouse chrysanthemum cultivation.
Gardening in Drought Conditions - Parker County, TexasFujita64g
While planting during drought conditions makes success more difficult due to high evaporation and limited root growth, it is possible to establish new lawns and plant trees/shrubs if done properly. The article provides a three-week plan for establishing sod or Bermuda grass seed with daily watering amounts decreasing each week to develop a deeper root system. When planting trees or shrubs, the hole should be dug wider than the root ball and filled with native soil, pressed firmly and soaked to eliminate air pockets before mulching. New plants will need regular watering of at least 5 gallons when the soil is dry to help roots become established during their first summer.
Crop rotations for vegetables and cover crops 2014, Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Ideas to help you design a sequence of vegetable crops which maximizes the chance to grow good cover crops as well as reduce pest and disease likelihood. Discusses formal rotations as well as ad hoc systems for shoehorning minor crops into available spaces. The workshop discusses cover crops suitable at various times of year, particularly winter cover crops between vegetable crops in successive years. Includes examples of undersowing of cover crops in vegetable crops and of no-till options.
• Rotation planning for permanent raised beds
• 7 step rotation planning for row crops, steps 1-4
• A useful format for rotation plans
• A walk around our crop rotation
• Steps 5-7 of rotation planning
• Pros and cons of tight rotation planning
• Resources and contact info
Plan for continuous supplies of popular summer vegetable crops, such as beans, squash, cucumbers and sweet corn; cold-weather hoophouse greens and year-round lettuce. Avoid vegetable gluts and shortages.
Planning for sustainable farming by feeding the soil. Growing and maintaining healthy soils. Using crop rotations, cover crops, compost and organic mulches. A step-by-step guide to crop rotation. Example of a ten part rotation of vegetables and cover crops. Benefits of crop rotations, cover crops and compost. Opportunities to grow cover crops. Fitting the cover crop with the goal; smothering weeds, fixing nitrogen, scavenging leftover nutrients, improving soil drainage, grazing for small animals, bio-fumigation, killing nematodes. How to make aerobic (hot) compost. Resource list included.
Year round vegetable production dawling 2017 90 minsPam Dawling
This document discusses year-round vegetable production at Twin Oaks Community in Virginia. The community aims to feed 100 people with organic produce year-round using various season extension and efficient production strategies. These include direct sowing and transplanting crops, succession planting, interplanting, and protecting crops from hot and cold weather. The document emphasizes the importance of healthy soil achieved through crop rotations, cover cropping, composting, and building soil organic matter.
Providing vegetables for the full eating season 2013 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Growing vegetables throughout the season - succession planting for continuous harvests of summer vegetables such as beans, squash, cucumbers and sweet corn; also
year-round lettuce, growing and storing cold-hardy winter vegetables
Growing sweet potatoes from start to finish Pam Dawling 2016Pam Dawling
How to grow your own sweet potato slips, plant them, grow healthy crops and harvest good yields. How to select suitable roots for growing next year’s slips. How to cure and store roots for top quality and minimal losses
Hoophouse in spring and summer 2017 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Food, Seeds, Cover Crops, Cut Flowers, Soil Building.
In colder zones growers use the summer hoophouse for all those hot weather crops that struggle outdoors! But if you can already grow melons, limas, okra outside, you may be left wondering how to make good use of that valuable covered space when it’s hot. As well as heat-loving crops, this presentation discusses cooling the hoophouse; using the opportunity to tackle soil-borne diseases or improve the soil and other uses like seed drying and storage.
How to succeed at growing lettuce year-round, using season extension techniques as needed. How to choose between different types and different varieties of lettuce, to suit your conditions. How to deal organically with pests and diseases. Many ways to protect lettuce from cold weather. Tricks to germinate and grow lettuce in hot weather. How to schedule lettuce plantings for a continuous supply, with no gaps or gluts.
