This document discusses personal health records (PHRs) and other technologies for health consumers. It covers definitions of PHRs, standards related to PHRs, current usage of PHRs, benefits and barriers of PHRs, challenges in establishing best practices, and ways to support patient use of PHRs including the Blue Button and MyHealtheVet portals. The document also briefly discusses mobile health devices and digital health technologies.
Director Rodriguez provides an overview to the new impact of the Omnibus HIPAA Rulemaking and highlights OCR’s commitment to enforcement, audit and education initiatives in the coming year.
Director Rodriguez provides an overview to the new impact of the Omnibus HIPAA Rulemaking and highlights OCR’s commitment to enforcement, audit and education initiatives in the coming year.
Presentation by Megan Douglas, JD for the Third Annual Policy Prescriptions® Symposium
She is the associate director of Health Information Technology Policy in the National Center for Primary Care at Morehouse School of Medicine.
The symposium is designed for clinicians, healthcare workers, and healthcare executives interested in exploring the major themes that will emerge in health policy throughout the year. This year, the symposium will emphasize value in healthcare, health information technology, gun violence, insurance choices, the Affordable Care Act, and the viewpoints of the Presidential candidates on health care.
Slide Presentation for the Week10 Activity of HI 201. Some of the pictures used in the presentation are from http://all-free-download.com/free-photos/.
Delivered by Craig Brammer at CITIH 2011. Focus on discussion of regional and national initiatives and opportunities for regional partners to leverage them for driving healthcare improvements, public health and research.
This session will provide a broad perspective on the many initiatives related to HIT. Experts from the regional and national level will discuss data models, privacy concerns and adoption strategies from their different perspectives. Also addressed will be planning for NHIN direct adoption as a complimentary strategic to full HIEs.
Dealing With Payers With Physician Driven Cost AndWilliam Cockrell
This is a presentation I just did for MGMA Alabama on how providers should develop their own cost and quality data. Thanks to RealTime Medical Data for their support.
FTC Spring Privacy Series: Consumer Generated and Controlled Health DataBrian Ahier
Increasingly, consumers are taking a more active role in managing and generating their own health data. For example, consumers are researching their health conditions and diagnosing themselves online. Consumers are also uploading their information into personal health records and apps that allow them to manage and analyze their data, and utilizing connected health and fitness devices that regularly collect information about them and transmit this information to other entities.
The movement of health data outside the traditional medical provider context has many potential benefits; however, it also raises potential privacy concerns. The seminar will address questions such as:
What types of websites, products, and services are consumers using to generate and control their health data, and how are consumers using them?
Who are the companies behind these websites, products, and services, what are their business models, and what does the current marketplace look like?
How can consumers benefit from these companies’ websites, products, and services?
What actions are these companies taking to protect consumers’ privacy and security?
What do consumers expect from these companies regarding privacy and security protections?
Do consumers differentiate between these companies and those that offer traditional medical products and services that are covered by HIPAA?
What restrictions, if any, do advertising networks and others impose on tracking of health data?
Innovations and Trends in Health Care: The Advent and Use of Personal Health ...Mark Silverberg
My semester-long research project in HSCI 2109 is about the advent and use of a very interesting innovation in health care: the Personal Health Record). This presentation is a mid-semester check-in with my fellow students to educate them about some key definitions, stakeholders, barriers, and recommendations I have gathered around system development and implementation of PHRs.
This is a topic I am very interested and invested in so I would be happy to discuss it with anyone who is interested!
Big data is more than just a buzzword in healthcare. It's the promise of being able to extract, cull, and interpret medical data to directly benefit population and individual health. learn more about the benefits of big data, roadblocks to leveraging it's potential, how Meaningful Use enablesbig data, what types of cross-country collaboration projects are advancing the use of big data on an international scale, big data's impact on patient privacy and much more! Special thanks to Mandi Bishop for her time on the podcast.
