Histrionic Personality Disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder
Running Head: HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
Abstract
This paper describes the characteristics, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of an individual with
Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). These individuals display a pervasive pattern of excessive
emotionality and attention–seeking behavior. The exact cause of this disorder is not known, but it
has been linked to learned and inherited behavior. Diagnosing HPD can be difficult because it is
similar to other personality disorders. Part of the focus of treatment is to help the individual uncover
the motivations and fears associated with their thoughts and behavior. ... Show more content on
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The exact cause of histrionic personality disorder is not known, but many mental health
professionals believe that both learned and inherited factors play a role in its development. For
example, the tendency for histrionic personality disorder to run in families suggests that a genetic
susceptibility for the disorder might be inherited. However, the child of a parent with this disorder
might simply be repeating learned behavior. Other environmental factors that might be involved
include lack of criticism or punishment as a child, positive reinforcement that is given only when a
child completes certain approved behaviors, and unpredictable attention given to a child by his or
her parents, all leading to confusion about what types of behavior earn parental approval. The
diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder is complicated because it may seem like many other
disorders, and also because it commonly occurs simultaneously with other personality disorders.
The diagnosis of HPD is frequently made on the basis of an individual's history and results from a
psychological evaluation. The DSM, a widely used manual for diagnosing mental disorders, requires
that five (or more) criteria be met for a diagnosis of HPD. A mnemonic that can be used to
remember the criteria for histrionic personality
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Overview Of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder is a mental illness in which an individual's thought process and
behavior is dysfunctional and destructive. Many of the individuals show patterns of manipulation,
lack of empathy, and participate in criminal and violent behavior, which result in criminal
backgrounds. One important aspect of this disorder is that it does not just develop one day; an
individual must have shown symptoms and been diagnosed with a disorder called Conduct Disorder
before the age of 15.
According to the Health Research Funding Organization, Antisocial Personality Disorder affects
approximately 3 percent of adult males and 1 percent of adult females that is a little over 3.6 percent
of adults, equaling approximately 7.6 million people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They feel as though they are more important than anyone around them and lack empathy toward
others. Individuals with this disorder exaggerate about their life and their achievements. Narcissistic
Personality Disorder is diagnosed based off an individual's symptoms, a clinical evaluation, and a
physical exam. Some symptoms of Narcissistic Personality Disorder are similar to those of other
personality disorders, such as Antisocial Personality Disorder and the lack of empathy. Another
thing that these two disorders have in common is that the cause is unknown, but believed to be
caused by childhood abuse, neglect, poor parenting, and possibly a link with

Borderline Personality Disorder And Personality Disorders
Borderline Personality Disorder
Emani J. Mills
Psychology of Personality
Catinia Farrington
INTRODUCTION
"Personality disorders have been documented in approximately 9 percent of the general U.S.
population" (Angstman, Rasmussen, 2011). Emotional dysregulation disorder or its common name
borderline personality disorder is a very serious and chronic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM–IV) describes borderline personality disorder as
"a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self–image, and affects, and marked
impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts" (Gardner, 2006).
Within the last 20 years, psychologists and other mental health professionals have made tremendous
strides in research on what exactly borderline personality disorder, some of its triggers and possible
effective treatment options. Borderline personality disorder is defined as a disorder that generates
severe emotional instability which can be a springboard that can lead to other stress induced mental
and behavioral problems.
HOW IS BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSED?
Personality disorders is an umbrella term. There are a variety of personality disorders, and each
disorder has its own unique identifier that makes them different from other personality disorders.
Because each personality disorder differs from the next, these disorders are separated and is
categorized by

Paranoid Personality Disorder Cluster
PERSONALITY DISORDERS: CLUSTER A
Question: Choose one of the clusters of personality disorders as categorised by the DSM–5.
Describe, compare and contrast at least two personality disorders from this cluster in terms of their
symptomology, diagnosis, treatment and other factors.
A personality disorder is defined as 'an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that
deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture as manifested in two (or more) of
the following areas; cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control'
(Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). There are three categories that
personality disorders are split into. Cluster A – Odd or eccentric behaviour, cluster ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Individual therapy, including dynamic therapy which focuses on intensive– exploratory and
transference focus psychotherapies, cognitive behavioural therapy and supportive therapy which
focuses on encouragement and adaptive skills. (Gabbard, 2004) ScPD can also gain from group
therapy although mistrust may interfere it can help in breaking down barriers o thoughts in that
individuals head that people won't like them in order to help them achieve a realistic sense of self.
Also useful is family therapy in order to gain understanding of the disorder and get the support of
the family, rather than them not understand and make ScPD worse. ScPD is the only disorder in this
cluster which has medication, although highly diverse and no unitary prescription they do tend to
benefit from antipsychotic