Crop Planning for Sustainable Vegetable Production 2019 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Produce vegetable crops when you want them and in the right quantities; sell them where and when you need to and support yourself with a rewarding livelihood while replenishing the soil
Year round hoophouse vegetables. Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Which factors should you consider when planning how to keep your hoophouse filled with productive food crops all year? We consider suitable crops for various times of year: cold-hardy winter greens for cooking and salads; turnips, radishes and scallions; early warm weather crops such as tomatoes, peppers, squash, cucumbers; high summer crops such as edamame, cowpeas, melons, sweet potatoes. We also look at less common ideas: bare-root transplants for planting outdoors in spring, seeds, flowers, and cover crops for soil improvement.
The workshop includes ideas on how to maximize use of the space, including transplanting indoors from outdoors in the fall, seasonal transitions, packing more in with succession planting, interplanting and follow-on cropping. Planning is an important part of success: deciding which crops to grow, deciding how much to harvest and how much to plant, crop rotation, mapping and scheduling. We also look at the challenges of low temperatures, nitrate accumulation, snow, soil-borne diseases, and the challenges of summer: high temperatures, bugs, salt build-up. Year-round use includes attention to caring for the soil: maintaining organic matter, and pest management including solarization.
Sequential planting cool season crops in a hoophouse 2019 pam dawlingPam Dawling
Which factors should you consider when planning how to keep your hoophouse filled with productive food crops in the cool seasons? Suitable crops, cold-hardiness, deciding which crops to grow, deciding how much to harvest and how much to plant, crop rotation, mapping and scheduling, month by month planting, seasonal transitions, packing more in with succession planting, interplanting and follow-on cropping.
Deciding which vegetable crops to grow, pam dawlingPam Dawling
Grow vegetable crops that fit your goals, whether for sale or for your household. Consider which crops are easy to grow, most profitable for the space or time, most suited to your conditions, high yielding, and undemanding. Use a DIY Crop Value Rating system to choose between options.
Production of late fall, winter and early spring vegetable crops Pam DawlingPam Dawling
How to grow vegetables for harvest in late fall, though the winter and in early spring, particularly in the mid-Atlantic region, zones 6-7. Includes a list of suitable crops; details about growing them; how to schedule sowings to meet desired harvest dates; extending the season with row cover, low tunnels and high tunnels (hoophouses); mitigating the challenges of hot and cold weather, and protecting crops from insects. Hoophouse information includes minimizing nitrate accumulation in leafy greens, and planning for the Persephone days when the daylight length is shorter than 10 hours. Crops include lettuce, spinach, cooking greens, Asian greens, and roots. Includes information on winter hardiness, crop spacing, yields, and successful efficient planting techniques. Names some favorite varieties. The goals are to help growers farm the back end of the year, and increase earnings and the local food supply, while reducing the likelihood of beginner errors.
How to grow garlic, control weeds, pests and diseases, know when to harvest and how to cure and store. How to produce garlic scallions, garlic scapes and green garlic. How to choose between varieties.
Cover crops can provide multiple benefits for vegetable cropping systems, but require careful management. It is important to select cover crop species that match your objectives, such as grazing, nutrient scavenging, weed suppression, or nitrogen fixation. Proper planning is also key, considering the best times for planting and termination. While cover crops may not solve all problems in a crop rotation, they can be a useful tool when integrated into an overall soil health plan.
Sequential planting of cool season crops in high tunnels Pam Dawling 2017Pam Dawling
This document provides information on sequentially planting cool season crops in a high tunnel. It discusses 12 planning steps and then focuses on which crops to grow. Several suitable crops from different families like lettuce, spinach, kale and carrots are described. Details are given on how much to plant and harvest over the seasons with month-by-month schedules. The document also discusses packing more crops in through succession planting and intercropping. Record keeping and additional resources are mentioned.
Plant a Row for the Hungry - Kennett Square, PennsylvaniaFarica954z
This document provides tips for planning a successful vegetable garden, including site selection, soil preparation, choosing plants, and planting schedules. It recommends testing soil every 3-4 years and incorporating compost to improve soil quality. A variety of vegetables should be selected and planted in succession for a continuous harvest. Cool season vegetables like carrots and lettuce are planted in early spring, while warm season crops like tomatoes and peppers go in after the last frost. The document encourages donating extra produce to local food banks.