This presentation talks about the context of developing the Electronic Health records for India. the guidelines as mentioned in the GOI site is described vividly with examples, for better understanding.
N.B: Please download the ppt first, for the animations to work better.
> Definition of RWD
> RWD - Big Data Characteristics
> Sources of RWD
> Important Stakeholders
> Benefits of RWD
> Why Data Sharing is Important?
> Benefits of Data Sharing
> Who Benefits?
> Ultimate Goals
> Case Studies
> Challenges
> Data Privacy Scenario
> Data Security in India
> Regulatory Perspectives Around RWD
> How to Encourage Data Sharing?
Presentation by Megan Douglas, JD for the Third Annual Policy Prescriptions® Symposium
She is the associate director of Health Information Technology Policy in the National Center for Primary Care at Morehouse School of Medicine.
The symposium is designed for clinicians, healthcare workers, and healthcare executives interested in exploring the major themes that will emerge in health policy throughout the year. This year, the symposium will emphasize value in healthcare, health information technology, gun violence, insurance choices, the Affordable Care Act, and the viewpoints of the Presidential candidates on health care.
Slide Presentation for the Week10 Activity of HI 201. Some of the pictures used in the presentation are from http://all-free-download.com/free-photos/.
Delivered by Craig Brammer at CITIH 2011. Focus on discussion of regional and national initiatives and opportunities for regional partners to leverage them for driving healthcare improvements, public health and research.
This session will provide a broad perspective on the many initiatives related to HIT. Experts from the regional and national level will discuss data models, privacy concerns and adoption strategies from their different perspectives. Also addressed will be planning for NHIN direct adoption as a complimentary strategic to full HIEs.
Dealing With Payers With Physician Driven Cost AndWilliam Cockrell
This is a presentation I just did for MGMA Alabama on how providers should develop their own cost and quality data. Thanks to RealTime Medical Data for their support.
FTC Spring Privacy Series: Consumer Generated and Controlled Health DataBrian Ahier
Increasingly, consumers are taking a more active role in managing and generating their own health data. For example, consumers are researching their health conditions and diagnosing themselves online. Consumers are also uploading their information into personal health records and apps that allow them to manage and analyze their data, and utilizing connected health and fitness devices that regularly collect information about them and transmit this information to other entities.
The movement of health data outside the traditional medical provider context has many potential benefits; however, it also raises potential privacy concerns. The seminar will address questions such as:
What types of websites, products, and services are consumers using to generate and control their health data, and how are consumers using them?
Who are the companies behind these websites, products, and services, what are their business models, and what does the current marketplace look like?
How can consumers benefit from these companies’ websites, products, and services?
What actions are these companies taking to protect consumers’ privacy and security?
What do consumers expect from these companies regarding privacy and security protections?
Do consumers differentiate between these companies and those that offer traditional medical products and services that are covered by HIPAA?
What restrictions, if any, do advertising networks and others impose on tracking of health data?
Innovations and Trends in Health Care: The Advent and Use of Personal Health ...Mark Silverberg
My semester-long research project in HSCI 2109 is about the advent and use of a very interesting innovation in health care: the Personal Health Record). This presentation is a mid-semester check-in with my fellow students to educate them about some key definitions, stakeholders, barriers, and recommendations I have gathered around system development and implementation of PHRs.
This is a topic I am very interested and invested in so I would be happy to discuss it with anyone who is interested!
Big data is more than just a buzzword in healthcare. It's the promise of being able to extract, cull, and interpret medical data to directly benefit population and individual health. learn more about the benefits of big data, roadblocks to leveraging it's potential, how Meaningful Use enablesbig data, what types of cross-country collaboration projects are advancing the use of big data on an international scale, big data's impact on patient privacy and much more! Special thanks to Mandi Bishop for her time on the podcast.
This presentation talks about the context of developing the Electronic Health records for India. the guidelines as mentioned in the GOI site is described vividly with examples, for better understanding.
N.B: Please download the ppt first, for the animations to work better.