Borderline personality disorder forms part of the cluster B personality disorders and it is usually
more prolific in females than males. It two percent prevalence and Borderline personality disorder
(BPD) is defined as a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self–image and
emotions. Initially ( BPD) was thought to occupy the "border" between neurotic and psychotic
disorders. However, this sense of the term borderline became identified with schizotypal personality,
which is biologically related to schizophrenia.
People with borderline personality disorder are also usually very impulsive, oftentimes
demonstrating self–injurious behaviors. These individuals are very sensitive to environmental
circumstances. The perception

Naricissistic Personality Disorder
Michael is a 38 year–old entertainment lawyer; his boss referred him for treatment services. Michael
is a married man without a sex life; he feels that sex is for simple individuals as it is ordinary and
below him, he has better usages of his narrow time. He is mindful of his own mortality and sense of
his scholarly heritage. He states, many women who conveyed their endless adoration for him and of
having had a few who stalked him for years. Michael has three children, but the connection with his
household is stressed. He articulates being distressed with his wife for how his youngsters have
turned out. "They are all just so average," he says nearly mockingly. Michael is a tall, stylishly
dressed man; his presence is withdrawn, but charming. Michael has disputes with individuals who
he senses are not as gifted as him. He has difficulty communicating with many co–workers, he feels
they are "just the help", and they are looked down upon. Michael assumes a superior, cynical, and
perplexed manner toward the therapist and the process of evaluation. He carries a sense of power
and control over the assessment. His wife described Michael as a man who portrays many gifts and
a good provider for their family. Michael exhibits Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
tendencies. His wife mentions he has certain rituals that must be done, for example, he has a daily
food routine that, when changed, this transports distress to their lives. While going to elementary
school, he seemed

Borderline Personality Disorder Essay
According to the DSM–5, Personality Disorders are characterized by "impairments in personality
functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits". Borderline Personality Disorder is
one of ten personality disorders listed in the DSM–5. The DSM–5 lists several criteria that must be
met in order for someone to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. They are quoted as
follows:
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects about 4% of the general population, and at least 20%
of the clinical psychiatric population. (Kernberg and Michels, 2009) In the clinical psychiatric
population, about 75% of those with the disorder are women. BPD is also significantly heritable,
with 42–68% of the variance associated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The next morning, MMM was introduced to her inpatient Psychiatrist. MM mentioned to her
Psychiatrist that she had battled symptoms of depression throughout high school and had thoughts of
harming herself, especially after a relationship would end. The ending of a relationship would be
followed by feelings of abandonment, like the feelings she had as a child when her father left. She
also expressed to her Psychiatrist that she felt that she was not loveable and that she would be alone
the rest of her life. She expressed resentment towards her father for leaving, and towards her mother
for making him leave. She even expressed resentment towards her ex–boyfriend, whom the recent
suicide attempt was over, but stated that she would take him back in a heartbeat. In fact, she stated
that she hated him, but couldn't live without him. The Psychiatrist listened to MMM carefully, and
diagnosed her with Borderline Personality Disorder. He recognized the common statement made by
those with Borderline: "I hate you, please don't leave me". MMM was released after 72 hours into
an outpatient program where she was assigned to a group therapy circle for those suffering from
Borderline Personality Disorder. She also signed up for individual therapy with a therapist on–
campus specializing in the treatment of Personality Disorders. It is up to MMM to follow–up with
her treatment plan. Because her suicide attempt occurred on campus, the Dean of Students

Borderline Personality Disorder Analysis
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), according to the 5th
edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is an axis II disorder under
cluster B of the personality disorder diagnoses. Personality disorders and intellectual disabilities
considered to be long–term issues are classified under axis II. The dramatic, emotional, or erratic
personality disorders are grouped under cluster B. According to the American Psychiatric
Association (2013), BPD is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self–image, and
affects, and marked impulsivity. In other words, when an individual's behavior, relationships, and
emotions are consistently unstable, they exhibit characteristics ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM–5). American Psychiatric Pub.
Krause, E. D., Kaltman, S., Goodman, L. A., & Dutton, M. A. (2008). Avoidant coping and PTSD
symptoms related to domestic violence exposure: A longitudinal study. Journal of traumatic stress,
21(1), 83–90.
Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M. (2004). Borderline personality
disorder. The Lancet, 364(9432), 453–461.
MacIntosh, H. B., Godbout, N., & Dubash, N. (2015). Borderline personality disorder: Disorder of
trauma or personality, a review of the empirical literature. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie
canadienne, 56(2), 227.
Weiss, R. (2014, December). Complex Trauma & Intimacy Avoidance. Counselor, 34–39.
Zlotnick, C., Johnson, D. M., Yen, S., Battle, C. L., Sanislow, C. A., Skodol, A. E., ... & Zanarini, M.
C. (2003). Clinical features and impairment in women with borderline personality disorder (BPD)
with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), BPD without PTSD, and other personality disorders with
PTSD. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 191(11),

