Plant Growth Regulators use in tissue culture

1. PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
S. No. Content
1. Introduction
2. Types
3. Properties
4. Application in Tissue
Culture
Sandhya Upadhyay

2. Plant growth hormones are also known as Phyto-
hormone are signal molecules that regulate plant
growth and development.
Auxin Cytokinins
Gibberellic
Acid
Abscisic
Acid
Ethylene

3. ROLE OF AUXIN AND CYTOKININ
• The Auxin facilitate cell division and root
differentiation and formation of callus in
cultures.
• Majorly used auxin in plant tissue culture are
IBA, NAA AND 2, 4- D.
• Ratio of auxin and cytokinin play an important
role in the morphogenesis of culture system.
1. High auxin ratio compared to cytokinin initiate
embryogenesis, callus and root initiation.
2. Low auxin ratio to cytokinin promote axillary
and shoot proliferation.
• The Cytokinins induce cell division,
differentiation, promote RNA synthesis and
stimulate protein and enzyme activities in
tissues.
• Kinetin and benzyl-aminopurine are the most
frequently used cytokinin in plant cell cultures.

4. • The Gibberellins
enhance the callus
growth , induce
dwarf plantlets to
elongate and
break dormancy.
GA3 is mainly used
in tissue culture.
• Pluse treatment of
GA3 is usually
used to break seed
dormancy.
GIBBERELLIC ACID

5. • Abscisic acid (ABA) is used in plant tissue culture to promote
distinct developmental pathways such as somatic
embryogenesis.
• Ethylene is associated with controlling fruit ripening in
climacteric fruits, and its use in plant tissue culture is not
widespread. Some plant cell cultures produce ethylene which,
if it builds up sufficiently, can inhibit the growth and
development of the culture.
ROLE OF ABSCISIC ACID AND ETHYLENE

6. Type of hormone Name Sensitivity Solubility
Light Heat
Auxin IAA
IBA
NAA
2,4- D
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
1 N NaOH/ 96%
alcohol
1 N NaOH
96% alcohol, slightly
heated
Cytokinin BAP
Kinetin
No No For both 1 N NaOH
Gibberellic Acid No Yes 1 N NaOH/ 1 N HCl
Abscisic Acid No No Alcohol
PROPERTIES OF HORMONES USED IN TISSUE CULTURE