This document discusses growing Asian greens, including which crops the author recommends and their requirements. The author suggests growing Brassica rapa varieties like napa cabbage, michihili cabbage, celery cabbage, bok choy, and mizuna. Senposai, a cross between komatsuna and cabbage, is highlighted as producing large, tender leaves with a sweet flavor. Ruby Streaks mustard and komatsuna are also recommended. Requirements, harvest times, and advantages of each crop are provided. A few smaller crops are also mentioned that may work for other gardens but were too small for the author's purposes.
Storage vegetables for off season sales 2017 90min Pam DawlingPam Dawling
How to succeed with growing storage vegetables for sale in the off-season. Learn the cold-hardiness of various vegetable crops, how to predict the weather, methods to protect your crops from cold temperatures, various storage methods, and an introduction to hoophouse growing in winter.
Year round production of chrysanthemumnirmala puli
This document discusses production of chrysanthemum flowers. It covers various factors to consider for chrysanthemum production including photoperiod, temperature, humidity, soil conditions, use of growth regulators, and production methods. Chrysanthemums are short day plants and require long days for vegetative growth and short days for flower initiation. Temperature, light intensity, and humidity levels are also important environmental factors to control. The document provides details on maintaining mother blocks, nursery production, and the production block for greenhouse chrysanthemum cultivation.
Gardening in Drought Conditions - Parker County, TexasFujita64g
While planting during drought conditions makes success more difficult due to high evaporation and limited root growth, it is possible to establish new lawns and plant trees/shrubs if done properly. The article provides a three-week plan for establishing sod or Bermuda grass seed with daily watering amounts decreasing each week to develop a deeper root system. When planting trees or shrubs, the hole should be dug wider than the root ball and filled with native soil, pressed firmly and soaked to eliminate air pockets before mulching. New plants will need regular watering of at least 5 gallons when the soil is dry to help roots become established during their first summer.
You have a garden - how to keep it going - what to plant and when to plant. month wise activites. The book was written for the Doon gardening Society but it will be useful for every gardener
Unlock the secrets of how to grow dill with this informative presentation. From seed to harvest, learn the essential steps, best practices, and expert tips for increasing vibrant and aromatic dill in your garden or indoor space. Explore the ideal growing conditions, soil requirements, watering schedule, and pest management strategies to ensure a bountiful harvest of this flavorful herb.
This document provides guidance on planning and preparing a vegetable garden. It discusses the advantages of gardening and important considerations for location, soil type, crop selection, and garden layout. Specific tips are provided for soil management based on soil type, fertilizing, planting methods, weed and pest control, and crop rotation. The document concludes with an assignment to design a four-year garden plan demonstrating crop rotation.
42 .kitchen gardening a to z in pakistan A Series of Lectures By Mr. All...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A
Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Growing and Preserving Your Own Fruits and VegetablesSherry Ellis
Reap the benefits of growing your own fruits and vegetables by learning how to plan and maintain a garden. You will also learn about which plants work together and which don't, and how to can and preserve the fruits of your labors, so they can be enjoyed year-round.
Rose is a famous and very beautiful flower; the rose flower is a symbol of love all over the world. In Greenhouse mostly dutch rose variety cultivated, Dutch rose has high demand in national and international markets. Therefore Dutch rose cultivation is increasing day by day also Indian government promoting dutch rose farming by providing the subsidy.
Direct sunlight affects dutch rose productivity the plant required bright light Hence dutch rose grows very well in the Greenhouse where the climate is in control condition.
ABC of kitchen gardening in Pakistan By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides guidance on establishing and maintaining a kitchen garden. It discusses selecting a suitable site with sunlight, good drainage, and fertile soil. Key steps covered include preparing the soil by adding compost and fertilizer, deciding which crops to grow based on season, choosing between transplants or direct seeding, and proper spacing and planting methods. Ongoing maintenance activities like watering, weeding, and pest control are also mentioned. The document emphasizes that kitchen gardens can provide nutritional benefits by growing a variety of fresh vegetables as well as economic benefits through savings on food costs or income from surplus produce.