Psychology : Borderline Personality Disorder
Running head: Borderline Personality Disorder
The Study of Borderline Personality Disorder
Olivia Wright
Blue Ridge Community College Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) falls into cluster b category which is characterized as
dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders. People with borderline personality disorder are
characterized by their volatile and unstable relationships; they tend to have persistent problems in
early adulthood, with frequent hospitalization, unstable personal relationships, severe depression,
and suicidal gestures. They tend to have turbulent relationships, fearing abandonment but lacking
control over their emotions. The Study of Borderline Personality Disorder
When it comes to our mood and behaviors we can all agree that they sometimes aren't the most
consistent things. However for some people our inconsistent moods and behaviors take on a whole
new extreme. Personality disorders affect as many as 1 in 10 people in the United States controlling
their daily lives and causing them great distress. We will first get a general view on what personality
disorders are then drive deeper into one of the disorders, BPD or borderline personality disorder.
Overview of Personality Disorders
Personality is all the characteristic ways that made up a person including the ways we behave and
think. However, when it comes to these characteristics interfering with our daily relationships, cause
distress to ourselves and others, or in general disrupt

Borderline Personality Disorder And Personality Disorders
Introduction
Amad, Ramoz, Thomas, Jardri and Gorwood questioned if borderline personality disorder runs in
families through genetics. Although not stated borderline personality disorder was first diagnosed as
an illness in 1980. Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disability that causes
someone to experience unstable moods and occasionally have psychotic episodes. Gene–
environment interaction which is when 2 different genotypes respond to different environmental
variation in different ways. Plasticity genes which is the ability of an organism to change its
phenotype in response to changes in the environment. A phenotype is a set of observable characters
of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. A genotype is
the genetic makeup of an organism. Polymorphism is another term used which is the presences of
genetic variation within a population, upon which natural selection can operate. Many studies
performed on this subject which were often cited and compared with Amad's et al. study.
Method
Amad et al. used quantitative research by analyzing data to figure percentages and likely hood of
borderline personality disorder running in families. Amad et al. choose patients 18 years or older
with borderline personality disorder, the diagnostics were made according to the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual criteria. Meta–analyses, a method for combining study data from multiple studies,
was performed if two or more studies

Personality Of Personality Disorders And The Wpa Section...
Personality disorder has being and issue among therapist and psychiatrist. Also Personality disorder
is presently being acknowledged as an essential condition in standard psychiatry over the world. In
spite of the fact that it regularly stays unrecognized in customary practice, research studies have
demonstrated that it is familiar, makes significant bleakness, is connected with high expenses to
administrations and to society, and meddles, generally adversely, with advancement in the treatment
of other mental issue. We now have prove that personality issue, as of now arranged, influences
around six percent of the world populace, and the contrasts between nations demonstrate no
predictable variety. We are likewise getting expanding proof that a few medicines, for the most part
mental, are of quality in this gathering of clutters. What is currently required is another
characterization that is of more noteworthy worth to clinicians, and the WPA Section on Personality
Disorders is at present undertaking this mission. Most Korean psychiatric experts are acquainted
with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) characterization system.
Although the International Classification of Disease (ICD) is the world order, and subsequently
overshadows different groupings, the greater part of the progressions made in the grouping of
identity issue in the most recent 30 years have been an immediate result of the presentation of the
third amendment of (DSM–III) in

Personality Disorder In Shakespeare's Othello
Gabby Mellen
Mrs.Long–Goldburg
English 2 honors
29 October, 2017
Othello Essay
Occasionally, individuals may suspect that they are being lied to, or that another individual is using
them, but for a person with paranoid personality disorder, these suspicions are extreme and
continuous. In Shakespeare's tragedy Othello, the titular character experiences severe doubts about
his wife, Desdemona, distrusts what others are telling him, is quick to jump to conclusions, and is
easily angered. In order to be properly diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder, the patient
must meet at least four out of the nine criteria and characteristics of the illness. By modern day
standards, Othello would be diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder because he meets five of
the nine traits such as, believing that friends or associates are unloyal to him, concluding that others
wish to deceive him, reading into innocent remarks as threatening, questioning the loyalty of his
spouse, and being quick to let anger surface.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and Psychology Today, an
individual with this disorder has a significant feeling of distrust and "unjustified" suspicions and
often " misinterprets" one's true meaning as malevolent. Since people with paranoid personality
disorder frequently have these misinterpretations, they are often not very trusting or communicative
people. Considering that they would not be social, they would have trouble confiding in

