This document discusses various types of horseback riding sports and activities. It describes the main goals and equipment used in dressage, which involves training a horse to perform movements in an obedient and balanced way. Cross-country riding involves riding over natural terrain and jumping obstacles within a time limit. Show jumping has horses clear a course of 15-20 obstacles of varying designs. Other discussed disciplines include combined driving, endurance riding, horseball, reining, tent pegging and vaulting.

2. Use of horses for practical working purposes,
recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises,
and competitive sports.
The sport of sitting on the back of a horse while
controlling its movements.
It is the art of keeping a horse between you and the
ground

4. Recreation-Activity done for enjoyment
when one is not working.
Sport/competition-Physical activity that is governed by
a set of rules or customs and often engaged in
competitively
Love of animals
Ranch work

5. There are two types of sports in horseback riding
Olympic :-
•Dressage
•Cross country
•Show jump
Other disciplines:-
•Combined driving
•Endurance riding
•Horseball
•Reining
•Tent Pegging
•Vaulting

6. Dressage-A French word meaning 'training'. It is the act of training
a horse perform the requested movements in a relaxed, balanced,
obedient and willing manner.
What Is the Goal of Dressage?
The goal of dressage training is to develop a horse's flexibility,
responsiveness to aids and balance. This makes the horse
stronger and more pleasurable to ride. If you compete you will
always be competing against yourself, as well as others taking
the test. The goal in competition is to always improve on your
own score.

7. Equipment You'll Need for Dressage
•Any sound horse or pony of any breed can be ridden at the lower levels.
•An English snaffle bit.
•An English saddle.
•Gloves, shirt, jacket, breeches, boots and approved helmet.

8. Cross country- riding across natural terrain (i.e. trails and
fields) jumping a set course of obstacles within a specified
time.

9. Length and types of obstacles
The cross-country course is approximately two and three
quarter to four miles (6 km) long, comprising some
twenty-four to thirty-six fixed and solid obstacles.
Obstacles usually are built to look "natural" (out of logs,
for instance), however odd materials and decorations
may be added to test the horse's bravery. Obstacles can
include all those that might be found if riding across the
countryside, including water, trees, logs, ditches, and
banks.

10. Types of Cross Country Obstacles
Horse and rider negotiating the ditch element of a coffin
There are many different types of cross county obstacles, all
designed, in some degree, to imitate or resemble obstacles that a
horse and rider could theoretically encounter in actual cross-
country riding. Some obstacles are single jumps, or "verticals"
made of different types of materials. Some may have multiple
elements taken in a single jump, such as triple bars or oxers,
sometimes called "spread" fences.Water obstacles are also usually
used on most courses, as are Log jumps. Yet others
are Combinations of several elements including logs, banks, water,
and ditches.

12. Show jumping-Show jumping is an equestrian event where each
horse-rider combination must clear a number (on average 15 to 20)
of obstacles on a set course and within a specified time

13. Types of show jumps
Show jumping fences often are colorful, sometimes very elaborate
and artistic in design, particularly at the highest levels of competition.
Types of jumps used include the following:
•An oxer – England, 2004
•A Liverpool – California, USA, 2005
•Vertical (or upright) – a jump that consists of poles or planks placed
one directly above another with no spread, or width, to jump
•Oxer – two verticals close together, to make the jump wider, also
called a spread
•Square oxer (sometimes known as Box Oxer): both top poles
are of an equal height
•Ascending oxer (usually called a Ramped Oxer): the furthest
pole is higher than the first
•Descending oxer (usually called an Offset Oxer): the furthest
pole is lower than the closest
•Swedish oxer: the poles slant in opposite directions, so that they
appear to form an "X" shape when seen head on

14. •Triple bar – is a spread fence using three elements of
graduating heights
•Cross rail – not commonly used in sanctioned horse shows, and
sometimes called a "cross-pole," two poles crossed with one end
of each pole being on the ground and on jump standards so that
the center is lower than the sides; used at small shows and for
schooling purposes to help the horse jump in the center of the
fence
•Wall – this type of jump usually is made to resemble a brick wall,
but the "bricks" are constructed of a lightweight material and fall
easily when knocked
•Hogsback – a type of spread fence with three rails where the
tallest pole is in the center

17. Combined driving

18. Endurance riding

19. Horse ball

20. Reining

21. Tent pegging

22. Vaulting