Fall Gardening Guide for Oklahoma, Gardening Guidebook for Oklahoma ~ Oklahoma State University
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
10. Kitchen gardening A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides guidance on kitchen gardening in 6 steps: 1) selecting a site that gets full sun and has good irrigation, 2) deciding garden size, 3) preparing soil by tilling and adding compost, 4) selecting crops suited to the climate and planting schedule, 5) maintaining the garden through irrigation, weeding, and pest control, and 6) harvesting produce. Key recommendations include building raised beds for easier access and warmer soil, starting seeds indoors for crops with long seasons, and using drip irrigation and mulch to conserve water. The goal is to harvest fresh vegetables every month through succession planting and selecting crops for each growing season.
Row Covers - Fall & Winter Gardening in the Pacific Northwest ~ Oregon Tilth ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Plant a Row for the Hungry - Beaverton, OregonFiraki958x
This document is a June newsletter from a gardening store with information and tips for gardeners. It recommends planting vegetables now to take advantage of the optimal planting season. It provides a chart of average days to maturity for common summer vegetables. It also discusses watering needs as the weather warms and announces the start of the new season for their "Plant a Row for the Hungry" community garden program.
This document provides an overview of considerations for starting a produce farm on an acreage. It discusses site analysis, soil testing, plant selection, crop rotation, equipment needs, irrigation, integrated pest management, season extension techniques, and food safety. Key recommendations include choosing a sunny site with good soil drainage, testing the soil pH and amending as needed, selecting crops and varieties suited to the climate, using crop rotation to reduce pests and diseases, and following food safety practices like the Food Safety Modernization Act produce safety rule.
Rapeseed-mustard is the second most important oil crop in Pakistan, grown on 307,000 hectares annually producing 233,000 tonnes. It is a rich source of oil and protein. Canola varieties have been developed that are lower in anti-nutritive compounds. Rapeseed grows best in temperate regions under cool temperatures and requires 3-4 irrigations. Key pests that can damage establishment include red-legged earth mites and blue oat mites, while cabbage aphids and turnip aphids threaten crops during flowering and pod formation.
- Anthuriums are tropical flowering plants native to South America that are popular for flower arrangements.
- They are commercially important and the Netherlands is the leading producer and exporter.
- There are different cultivars available in colors like red, white, orange and green.
- Anthuriums grow best in partial shade and require proper irrigation and fertilization to thrive.
- They are propagated through suckers and micropropagation and produce flowers that are harvested when fully bloomed.
This document provides information on extending the growing season in Northern Rhode Island. It discusses growing season, hardiness zones, climate, and microclimates. Various techniques are presented for growing crops into late fall and winter through succession planting, selecting hardy varieties, and creating protected microclimates using methods like raised beds, mulching, row covers, high tunnels, and greenhouses. Planning, record keeping, and trial and error are emphasized to successfully grow food year-round.
This document is a handbook about using buckwheat as a cover crop for weed management on Northeastern farms. It provides production directions for using buckwheat in different situations, such as following early vegetables, bringing idle land into production, and preparing for strawberries. It also provides guidance on procedures for ground preparation, sowing, killing buckwheat, and following crops. The key benefits of buckwheat as a cover crop are suppressing annual and perennial weeds and improving soil health.
How to get Start kitchen gardening By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides guidance on best practices for vegetable gardening, including soil preparation, planting, maintenance, and harvesting. Some key recommendations are to select recommended varieties for your climate, test and amend the soil, practice crop rotation to prevent buildup of pests and diseases, and use mulches and drip irrigation to conserve water and control weeds. Pest and weed management should focus on cultural and mechanical controls before using pesticides. Proper harvesting, handling, and storage helps maintain quality and nutritional value.
This document summarizes techniques for asexual plant propagation through stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, division, and layering. It discusses taking cuttings from herbaceous, softwood, semi-hardwood and hardwood stems. Proper procedures are outlined for rooting media, sticking cuttings, and maintaining humidity. Different plant structures used for division like rhizomes, stolons, bulbs and corms are described. Methods for layering include simple, tip, compound and mound layering. Advantages and challenges of asexual propagation are presented.