Characteristics Of A Personality Disorder
Psychopathy is condition in which an individual has a wide array of negative personality traits. The
trait that stands out the most is that they enjoy the suffering of others, as well as compulsively, and
very skillfully, lying to others. Also, their sense of superficial charm causes people to gravitate
toward them. Psychopaths are also known for their lack of general remorse and empathy for any
wrongdoings they may commit. They are known to deny responsibility for actions they commit, as
well as maintaining a parasitic lifestyle; figuratively speaking they feed off of those around them
that can contribute to their desires. This condition, while it may seem like it is extremely rare, this is
only due to the fact that these people are very good at blending in with normal people, making it
hard to judge who is truly a psychopath. "Narcissistic personality disorder differs from psychopaths;
however, there are also some similarities" (Hare). One of these similarities is the lack of empathy
that they feel for negative actions they commit. The difference is that they feel the need to be the
center of attention, like they are the most important people among their family and friends. They
have negative attitudes toward those they feel are beneath them. People who suffer from narcissistic
personality disorder are often referred to as narcissists, or are known to suffer from narcissism.
These people are arrogant and often times, straight up snobbish to those they see as less

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is defined as a mental disorder in which an individual has a
"pervasive pattern of grandiosity . . . lack of empathy, [is] self–centered and require the admiration
of others" (Lyons, C., & Martin, B., 2014, pg. 206). Although Narcissism has it own symptoms, it
has similarities with other disorders such as disregard of others, instability in relationships, tend to
be emotional and attention seeking, and exaggerate self–importance. Though the exact cause of this
personality disorder is unknown, there have been numerous speculations and theories. What is
known however, is that an individual that is of Narcissistic Personality Disorder usually displays
these characteristics "by early adulthood and present ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While most people would clearly be aware of the fact that they have to wait in line (as most
individuals do) in order to pay for their items and be on their way, a narcissists would disagree. This
is because Narcissist as talked about the "Abnormal Psychology" book, " . . . do not care to wait in
line or take their turn: they expect special privileges because of their obvious superiority to others"
(Lyons, C., & Martin, B., 2014, pg. 206). They believe and view themselves as "priority" regardless
of their location or circumstance. In their minds limits, exclusions, the word no, or off limits does
not apply to them simply because of their apparent "superiority" to others. Due to these beliefs, they
" . . . are condescending and haughtily in attitude and behavior."(206) towards anyone who crosses
their path. This too applies to their relationships, whether family, social, or acquaintance. Narcissist
view others as means to their ends, because of their perspective they do not feel empathy and use
others for their own gains. Which is why often times, they will surround themselves with individuals
that will feed their ego due to that, they always want, look for, and expect to receive compliments
from others. However, if they do not receive the attention or compliments expected, this will further
encourage their Narcissistic ways in order to protect the well being of their ego and avoid

Narcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Background
Narcissism can be defined as " a mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own
importance, a deep need for admiration and a lack of empathy for others. But behind this mask of
ultra confidence lies a fragile self–esteem that 's vulnerable to the slightest criticism" (Narcissistic
personality disorder, n.d.). With this disorder people generally are unhappy and disappointed when
they are not privileged to special favors or given admiration they believe they deserve. With
narcissistic personality disorder problems in many areas of life can arise such as work, school,
financial affairs, and relationships.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are based on nine criteria from the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition. The criteria includes "a grandiose sense of self–
importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal
love, believes that he or she is "special and unique and can only be understood by, or should
associate with , other special or high–status people", requires excessive admiration, has a sense of
entitlement, is interpersonally exploitative, lacks empathy, is often envious of others or believes that
others are envious of him or her, shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitude" (Narcissistic
personality disorder, n.d.). When looking for signs and symptoms for this disorder, only five of the
nine