> Definition of RWD
> RWD - Big Data Characteristics
> Sources of RWD
> Important Stakeholders
> Benefits of RWD
> Why Data Sharing is Important?
> Benefits of Data Sharing
> Who Benefits?
> Ultimate Goals
> Case Studies
> Challenges
> Data Privacy Scenario
> Data Security in India
> Regulatory Perspectives Around RWD
> How to Encourage Data Sharing?
Ensuring Data IntegrityIn Health Information ExchangeTanaMaeskm
Ensuring Data Integrity
In Health Information Exchange
Inaccurate health information may adversely affect the quality of an individual’s
healthcare, insurance, and employability. As computerization of health information
continues and the scope of organizational exchange of health information widens into
health information exchanges (HIEs), maintaining the integrity and completeness of
health data is paramount.
The overarching goal of HIEs is to allow authorized users to quickly and accurately
exchange health information to enhance patient safety and improve efficiency.
Achieving this goal is dependent on the ability to link (match) multiple, disparate
records relating to a single individual.
A 2008 RAND report, “Identity Crisis: An Examination of the Costs and Benefits of a
Unique Patient Identifier for the US Health Care System,” noted that avoiding adverse
drug events, which are often the result of incomplete linking information about a
patient’s medications or allergies, could save the healthcare system in the US about
$4.5 billion per year.1 This report also points out that on average an 8 percent duplicate
record rate existed in the master patient index (MPI) databases studied. The average
duplicate record rate increased to 9.4 percent in MPI databases with more than 1 million
records. Additionally, the report identified that the duplicate record rates of the enterprise
master patient/person index (EMPI) databases studied were as high as 39.1 percent.
High duplicate record rates within EMPI databases are commonly the result of loading
unresolved duplicate records from contributing MPI files. EMPI systems that leverage
advanced matching algorithms are designed to automatically link records from multiple
systems if there is only one existing viable matching record. If the EMPI system identifies
two or more viable matching records when loading a patient record, as is the case when
the EMPI contains unresolved duplicate record sets, it must create a new patient record
and flag it as an unresolved duplicate record set to be manually reviewed and resolved.
Therefore, if care is not taken to resolve the existing EMPI duplicate records, the duplicate
rate in an EMPI can significantly grow as additional MPI files are added.
Patient identity integrity is the accuracy, quality, and completeness of demographic data
attached to or associated with an individual patient. This includes the accuracy and
quality of the data as it relates to the individual, as well as the correctness of the linking
or matching of all existing records for that individual within and across information
AHIMA HIE Practice Council Contributors:
Linda Bailey-Woods, RHIA, CPHIMS; Teresa
M. Hall, MHA, RHIT, CPC; Aviva M. Halpert,
RHIA, MA, CHPS; Steven Kotyk ; Shirley Neal,
RHIT; Letha Stewart, MA, RHIA; and Susan O.
Torzewski, RHIA
Editor: Anne Zender, MA
Design: Candy Ramos
Representing more than 64,000 specially
educated health information management
professi ...
Running Head THE HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE (HIE) IN U.S 1.docxtodd521
Running Head: THE HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE (HIE) IN U.S 1
THE HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE (HIE) IN U.S 9
The Health Information Exchange (HIE) in U.S
Yehyun Park
Purdue University
01/02/2019
The impetus of Health Information Exchange in U.S
Health Information Exchange (HIE) is an information system that promotes a secure sharing of critical information as well the inclusive access critical medical information about a patient electronically (Abdelhak et al, 2014). One merit of the use of such electronic systems in the U.S is that they occur in different verities. The HIE also offer different types of services. Evidently, a recent development has enabled the HIE systems to promote the Marketplace and regional institutional services concerning the health sector. The merit of HIE applications included the improvement of speed, Quality, safety and reduced relative prices of charge per patient for care. This is made possible by the quick sharing of critical information among the doctors, pharmacists, nurses among all the relevant health personnel. The HGIE systems are such that, they are technically enabled to provide quick response to information demand with the relevant urgency and thus aids in the making of vital patient’s data and medical progress devoid of medical errors, readmissions, and duplicate testing. The resulting system has a generally improved diagnosis.