This document summarizes key sections from the 7th edition of the textbook "Practical Horticulture" by Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice Jr. It introduces the objectives of studying plant nomenclature and classification. It describes how botanical naming follows set conventions, with genus as the last name and specific epithet as the first name. Plants are classified into domains, kingdoms, divisions and other taxonomic ranks. The document outlines the distinguishing characteristics of monocots and dicots.
Snowy owls have evolved adaptations for surviving in Arctic conditions, including insulating feathers, keen vision and hearing to locate prey, camouflaging white feathers, and sharp talons and beaks. The chapter discusses the key properties of life, the hierarchical organization of living things from molecules to ecosystems, and how cells are the basic functional units. It also explains evolution as the process that creates the diversity of life through genetic changes over generations, and how natural selection leads to adaptations that increase reproductive success.
This document provides information for horticulture students on their class assignments, greenhouse protocols, and plant cultivation projects. Students are expected to read assigned chapters, answer questions, and keep a lab notebook documenting their observations of plant growth and greenhouse activities. Proper sanitation and cleaning of greenhouse surfaces, tools, and equipment is emphasized to prevent disease transmission. Specific instructions are given for growing poinsettia cultivars, including timing, temperature controls, and monitoring growth. Students will gain hands-on experience caring for crop plants and recording data to evaluate the production cycle.
Horticulture is a growing field with many career opportunities. The document outlines several areas of horticulture study including ornamentals, edibles, landscaping, turf management, and fruit and vegetable production. It notes that the USDA projects horticultural crop sales to reach $74 billion by 2023, demonstrating strong growth in the industry. The document encourages those interested in plants, the outdoors, problem solving, and making an impact to consider horticulture as it offers rewarding work in fields like nursery management, landscaping, gardening, and golf course and sports turf management.
The document provides an introduction to the horticulture class, explaining that students will be responsible for crop production and maintenance. It discusses various career opportunities in horticulture, such as working with ornamental plants, edible crops, landscaping, and turfgrass management. The document emphasizes that horticulture involves both art and science, and notes there is a growing job market for horticulture graduates.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. What
you
NEED
TO
KNOW
about
poinse5a
flowering:
• Poinse9as
ini?ate
flowers
when
days
become
shorter
than
nights.
In
the
Northern
Hemisphere,
this
day
length
condi?on
naturally
occurs
during
mid
to
late
September.
• Once
short
days
begin,
it
is
important
that
nights
con?nue
to
get
longer
for
bracts
to
form
color.
During
this
development
stage
of
the
poinse9a,
if
nights
get
shorter
rather
than
longer
the
flowering
will
be
disrupted
and
plants
will
fail
to
flower.
• The
phase
of
growth
prior
to
flower
ini?a?on
is
referred
to
as
vegeta?ve
growth,
while
the
flowering
stage
is
known
as
the
reproduc?ve
phase.
• The
flowering
response
?me
is
the
?me,
usually
in
weeks,
required
for
the
plant
to
develop
to
a
mature,
salable
flowering
plant
from
the
date
of
flower
ini?a?on.
This
assumes
all
growing
condi?ons
are
“normal”
for
the
crop.
3. Poinse9a
Crop
Scheduling
• Schedule
flowering
response
?me
for
op?mum
development.
•
Start
with
the
desired
flower
maturity
date
(we’re
using
Dec.
1)
and
work
backwards
using
the
flowering
response
?me
(for
these
cul?vars,
8
and
8.5
weeks)
to
determine
when
the
crop
needs
to
ini?ate
flower
in
order
to
be
ready
for
sale
at
the
appropriate
?me.
4. Vegeta?ve
Growth
Requirements
Vegeta?ve
Growth
Requirements:
Calculate
vegeta?ve
growth
requirements
based
on
the
finished
height
and
flower
ini?a?on
dates.
In
order
to
calculate
vegeta?ve
growth
requirements
the
grower
must
be
aware
of
when
a
cul?var
ini?ates
flowers
so
that
pinching
can
be
scheduled
accordingly.
A
properly
scheduled
pinch
assures
plants
will
have
enough
?me
between
pinch
and
flower
ini?a?on
to
form
enough
leaves
to
achieve
the
desired
finished
height.