Personality Theories Of Personality Disorders
There are many different theories of personality which scientists have developed in order to help
explain how people think, feel, and behave. The trait theory of personality is one that attempts to
explain personality by identifying patterns of behavior that include relatively stable characteristics
which in turn causes individuals to consistently behave in particular ways (Funder, 2015). While
personality may change due to different situations or states, the trait theory proposes that overall
personality characteristics are relatively constant and result in a person reliably acting a certain way.
These characteristics, or traits, which remain relatively constant throughout one's life are essential
components of one's personality (McLeod, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are key differences in each of the clusters of personality disorders. Cluster A has common
features of social awkwardness and socially withdrawing from people, leaving them to often times
spend time alone. People diagnosed with these disorders often have distorted thinking which in turn
leads them to have a hard time trusting others leading to social detachment and discomfort in
settings that require them to be social. Cluster B has common features relating to issues with
controlling impulses and regulating emotions. People diagnosed with these disorders often act
impulsively putting themselves at risk for harm and have trouble regulating their emotions and often
don't feel and remorse for their actions. Cluster C has common features in relation to increased
levels of anxiety. Anxiety in this category can relate to social anxiety, fear of losing others, and
anxiety related to orderliness and following rules.
Personality disorders differ from other mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and
bipolar disorders because of the defining features. Disorders like major depressive disorder, bipolar
disorder, and schizophrenia are mood disorders relating to how an individual thinks and feels,
whereas disorders like borderline, paranoid, and narcissistic personality disorder are personality
disorders relating to a person's personality and how they act. Individuals with mood disorders have
extremes

The Personality Of A Personality Disorder
During many years and even today, society has wonder about some of the personality disorders.
Every time they hear about those disorders people tend to think that there is murder and abuse
involve and that those people are dangerous to society. Since people lack knowledge about the
different types of personality disorders, they tend to lack the ability to deal with those type of
people. There has always been questions about the symptoms, causes, treatment and involvement in
society that involve the Antisocial, Anxiety and Narcissist disorders. We hear about these disorders
everywhere, in media and in everyday life. However, we do not completely understand these
disorders to the extent to know what kind of people live around us.
First of all, the antisocial personality disorder is one of the most common disorder that many people
have the least knowledge. Another name to the antisocial personality disorder is Sociopath. Since
this disorder is antisocial, the symptoms that involve this disorder reflect some lack of involvement
in society. "Disregard of right and wrong" is one of the symptoms that involve the lack of
involvement in society. Since an antisocial does not acknowledges between right and wrong, the
involvement in criminal activity is common. These people can also be "persistent lying or deceit to
exploit others, being callous, cynical and disrespectful of others, using charm or wit to manipulate
others for personal gain or personal pleasure, arrogance, a sense of

Narcissist Personality Disorder
Narcissism is a disorder which summed up is just only caring about yourself, but i'm not able to just
sum it up like that am I :) . It is a personality disorder that leads you to be more interested into
oneself then the surrounding people or anyone for that matter. This term came from the greek gods
when one god fell in love with himself through a reflection. Traits are An obvious self–focus in
interpersonal exchanges, problems in sustaining satisfying relationships, a lack of psychological
awareness, and difficulty with empathy. This personality disorder is estimated to be in about 1% of
the whole population. Most people just contain narcissistic traits, but the people who really do have
Narcissist personality disorder are the ones who overlook ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The concept of excessive selfishness has been recognized throughout history. In ancient Greece the
concept was understood as hubris. It is only more recently that narcissism has been defined in
psychological terms. Healthy narcissism forms a constant, realistic self–interest and mature goals
and principles and an ability to form deep relations to an something. Within psychology, there are
two main branches of research into narcissism: clinical and social psychology. These approaches
differ in their view of narcissism, with the former treating it as a disorder, thus as discrete, and the
latter treating it as a personality trait, thus as a continuum. These two strands of research tend
loosely to stand in a divergent relation to one another, although they converge in places. Self–
regulation in narcissists involves such things as striving to make one's self look and feel positive,
special, successful and important. It comes in both intrapsychic, such as blaming a situation rather
than self for failure, and interpersonal forms, such as using a relationship to serve one's own self.
Some differences in self–regulation between narcissists and non–narcissists can be seen with
Campbell, Reeder, Sedikides] who conducted a study with two

Paranoid Personality Disorders Essay
Paranoid Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder is a disorder commonly mistaken for schizophrenic personality
disorders. Schizophrenia, a psychosis, is when a person is has an image of a world and its
transpiring events, and he/she is
"living" it. Paranoid Personality Disorder, however, is a neurosis where an individual is
living in the real world. This disorder, though not as debilitating as other disorders, can still
devastate a someone's life.
Individuals with this Paranoid Personality Disorder always assume that other people are "out
to get them" even if there is no evidence that this is true. They are constantly doubting others
around them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason for this is because these people are unfamiliar with these new and different concepts.
These individuals may have a language problem, or unfamiliar with local customs and/or laws.
Problems such as these may generate anger and mistrust among the individuals, and are paranoid,
but not necessarily someone with the Paranoid Personality Disorder. The reason being this person
still places trust in the family and may have friends. However, to legally have this disorder, one must
show the symptoms listed above, and be completely suspicious and hostility toward others.
Another possibility widely being speculated upon is the brain. In the brain, there are many
chemicals, and for the brain to function correctly, there must a balance of each type of chemical. As
of now, scientists don't know exactly which chemicals are responsible, but are optimistic.
There is also evidence suggesting that there is an increased possibility that someone with a relative
that suffers from chronic Schizophrenia
(specifically Persecutory and Delusional Type) is more likely to develop
Paranoid Personality Disorder.
Among people in the United States, there is a relatively small percentage of people with this
disorder. In the general population, there is approximately 0.5%–2.5% with Paranoid Personality
Disorder. In inpatient