HIE enables three line of services in general: directed exchange, Query-based Exchange a consumer-mediated exchange services. Direct Exchange is the sending or receiving data electronically in the aid of coordination by caregivers. Whenever heath care provider wants to consult with other providers about a planned care, they employ the Query-based exchange while consumer-mediated Exchange enables patients to manage through control of the use of their personal information (Abdelhak et al, 2014). The availability of the three forms of health information Exchange makes the strong point of HIE since their integration in use is guided by some predetermined policies, technology, principles, and policies provision which have already been piloted before. The three forms are completely available throughout. With the Consumer-mediated Exchange system, the patient can be able to monitor the use of his personal medical information by their care provider. The patients can make a participation in their care enhancing through providing alternative providers with their heath condition, describe their heath information give the health missing or incorrect information, track and manage their own health.
Describe basic HIE organizational structures, architectures, and services
The commonly known architecture types of HIE includes the centralized hybrid and the federated models of HIE. The centralized HIE model is enabled with one Clinical Data Repository (CDR). The CDR is managed by HIE authority that is under the governance of the representatives from the relevant hospitals (Abdelhak .
Robust patient privacy and security protection are essential to build and maintain a necessary level of trust among patients, providers, health plans and other stakeholders.
64 journal of law, medicine & ethicsDreams and Nightmare.docxevonnehoggarth79783
64 journal of law, medicine & ethics
Dreams and
Nightmares:
Practical and
Ethical Issues
for Patients and
Physicians Using
Personal Health
Records
Matthew Wynia and Kyle Dunn
Introduction and Definitions
The term “Electronic Health Records” (EHR) means
something different to each of the stakeholders in
health care, but it always seems to carry a degree of
emotional baggage. Increasingly, EHRs are advert-
ized as a nearly unmitigated good that will transform
medical care, improve safety and efficiency, allow
better patient engagement, and open the door to an
era of cheap, effective, timely, and patient-centered
care.1 Indeed, for some EHR proponents the ben-
efits of adopting them are so obvious that adoption
has become an end in itself.2 But for others — and
especially for a number of skeptical practitioners and
patients — EHR is a code word that portends the cor-
porate transformation of health care delivery, the loss
of patient privacy, the demand that patients bear more
responsibility in health care, and the unreflective take-
over of the health care system by people who do not
understand medical care or how health care relation-
ships unfold.3
For our purposes, we will consider EHRs impar-
tially, as a set of tools that can be used for a variety of
purposes. We define EHRs broadly as any electronic
means of storing and transferring health-related
information. We exclude from this definition the use
of the telephone and fax, arguably precursors to the
electronic means of data exchange now available. Like
face-to-face and paper-based interactions, the tele-
phone and fax are generally limited to two people.
Breaches of phone line security, while possible and
perhaps even frequent, are unlikely to affect thou-
sands of people at once.
In this paper, we examine the development of a new
set of EHR tools, Personal Health Records (PHRs).
PHRs may be variously defined (Table I) and have sev-
eral potential functional and payment models (Table
II), but the general aim of all PHRs is to increase
patients’ access to and sense of ownership over their
health care information. According to the Markle
Foundation, the advent of PHRs “represents a transi-
tion from a patient record that is physician-centered
to one that is patient-centered, prospective, interac-
Matthew Wynia, M.D., M.P.H., is the Director of the In-
stitute for Ethics at the American Medical Association and a
Clinical Assistant Professor at the University of Chicago. He
received his M.D. from the Oregon Health and Science Univer-
sity in Portland, Oregon and his M.P.H. from Harvard Uni-
versity School of Public Health in Boston, MA. Kyle Dunn,
M.H.S., was a Research Assistant at the Institute for Ethics
at the American Medical Association and is now a Ph.D. can-
didate in the Department of Health Policy and Management
at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He
received a B.S. in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Bi-
ology .
