This document provides an overview of homeopathy, including its history starting in the late 1700s, key concepts like "like cures like" and highly diluted doses, common misconceptions, and lack of scientific evidence that it is effective. It notes homeopathy involves treating patients with substances that are diluted to such an extreme degree that there are likely no active molecules remaining. The document concludes that homeopathy is essentially no different than a placebo.
The history & development of traditional chinese medicineHuzaifa Zahoor
Traditional Chinese medicine is system of medicine at least 23 centuries old that aims to prevent or heal disease by maintaining or restoring yinyang balance.
China has one of the world’s oldest medical systems.
Acupuncture and Chinese herbal remedies date back at least 2,200 years, although the earliest known written record of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) from the 3rd century BCE.
The history & development of traditional chinese medicineHuzaifa Zahoor
Traditional Chinese medicine is system of medicine at least 23 centuries old that aims to prevent or heal disease by maintaining or restoring yinyang balance.
China has one of the world’s oldest medical systems.
Acupuncture and Chinese herbal remedies date back at least 2,200 years, although the earliest known written record of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) from the 3rd century BCE.
Naturopathy is a holistic approach to wellness. The underlying principles of naturopathy are the importance of a healthy diet, clean fresh water, sunlight, exercise and stress management.
Homoeopathic dynamisation in detail with recent techniques of potentisation is explained. Trituration and succusion is also discussed. All the terms available according to different author are published.
Homeopathy is a way of treating an illness in which the patient is given very small amounts of a drug that produces signs of the illness in healthy people.
Hahnemann proposed the law of homeopathy in 1796: “Like Cures Like,” or in Latin, “Similia Similibus Curantur.” Homoeopathy is based on inductive method of reasoning.
Naturopathy is a holistic approach to wellness. The underlying principles of naturopathy are the importance of a healthy diet, clean fresh water, sunlight, exercise and stress management.
Homoeopathic dynamisation in detail with recent techniques of potentisation is explained. Trituration and succusion is also discussed. All the terms available according to different author are published.
Homeopathy is a way of treating an illness in which the patient is given very small amounts of a drug that produces signs of the illness in healthy people.
Hahnemann proposed the law of homeopathy in 1796: “Like Cures Like,” or in Latin, “Similia Similibus Curantur.” Homoeopathy is based on inductive method of reasoning.
This presentation was prepared by Dr. Abdul Nasir to be presented to the Kabul Medical University. The purpose of this presentation was to introduce the Homeopathic Medical System in Afghanistan for the first time.
Please visit to see our progress in Afghanistan about Homeopathy.
www.cttc-af.org
www.wix.com/drabnasir/ahma
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Afghanistan-Homeopathic-Medical-Association/366233993393426
This is a colorful slide show created by Deborah Olenev CCH RSHom (NA) that describes what homeopathy is, its principles, what the remedies are made of and what happens at a homeopathic consultation.
Healthcare and medicine are being revolutionized by communications and computational resources. Understanding how the convergence of these enabling technologies is advancing our ability to get and stay well is the topic of this presentation.
From your home to the waiting room, today’s patient experience is rapidly evolving and will continue changing into the future. We have more control and insight into healthcare than ever before, largely due to emerging and readily accessible technologies. This is impacting both the experience at the provider’s office and how patients research and address their own healthcare at home. A look at the technologies that are changing healthcare and practical applications for consumers to take charge of their health today. This presentation was originally given at the 2013 Better Health: Everyone's Responsibility Conference.
Introduction to Integrative Medicine for Mental HealthLouis Cady, MD
This is the first of three lectures that Dr. Cady will present in Sao Paulo, Brazil, for Laboratorio Great Plains. In it, he reviews key concepts of integrative medicine, functional testing, and a rational style of thinking through a patient's problems down to the fundamental level. IgG food allergies, depression, low testosterone, and nutrient deficiencies are all covered
Public profile of homoeopathy– the evidence base for homoeopathic prescribingGyandas Wadhwani
As a specialized system of therapeutics and pharmacology, homoeopathy, has withstood all possible criticism, from quackery to witchcraft and placebo to nocebo. Attempts have been made to curb the rising popularity through all the articles and data analysis proving or disproving homoeopathy, especially published in ‘the lancet’, over last few decades.