Borderline Personality Disorder Essay
Literature Review
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) can be described in simple terms as a condition in which
sufferers experience long periods of emotional instability and troubled feelings about themselves
and other people. These troubled feelings allow individuals to take impulsive measures and have
trouble in their relationships (Bouchard, Sabourin, Lussier & Villeneuve, 2009). BPD basically
comprises of unusual intensities of instability in mood and irrational thinking also referred to as
splitting. Splitting in BPD involves a switch between negative perception of others and idealization
(Sperry, 2003). This usually occurs along with irregular mood swings and can negatively impact on
the existing relationships such as family, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of the term borderline has however, resulted in a heated controversy between the health care
fraternity and patients. Patients argue that this term appears to be somehow discriminatory and that
it should be removed and the disorder renamed. Patients point out that an alternative name, such as
emotionally unstable personality disorder, should be adopted instead of borderline personality
disorder. Clinicians, on the other hand, argue that there is nothing wrong with the use of the term
borderline. Opponents of this term argue that the terms used to describe persons suffering from this
disorder, such as demanding, treatment resistant, and difficult among others, are discriminatory.
These terms may create a negative feeling of health professionals towards patients, an aspect that
may lead to adoption of negative responses that may trigger self–destructive behavior (Giesen–Bloo
et al, 2006). The fact however, is that the term borderline has been misunderstood and misused so
much that any attempt to redefine it is pointless leaving scrapping the term as the only option.
There is also a controversy with regards to whether borderline personality disorder is a disorder on
its

Though many mental disorders are household names, such as depression or bipolar disorder, many
are not nearly as widespread or recognized by today's society. One of the these lesser–known
disorders is Borderline Personality Disorder. Called BPD for short, this disorder is characterized by
emotional and functional instability. Mood swings and problems maintaining social and familial
relationships are quite common. The intent of this write up is to use three different works about BPD
to gain a better understanding of how BPD is represented in different types of media, with emphasis
on content, style, and structure.
The goal of the study "Multimethod Investigation of Interpersonal Functioning in Borderline
Personality Disorder" was to see what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is divided into relatively short separate sections, starting with the abstract and background. This
makes the article easier to read and much more concise. The next sections are more specific, first
starting with "Is BPD a bipolar mood condition?" and then addressing Is BPD a unipolar mood
condition?". Then the article closes off with a its verdict and closing statement on the issue at hand.
This article is written because there is a slight controversy over BPD being a mood disorder due to
similarities such as overlapping symptoms, and mood swings. However, this article splits up the
argument between polar and unipolar mood disorders, since polar and unipolar disorders have one
big dissimilarity: unipolar disorders deal with one emotional stage, while bipolar disorders have two
distinct stages. A few reasons as to why BPD is not a bipolar mood disorder are, BPD patients have
little reaction to mood stabilizers, their depression is triggered by environment, and BPD patients
have problems maintaining relationships. It is harder to describe why BPD is not a unipolar mood
disorder, but it is said that BPD is more on the intricate functions rooted within personality than
specifically depression or anxiety, since these factors fluctuate often with BPD. One flaw of this
article is that the information can

The Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Today it is estimated that .6 to 4% of the general population are thought to have antisocial
personality. (Thompson, 2014) Antisocial disorder is a personality disorder in which a person may
have behavioral deficits or tendencies not accepted as normal by society's standard. Antisocial
personality disorder is sometimes also known as sociopathy. Someone who has this disorder may be
called a sociopath. Some behavioral deficits seen in sociopaths include, superficial charm,
pathological lying, lack of remorse, shallow emotions, and need for stimulation. (Horley, 2014)
Unfortunately, Antisocial Disorder still has many unknowns and is in need of more research.
Criminal activity, the lifespan of sociopaths, doctors treatments, and levels of the ... Show more
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MacKenzie discusses in her article how psychopaths are generally internally affected and experience
psychological difficulties, whereas sociopaths are not as internally affected, most of the time they
are only affected in their relationship with society (2014). To focus further on sociopathic disorder,
Dr. Paula MacKenzie discusses this history of the disorder. MacKenzie defines sociopathy as a
personality disorder characterized by a lack of social responsibility and failure to adapt to ethical
and social standards of the community (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary,
2002, p. 1599). After she defines the many personality disorders she discusses in the article, she
discusses how much of the research of behavioral disorders began in the 1800's when mental
asylums became popular (2014). The first classification of a disorder similar to sociopathy was
"manie sans delire" or "insanity without delirium." Even though psychopathy is the disorder that is
said to be genetic, there are significant differences in the biological brains of individuals with
sociopathic disorder and those without it. In an article by Blair and Cipolotti, an individual with
sociopathic disorder was studied and assessed, and the findings are discussed. When the individual
was given a CT scan, an enlarged image of the brain was compared to that of a neuro–typical
individual. In the visual comparison, there is a clear difference of the

