The document discusses cultural dimensions such as individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, masculinity versus femininity, long-term versus short-term orientation, and indulgence versus restraint. It highlights how these traits affect social norms, workplace dynamics, and attitudes towards change in various countries. Different cultures exhibit distinct preferences for these dimensions, impacting their approaches to leadership and social interaction.

2.  Individualism – Personal needs &
goals are prioritized. Stress is
independent rather than
interdependent.
 Collectivism – Needs and goals of
the group or organization. Has the
great emphasis on the views and
needs of the group. Majorly follows
social norms and duty defined by
the group.

3.  The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by
ambiguous or unknown situations
 High uncertainty avoidance culture attempt to increase the assurance
 Low uncertainty avoidance culture easily accepts the uncertainty
inherent in life
Examples
High Uncertainty
 Traditional gender roles at workplace
 Countries: Japan, Germany, Latin America, etc.
Low uncertainty
 People will be more open to innovation and change
 There is an increased willingness and readiness to take risks
 Countries: US, UK, Denmark, etc.

4.  Power distance is a extent to people
view unequal status differences as
legal
 Groups with low power distance
expect more democratic systems of
relationships.
 Members of groups with high power
distance are usually less willing to
express doubts or disagreements
with their bosses
Examples
 In the western countries there are
low power distance, they treat
employee according to their work
not on the basis of their rank.
 In contrast, Asian companies have
high power distance, it reflects
inequality in work environment.

5.  Masculinity stands for a society in which
shows gender role are clearly distinct: Men
are supposed to be assertive, tough, and
focus on material success; Women are
modest, tender and concerned with quality of
life
 Femininity stands for the society in which
social gender roles overlap: Both Men and
women are supposed to be modest, tender,
concerned with the quality of life

7. LONG TERM/ SHORT TERM
ORIENTATION
 Long-term orientation describes the inclination of a society toward searching for
virtue.
 A culture that scores high in long-term orientation will often put emphasis on
traditions and customs, and will view change as a negative.
 Short-term orientation pertains to those societies that are strongly inclined
toward the establishment of the absolute truth.
 Short-term cultures are much more accepting on change, seeing it as inevitable.
 Long-term orientated cultures will also plan for the future.
 Short-term orientated cultures are likely to focus on short-term gains in life.

8. Indulgence stands for
desires related to
enjoying life
Sense of freedom
Restraint regulated by
strict social norms