Reduced
?me
between
pinch
and
flower
ini?a?on
will
result
in
shorter
plants.
5. Pinching
• The
?me
needed
for
vegeta?ve
growth
is
based
on
desired
size,
geographic
loca?on,
and
vigor
of
each
cul?var.
• Each
cul?var
has
a
different
natural
growth
poten?al
so
more
or
less
?me
between
pinch
and
flower
ini?a?on
is
required
based
on
natural
vigor.
• Plants
in
larger
pots
require
more
?me
between
pinch
and
flower
ini?a?on.
Geographic
loca?on
is
also
important
because
naturally
higher
light
and
warmer
temperatures
will
result
in
more
vegeta?ve
growth.
Growers
in
southern
climates
will
find
that
less
?me
is
necessary
between
pinch
and
flower
ini?a?on
to
achieve
adequate
size
while
growers
in
northern
climates
will
find
that
more
?me
is
required.
The
charts
provided
(Table
2)
suggest
the
produc?on
?me
for
various
forms
based
on
loca?on.
6. How
to
Pinch
Poinse9as
A
school
video
that
shows
you
how
to
pinch
at
least
5
nodes
up
and
½”
down
from
the
?p.
7. Last
Word
on
the
Pinch
• We
will
pinch
about
Sept.
22
to
give
the
plant
plenty
of
?me
between
the
pinch
and
flower
ini?a?on
?me.
The
pinch
will
increase
branching
so
the
plants
begin
to
fill
out.
Leave
about
7
nodes.
• We
will
be
doing
a
“so`
pinch”—that
is
a
pinching
off
of
the
main
stem
?p
and
immature
leaves
only.
8. Understanding
Photoperiodic
Response
Poinse5as
are
classified
as
short-‐day
(long-‐night)
plants
that
ini?ate
flowers
when
the
day
length
is
reduced
to
a
cri?cal
amount
of
?me,
12
hours
and
20
minutes.
This
occurs
around
September
20
to
25,
during
the
fall
equinox.
(Right
now,
our
day
length,
which
is
ge5ng
shorter,
is
about
13.5
hours.
We
also
have
campus
lights
that
shine
more
than
2
fc
onto
our
plants,
which
means
that
they
would
interrupt
the
night
length.)
Photoperiod
Manipula?on
Requirements:
If
the
desired
cul?var’s
natural
finish
date
based
on
flower
ini?a?on
date
and
response
?me
do
not
match
with
desired
finish
dates
then
photoperiod
manipula?on
must
be
used.
To
force
earlier
finish,
black
clothing
must
be
used
to
ini?ate
flowers
early.
Determine
black
cloth
start
?me
by
subtrac?ng
response
in
weeks
from
the
desired
finish
date
(Dec.
1
–
about
8
weeks
for
our
cul?vars).
hcp://www.greenhousegrower.com/video/plant-‐culture/v-‐understanding-‐
photoperiodic-‐response/
9. More
on
Ligh?ng
and
Photoperiod
Ligh?ng
and
Photoperiod:
Light
intensity
for
growing
quality
poinse9as
should
be
3,500
to
4,500
fc
for
cul?vars
with
dark
green
foliage
and
5,000
to
6,000
fc
for
cul?vars
with
medium
green
foliage.
We
will
likely
add
ligh?ng
from
about
Sept.
11
to
Sept.
30
if
light
levels
fall
below
5-‐6,000
fc.
Shade
cloth
is
generally
required
in
the
south
for
reducing
greenhouse
temperatures.
A
30-‐40%
shade
cloth
can
be
used
un?l
October
1
without
affec?ng
plant
quality.
We
used
40%
shade
cloth
just
to
help
acclimate
our
rooted
cu9ngs,
but
will
be
removing
it
on
9/8.
If
we
need
to,
we
will
reduce
light
intensity
to
2,000
fc
a`er
the
primary
bracts
are
fully
colored
and
the
secondary
bracts
almost
mature,
to
prevent
fading.
10. Ligh?ng
and
Black
Cloth
• Some
cul?vars
ini?ate
flowering
prior
to
the
cri?cal
day
lengths
and
should
be
lighted
with
night
ligh?ng.