Personality Disorders And Eating Disorders
There are many different types of disorders. I am personally interested in personality disorders and
eating disorders. Now that might sound weird, but what I mean is I find it interesting and want to
figure out how it effects people. I want to know how it effects people's daily life. Now a day's
society glorifies personality disorders such as depression and eating disorders in general. Disorders
aren't something to be glorified they are something that some people struggle with and sometimes
can't live with their disorder or illness. There are many types of disorder, from bipolarity to bulimia
to schizophrenia. My family has a background of being bipolar or depressed. Some say depression
isn't a mental disorder but it is a serious illness ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The official definition of a personality disorder is "a psychopathological condition or group of
conditions in which an individual 's entire life pattern is considered deviant or nonadaptive although
the individual shows neither neurotic symptoms nor psychotic disorganization" according to the
Merriam–Webster dictionary. I interpret to mean that there is some pattern of conditions that makes
the person seem a divergent compared to other people of the same age group and gender. Even
though people have these conditions, they show nothing that makes them seem inconsistent with
brain activity or anything like neurosis, which is a class of mental disorders that are derived from
distress, but do not include hallucinations or delusions. In the first cluster of disorders, Cluster A,
there are three disorders: Paranoid personality disorder (PD), Schizoid personality disorder (PD),
and Schizotypal personality disorder (PD). These disorders are classified as odd, bizarre, or
eccentric. A person with Paranoid PD has absolutely no trust in others, they are suspicious of
everyone and everything, looking for something that would confirm why they feel this distrust for
everything in their lives.

What Is Dependent Personality Disorder?
It is quiet easy for us to attach onto those we love. Naturally, we are prone to want to share our lives
with those around us and are likely to depend on others for a portion of our happiness. All of this is
natural and makes us human. Who wouldn't want to have someone they can lean on? But what
happens when we become overly dependent on someone. When all of our decisions need to be fully
backed, supported, and reassured by others? What happens when we literally can't be alone and are
helpless and fearful without someone by our sides? Well, these symptoms could show evidence of
Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD). DPD is a commonly diagnosed cluster C personality
disorder in which ones dependence on others becomes impairing to their everyday life. According to
the DSM–5 DPD is defined as "a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care o that leads to
submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present
in a variety of contexts" (Durand, 2013). Unfortunately, DPD, like many personality disorders still
requires much further research regarding its causes and treatment options, however thanks to past
research we do have enough information to formally diagnose patients with it and help them target
skills to increase independence. To begin, it is important to examine the criteria and the symptoms
of PDP. According to the DSM–5, to be diagnosed with the disorder, a patient must have five or
more of the following criterion: 1.

Three of the most known personality disorders are antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic disorder.
Antisocial personality disorder is the best–known type of personality disorders and people with this
disorder typically show no regard for moral and ethical rules of society as well as the rights of
others. People with this disorder may appear likable at first, but over time will show to be
manipulative and deceptive. The lack of guilt or remorse is also evident with people that have
antisocial personality disorder. The second personality disorder is borderline personality disorder,
which people with that disorder have a difficulty of developing a sense as to who they are.
Therefore, people with borderline personality disorder often rely

Personality Disorders : What Causes A Personality Disorder?
Personality disorders is a deeply ingrained pattern of behavior of a specified kind, typically manifest
by the time one reaches adolescence and causing long term difficulties in personal relationships or
functioning in society. Someone with personality disorder not only effects the person with it but the
love ones as well. A question that is always raised while talking about personality disorder is what
causes a personality disorder? Some doctors and professor believe that things happen in a person's
early childhood. Then you have the scientist that feel as though it is a genetic thing. Stated in an
article by MF Lenzenweger he stated that there is 9.0 to 15.7 percent of the US population has been
diagnosed with personality disorder. There are numerous types of personality disorders. The more
common three are Cluster a, b, and c. Inside each cluster there are disorders that fall into that
category. Some quick prevalence of PPD is that 2.5% of the US have PPD. PPD lands in cluster a.
The problem with personality disorders is that it doesn't always have precise numbers nor can
anybody explain how these disorders become upon individuals. Doctors and scientist both have
different ways an individual can contract personality disorders. I am interested in this topic because
it isn't known as to where personality disorder comes from and to try to pinpoint it will be challenge.
In an experiment conducted by Tange Y, Jiange W, Liao J, and Wang W consisted of the testing of