HIMSS15: Trust in Regional Exchange Supports Patient-Centered ResearchIBM Analytics
Thomas F. Check, MA, and Lorraine M. Fernandes, RHIA, gave this presentation at HIMSS15. Inside you will find info on a number of learning objectives including:
1.Explain how HIE patient-matching technology supports the innovative research infrastructure of NYC-CDRN.
2.Identify privacy issues addressed by HIE participants including how the NYC-CDRN infrastructure supports patient privacy.
3.Describe how consumer, patient consent and other concerns of community stakeholders are addressed.
4.Discuss the value of re-using data from Healthix and the Bronx RHIO including costs and technology infrastructure.
5.Illustrate the information data model’s use within NYC-CDRN and its connection to the PCORnet.
Follow @IBM Healthcare on Twitter: https://twitter.com/IBMHealthcare
Chapter 6 Health Information ExchangeRobert Hoyt MDWilliam .docxrobertad6
Chapter 6: Health Information Exchange
Robert Hoyt MD
William Hersh MD
After viewing the presentation, viewers should be able to:
Identify the need for and benefits of health information exchange (HIE) and interoperability
List healthcare data that should be shared
Enumerate HIE challenges and barriers
Describe several organizations known as Health Information Organizations (HIOs)
Summarize the newest HIE models
Learning Objectives
Health Information Exchange (HIE) is the “electronic movement of health-related information among organizations according to nationally recognized standards”
Health Information Organization (HIO) is “an organization that oversees and governs the exchange of health-related information among organizations according to nationally recognized standards”
Important Definitions
Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO) is “a health information organization that brings together health care stakeholders within a defined geographic area and governs health information exchange among them for the purpose of improving health and care in that community.”
Interoperability is defined as “the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged”. This implies that the data is computable and that standards exist that permit interoperability
Important Definitions
Foundational: refers to the technology or platform used to exchange information
Syntactic: means messages have a structure and syntax that is understandable. Uses XML and HL7 standards
Semantic: terminology and coding must be the same for the sending and receiving organizations
Interoperability Levels
Exchange (sharing) of health information is vital for healthcare reform at the local, state and national level
The next two slides will demonstrate the types of healthcare data that should be shared
If electronic health records don’t share data, then we have moved from paper siloes of information to electronic siloes; not the goal of anyone
HIE is part of the Meaningful Use program, discussed in the module on electronic health records
Introduction
Clinical results: Lab, pathology, medication , allergies, immunizations and microbiology data
Images: Actual images and radiology reports
Documents: Office notes, discharge notes and emergency room notes
Clinical summaries: Continuity of Care Documents (CCDs); XML-based documents that standardize and summarize care
Financial information: Claims data and eligibility checks
Medication data: Electronic prescriptions, formulary status, and prescription history
Healthcare Data Potentially Shared
Performance data: Quality measures like blood pressure or diabetes control, cholesterol levels, etc.
Case management: Management of the underserved and emergency room utilization
Public health data: Infectious diseases outbreak data, immunization records
Referral management: Management of re.
Note This assignment is for academic research pro only Thank y.docxgabriellabre8fr
Note: This assignment is for
academic research pro
only Thank you.
Due by 8 Jul @ 8 am
Please address a brief 1 page discussion citing the references below including references page in APA format.
Note: Please address it from a nursing view
Patient-Centered Care
When electronic health records (EHRs) first entered the market, their primary focus was to collect and analyze patient information within health care settings. As technological capabilities grew, so did the interest in making these records available to patients. In addition, many health care professionals saw benefits in allowing the patient to enter his or her own health data into EHR platforms. Though many patients are already utilizing personal health records (PHRs) to manage and track their own health, some believe that an integrated system would provide a better, more comprehensive picture of a patient’s health history.