(We
will
not
need
to
do
this.)
• If
the
schedule
for
a
cul?var
requires
the
start
of
short
days
before
those
naturally
occurring,
pull
black
cloth
over
the
plants
from
5
p.m.
to
8
a.m.
at
the
appropriate
?me
of
year,
depending
on
the
cul?var
and
geographic
loca?on.
• 14-‐hour
nights
should
be
provided
using
black
cloth.
We
will
be
doing
this
from
about
Oct.
6
un?l
about
Nov.
5.
• For
later
finishing,
ligh?ng
to
extend
the
day
length
is
used
to
delay
flower
ini?a?on.
11. Our
Schedule
• We
will
add
ligh?ng
from
about
Sept.
11
to
Sept.
30.
• 14-‐hour
nights
should
be
provided
using
black
cloth.
We
will
be
doing
this
from
about
Oct.
6
un?l
about
Nov.
5
or
so,
from
5:00
p.m.
to
8:30
a.m.
Add
ligh?ng
9/11
to
9/30
if
less
than
5,000
fc
Sept.
3
Sept.
22
9/3:
Add
shade
cloth;
add
fer?lizer
when
watering.
Remove
shade
cloth
on
or
before
9/22.
Fungicide
9/3.
Oct.
6-‐Nov.11
Dec.
8
Pinch
Black
cloth
Dec.
1
Taper
off
fer?lizer
12. • Add
Poinse5a
Schedule
-‐
Es?mated
shade
cloth
on
Sept.
3;
may
add
ligh?ng
from
about
9/11-‐9/22
• Add
15-‐5-‐15
fer?lizer
when
watering:
3.38
oz.
(98.52
g)
conc./gal.
water
for
1:16
Hozon
• Pinch
on
Sept.
22
• Black
cloth
starts
about
Oct.
6
un?l
Nov.
5
• Be
vigilant!
Look
for
any
signs
of
stress,
pests
(whitefly),
and
diseases
• Sale
date
around
Dec.
8
18. Poinse9a
Temperatures
v November-‐
Drop
night
temperatures
to
55-‐
60°F
(12-‐16°C).
Do
not
drop
temperatures
below
55°F
(12°C).
Flower
development
will
not
progress
below
50°F
(10°C)
and
chilling
injury
may
occur.
v On
sunny
days
allow
the
greenhouse
to
warm
to
75-‐80°F
(24-‐26°C)
to
offset
cold
nights.
On
cloudy
days
maintain
75°F
(24°C).
The
goal
is
to
achieve
an
average
daily
temperature
of
65°F(18°C).
v Mid
November
to
December-‐
Plants
are
mature
and
ready
to
ship.
19. • Media
for
growing
poinse9as
should
be
on
the
coarse
side
and
excep?onally
well-‐drained.
• The
pH
should
be
5.8-‐6.4.
• Poinse9as
are
more
suscep?ble
to
calcium
and
magnesium
deficiencies
than
many
plants;
therefore,
we
are
using
a
fer?lizer
with
5%
Mg
and
2%
Ca,
as
well
as
micronutrients,
added.
• FAFARD
MIX
NO.
3-‐B
is
an
excellent,
general
purpose
mix
containing
peat
moss,
perlite,
vermiculite
and
about
on-‐e
fourth
processed
bark.
It
is
recommended
for
flowering
plants,
bedding
plants,
hanging
baskets,
foliage
plants
and
interiorscape
use.
This
is
the
preferred
Fafard
mix
for
flowering
plants.
20. Water
A
dependable
source
of
high
quality
water
is
an
important
considera?on
in
growing
poinse9as.
The
alkalinity
of
the
water
should
not
be
so
high
as
to
drive
the
pH
of
the
medium
above
6.5
or
micronutrient
deficiencies
can
occur.
The
total
soluble
salts
and
presence
of
nutrients
or
toxins
should
also
be
known.
Poinse5as
can
be
watered
overhead
during
early
stages
of
produc?on
but
moisture
on
the
bracts
is
highly
undesirable.
Therefore,
it
is
recommended
that
crops
be
placed
on
an
automa?c
watering
system
at
or
soon
a`er
spacing.