One of the learned physicians once said about homoeopathy, ‘It is the medicine of the ten percent’. But is it really so? The trends across the globe highlight an increasing inclination towards homoeopathy.
In spite of numerous publications, reviews and researches condemning all that is known as homoeopathy, the financial sector has been a boom in business worldwide. But is it a bubble about to burst?
How to make a fruitful and perhaps lasting, or at least unforgotten, impact on the world? Research, says the researcher; advertise, says the practitioner with a chain of clinics; laboratory experimentation with reproducibility, says the scientist; treat larger number of patients, says the practitioner. Is it enough?
Lately the homoeopathic research scientists are throwing weight behind the works of Archibald Leman Cochrane, widely regarded as the father of ‘Evidence based medicine’. Will it keep the vultures at bay?
Let us join hands and pledge to stand firmly together and forever, silence one and all, for this system of specialized therapeutics offers multum in parvo. Together we can uplift the profile of homoeopathy for public at large.
For those who experience discomfort with an unknown cause, it is possible that it has something to do with an unbalance of bad bacteria in the stomach. There could be more bad bacteria than positive bacteria. Find out more here.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. UBC SBM
Table of Contents
• Famous Numbers
• Homeopathy
– History
– Dilutions
– Common misconceptions
– Homeopathic vaccines
– Examples
– Ethics
– Interesting facts
3. Famous Numbers
• There are lots of famous numbers:
• Pi, or π, or 3.14 Pi is not:
UBC SBM
4. Famous Numbers
• There’s also Avagadro’s Number:
6 x 1023
That’s the same as a six with 23 zeros!
600 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
That’s a BIG number!
UBC SBM
5. Famous Numbers
Avagadro’s number is really
interesting because that’s how
many molecules of O2 there are
in 22.4 litres
- About 6 milk jugs
Also called a “Mole”
UBC SBM
6. Moles
• A mole of paper would make a stack to moon
and back 80 billion times
• A mole of seconds is about 19 quadrillion
years
UBC SBM
8. Medicine in 18th Century
• Pre-scientific and
often harmful
– Bloodletting
• The cure often worse
than disease!
• Doing “nothing” appears
like good medicine
UBC SBM
9. History of Homeopathy
• Invented by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796
– Germany
• Was bothered by current explanation for how
cinchona bark cured malaria.
– “Strengthens the stomach”
– In fact contains Quinine
• kills malaria parasite
UBC SBM
10. History of Homeopathy
• Decided to dose himself with cinchona
– Palpitations
– Anxiety
– Trembling
– NO fever (malaria causes very high fevers)
• Concluded first tenant: “like cures like”
– If two diseases with “similar” symptoms affect
patient, the “stronger” disease cures “weaker”
– Only experiment behind “like cures like”
UBC SBM
11. History of Homeopathy
• Second tenant: Potentization
– Serial dilutions and succussions (shakings)
– Believed made remedy more potent
• Not a single molecule remained
UBC SBM
12. History of Homeopathy
• “Provings”
– Healthy subjects given preparation
– EVERY sensation, feeling, mood change, and
physical change over days to months caused by
preparation
• No matter how trivial or vague
• Example: “dreams which are not remembered” or
“tickling sensation on the palm which obliges a person
to scratch”
UBC SBM
13. History of Homeopathy
• Materia Medica
– Textbook of provings
– 1300 recorded
– Half before 19th century
– 65 from Hahnemann
• Randomized controlled trials:
– “provers” not able to distinguish between
homeopathic preparation and placebo
UBC SBM
14. Modern Homeopathy
• Same core tenants
– Homeopathic vaccines
• Opposition to immunizations
– “Nosodes”
• Potentized diseased animal parts
UBC SBM
15. Homeopathic Logic
• Example: A drug that wakes you up?