As a result, many EHR platforms are now equipped with a PHR tool. This PHR tool allows patients to enter health information as they would in a stand-alone PHR system. In addition, web-based portals within the EHR allow patients to access information entered by their physicians and health care providers.
Like many emerging trends and technologies, there is much discussion about the potential benefits and challenges of this type of integrated system. While many health care professionals are excited about the empowerment provided to patients, others express significant concerns about access, security, ethics, and other implications.
In this Discussion, you explore how integrating PHRs into EHR platforms could impact you and your patients.
To prepare
:
·
Review the media
Patient-Centered Technologies
, and reflect upon Dr. Simpson’
s
statements about the ownership of patient data.
SEE ATTACHMENT
·
Review the article, “Dreams and Nightmares: Practice and Ethical Issues for Patients and Physicians Using Personal Health Records” found in this week’s Learning Resources. Consider how PHR capabilities can be integrated into EHR platforms.
·
Examine the “dreams” and the “nightmares” the authors associate with this type of integrated health record. Select one benefit or one challenge of integrating PHRs into EHR platforms. Then, consider its potential impact on health care providers and patients. Why is this considered to be a benefit or challenge for health care professionals and patients?
References
Crilly, J. F., Keefe, R. H., & Volpe, F. (2011). Use of electronic technologies to promote community and personal health for individuals unconnected to health care systems.
American Journal of Public Health
,
101
(7), 1163–1167.
The authors of this article describe technologies that have been used to increase access to health care for underserved populations. The authors present strategies, benefits, and challenges of addressing this issue, and they provide examples of successful programs.
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012f).
Electroni.
76 CHAPTER 4 Assessing Health and Health Behaviors Objecti.docxpriestmanmable
76
CHAPTER 4
Assessing Health and Health Behaviors
Objectives
this chapter will enable the reader to:
1. Describe the expected outcomes of a nursing health assessment.
2. Identify the components of a nursing health assessment conducted for an individual client.
3. Examine life span, language, and culturally appropriate nursing health assessment tools for children, adults, and older adults.
4. Compare the similarities and differences among the various approaches to assessing the family, mindful of cultural influences.
5. Evaluate the criteria for conducting a screening in the community.
6. Compare the similarities and differences among the various approaches to assessing
the community.
Athorough assessment of health and health behaviors is the foundation for tailoring a health promotion-prevention plan. Assessment provides the database for making clinical judgments about the client’s health strengths, health problems, nursing diagnoses, desired health or behavioral outcomes, as well as the interventions likely to be effective. This information also forms the nature of the client–nurse partnership such as the frequency of con- tact and the need for coordination with other health professionals. The portfolio of assessment measures depends on the characteristics of the client, including developmental stage and cul- tural orientation. The nurse assesses age, language, and cultural appropriateness of the various measures selected.
Cultural competence is the ability to communicate effectively with people of different cultures. Providing culturally competent care is the cornerstone of the nursing assessment. The nurse’s aware- ness of her own attitude toward cultural differences and her cultural worldview and characteristics
Chapter4 • AssessingHealthandHealthBehaviors 77
are critical to her understanding and knowledge of various cultures. Recognizing that diversity exists in all cultures based on educational level, socioeconomic status, religion, rural/urban residence, and individual and family characteristics will ensure a more successful encounter (The Office of Minority Health, 2013). An online cultural educational program, designed specifically for nurses and featur- ing videotaped case studies and interactive tools, is available.
The Enhanced National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services, based on a definition of culture expanded to include geography, spirituality, language, race and ethnicity, and biology, provides a practical guide to culturally and linguistically sensitive care (The Office of Minority Health, 2013).
Technology is having a significant impact on health care. The Electronic Health Record (EHR) promotes involvement of the client in developing a dynamic, tailored database. The EHR offers great promise to improve health and increase the client’s satisfaction with his care. Data aggregation, cross-continuum coordination, and clinical care plan management are critical com- ponents of the.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.