We,
however,
have
other
plants
with
different
fer?lizer
needs
on
that
system,
so
we
will
need
to
hand
water
and
use
the
Hozon
siphoner.
21.
22. Fer?liza?on
• Poinse9as
are
generally
heavy
feeders,
especially
during
early
produc?on.
Fer?liza?on
should
begin
as
soon
ader
po5ng
as
possible
depending
on
how
much
starter
nutri?on
has
been
added
to
the
medium.
• Fer?lity
programs
vary
widely
and
may
include
liquid
fer?liza?on
or
liquid
in
combina?on
with
slow
release
fer?lizers.
However,
success
depends
on
raising
the
ini?al
fer?lity
quickly,
then
tapering-‐off
toward
the
finish
of
the
crop.
• We
will
be
using
a
15-‐5-‐15
(N-‐P-‐K)
fer?lizer
at
300
ppm
(4.04
oz.
or
114.5
g/
gallon
concentrate)
to
start.
• N-‐P-‐K
is
the
elemental
shorthand
for
the
three
major
nutrients
in
fer?lizers.
“N”
stands
for
Nitrogen,
“P”
stands
for
Phosphate
(P2O2)
and
“K”
stands
for
Potash
(K2O).
We
are
using
the
percentage
of
nitrogen
(N)
to
determine
the
amount
of
fer?lizer
to
use.
24. We’ve
started
with
300
ppm
(parts
per
million).
That’s
about
4.1
oz.
Cal-‐Mag/gal.
of
concentrate
with
a
1:16
Hozon
siphoner.
25. Our
fer?lizer
program:
• 15-‐5-‐15
at
300
ppm
N
(4.1
oz/gal.
with
1:16
Hozon
siphoner)
for
first
4-‐5
waterings.
Drop
to
200-‐250
ppm
N
(3
oz./gal.
concentrate)
a`er
5th
watering.
• Drop
to
100-‐150
ppm
N
N
(1.7
oz/gal.
with
1:16
Hozon
siphoner)
in
November.
• Test
and
chart
pH
and
soluble
salts
at
least
every
two
weeks.
We
will
use
an
EC
meter
and
pH
kit
to
do
this.
• Reduce
nutri?on
in
the
last
few
weeks
of
the
crop.
In
November
and
December,
temperatures
and
light
intensity
are
dropping
and
the
needs
of
the
plant
decrease
as
flowers
develop.
• Many
growers
will
stop
fer?lizing
completely
in
late
November.
Shelf
life
of
poinse9as
is
increased
if
the
media
soluble
salts
is
close
to
zero
at
shipping
(or
sale)
?me.
26. Spacing
Poinse9a
plants
are
o`en
maintained
on
benches,
pot-‐to-‐pot
a`er
po9ng
and
up
to
the
?me
of
pinch
for
easy
maintenance
and
to
make
the
pinching
task
easier.
However,
they
should
be
placed
at
the
final
spacing
soon
a`er
pinching
and
before
plants
begin
to
crowd.
This
increases
the
light
intercep?on
by
the
plants
and
decreases
the
need
for
growth
retardant.
(We
are
not
using
growth
retardant.)
Final
Ideal
Spacing
for
Pinched
Plants
Pot
size
Cu9ngs/pot
Spacing
(")
Sq.`./pot
6
2
15
x
15
1.5
4
1
8
x
9
.5
27. Write
in
Your
Greenhouse
Notebook
• Poced
rooted
cu9ngs:
9/3/14
• Added
shade
cloth:
9/3/14
• Fer?lized
with
300
ppm
15-‐5-‐15
Cal-‐Mag
fer?lizer.
(4.05
z.
or
114.8
g/gal.
conc.):
9/3/14
• Treated
with
BanRot
(recommended
for
poinse9as
is
6-‐12
oz./100
gal.)
12
oz./100
gal=.12
oz/1
gal.
x
16
(for
the
1:16
propor?oner)
=
1.92
oz./gal.
conc.:
9/3/14
• Fer?lized
and
treated
with
BanRot:
9/5/14
• Removed
dead
leaves:
9/5/14