• Does decaf coffee put you to sleep? ...
• Lets look at dilutions
– More fun with numbers!
UBC SBM
Dilute!
16. Dilutions
• Exactly how dilute does homeopathy go?
• Listed as multiples of “C”.
– C is diluted 100 times.
– 2C is 100 x 100 = 10 000 times diluted.
– Up to 200C ...
• The “most potent” homeopathic dose is a
dilution of 10400! (or a dose of 10-400)
– A mole mole mole mole mole mole mole mole
mole mole mole mole mole mole mole mole mole
UBC SBM
18. Dilutions
• Some perspective:
– How much of 12C homeopathic remedy would
you need to get just 1 molecule of caffeine?
– The ENTIRE Atlantic Ocean!!!
– How many molecules are you getting in a pill?
• Zilch. Nada. Zero.
UBC SBM
19. How do Vaccines Work?
• Vaccines can be made several
different ways: weakening the bug,
killing it, using only some of its
proteins, etc
• What all of these methods do is
allow your body to recognize part of
the bug so that you can strengthen
your immune system
UBC SBM
20. Homeopathic Vaccines
• Has no molecule of the bug!
• Your body cannot build an immune response
• Homeopathic vaccines have been shown to
not be effective to stop infection
– Use proper immunizations!
UBC SBM
21. Misconceptions
• Homeopathy is NOT naturopathy.
– But often naturopaths practice homeopathy
• All who trained in BC are taught it
– Homeopathy = lots and lots of dilutions
UBC SBM
22. Examples
• Oscillococcinum
– Very popular as “flu treatment” or “vaccine”
– Duck liver and heart diluted 10400 times
– No evidence to work
• “Neurexan” sleeping pill
– Made from coffee!
– Famously, people try to overdose on it
• They can’t.
UBC SBM
23. Ethics
• It is unethical to knowingly give a patient a
placebo without telling them
– Truth telling
• Homeopathy has been shown consistently to
be no different from placebo.
• Therefore, it is unethical to not inform people
that it is no better than placebo.
UBC SBM
24. Interesting Facts
• James Randi offers a $1 Million prize to
anyone who can prove homeopathy works
UBC SBM
25. Summary
• Homeopathy started in Germany in 1700s, not
thousands of years ago.
• Belief that “like cures like”
– At infinitesimal doses
• No good evidence that it works
• No scientific plausibility that it could work
• Ultimately: Very expensive water
UBC SBM
26. References
• Cullen W. Materia Medica. In: History of Homœopathy: its Origin; its Conflict, Ameke, WE (Eds), Gould &
Son, London 1885. p.103.
• Hahnemann, SC. Organon of Medicine, 5th ed, Dudegeon 1833.
www.homeopathyhome.com/reference/organon/18.html#53 (Accessed on July 15th, 2012).
• Fishbein M. The Rise and Fall of Homeopathy. In: Fads and Quackery in Healing, Fishbein M (Ed), Blue
Ribbon Books, Inc., New York 1932. p.19.
• Brien S, Lewith G, Bryant T. Ultramolecular homeopathy has no observable clinical effects. A randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled proving trial of Belladonna 30C. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 56:562.
• Walach H, Köster H, Hennig T, Haag G. The effects of homeopathic belladonna 30CH in healthy volunteers
-- a randomized, double-blind experiment. J Psychosom Res 2001; 50:155.
• Vickers AJ, van Haselen R, Heger M. Can homeopathically prepared mercury cause symptoms in healthy
volunteers? A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2001; 7:141.
• Vickers A, McCarney R, Fisher P, van Haselen R. Can homeopaths detect homeopathic medicines? A pilot
study for a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled investigation of the proving hypothesis. Br
Homeopath J 2001; 90:126.
• Dantas F, Fisher P, Walach H, et al. A systematic review of the quality of homeopathic pathogenetic trials
published from 1945 to 1995. Homeopathy 2007; 96:4.
• Ernst, E. “A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy”. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;
54(6):577-82
UBC SBM