Mental Disorders And Personality Disorder
Emily Dickinson famously said that the brain was wider than the sky, and she wasn 't far off. The
brain, specifically the mind, is the structure of all things personality and there are no set boundaries
that it falls in. But what happens when there 's a glitch, causing people to not understand human
ethics? There are certain mental disorders that can be linked to serial criminality, such as antisocal
personality disorder and borderline personality which are exhibited in notorious killers Ted Bundy
and Jeffrey Dahmer.
Ted Bundy is perhaps a household name. His crimes were so horrendous and large that people more
or less recognize him, even if they do not know the reason. From the outside, Bundy grew up in a
loving middle class family. However, Born on November 24, 1946, Theodore "Ted" Bundy started
life as his family 's embarrassing secret. His mother was just twenty–two years old when she had
him, young and unwed, which disgusted her extremely religious parents. The grandparents quickly
took him in and made him believe is mother was his sister, hiding the truth from him at all costs.
This was just the first of many problems he had through his life.
His fascination with knives started at just the age of three, foreshadowing the crimes would come
later. As a teen, he had trouble connecting with peers, thought nothing of stealing, and often looked
into other 's windows without second thought. He was a smart boy and did very well in school but
there was an undeniable difference

The Causes Of Antisocial Personality Disorder
"Living among us are people with no conscience, no emotions, and no conceptions of love.
Welcome to the chilling world of the sociopath." (Stout, 2005) Antisocial personality disorder
(APD), also known as dissocial personality disorder, is identification appropriate for individuals
who behave with no regard for the rights, safety or feelings of others. A personality disorder is a
persistent pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that is considerably different from what is
considered normal within the person's own culture. Professionals group personality disorders in
clusters based on a commonality of symptoms. Antisocial personality disorder is found on Cluster B,
which includes personality disorders characterized by symptoms of dramatic or erratic behaviors
(Gray, 2011). Antisocial personality disorder is more common in males (about 3 percent of the US
population) than females (about 1 percent of the US population) in the general population. APD is
highly associated with low financial status and among those living in urban areas. People with the
disorder are presumably living in poverty, suffering from a coexisting substance abuse disorder, or
racking up extensive criminal records (Grohol, 2010). As with generally all personality disorders, a
person must be at least 18 years of age before they can be diagnosed properly with APD. Antisocial
personality disorder symptoms will peak during late teenage years and early 20s. The symptoms
typically decrease in its

The Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder is a disregard for others rights and violating theses rights. This
disorder starts as a child to people who carry this disorder portray the characteristics of irritability,
aggressiveness, lack of remorse, and irresponsibility. A psychopath falls under the umbrella of
antisocial personality disorders. A psychopath is a person with a personality disorders which is
inherited from their parents at birth. Flashes of these inherited factors show and happen in the child
upbringing this includes torture animals at a young age, playing weird dark games as a kid, or
ripping heads of toys. A perfect example of a Psychopath is Edmund Kemper. A man who showed
his psychopath tendencies at a young age that grew into to him becoming a serial killer. My
sociopath that I choose to do my research on is Edmund Kemper III aka " The Co–Ed Killer".
Edmund Kemper was born on December 18, 1948, in Burbank, California by Clarnell Stage and
Edmund Kemper Jr .Kemper was a very intelligent person with an IQ of 136 but choose a darker
side of life and became a psychopathic serial killer and necrophile who killed 10 people including
his mother, and his grandparents. Edmund childhood wasn 't the greatest with his violent alcoholic
parents who separated at the age of nine. Ed was then forced to live with his mother because his
father wouldn 't accept him as his son. Kemper mother who suffered from Borderline Personality
Disorder would constantly disrespect,humiliate, and

Personality Disorders : Borderline Personality Disorder
Borderline personality disorder is the most frequent and the most severe of all personality disorders
in clinical practice, it 's a serious mental disorder with a characteristic pervasive pattern of instability
in affect regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self–image. It 's characterized
by severe psychological impairment and high mortality rate due to suicide. (Gado, 2016, p.47)
Our group has chosen to focus and elaborate on some of the different personality disorders that exist
as it relates to this course wonderfully. After we have learned about all of the different psychologists
and their theories of personality, I wonder which theorist can they seek help from most. I made the
decision to do borderline personality disorder simply because I am pretty confident that I know
someone that may deal with this disorder, but for some reason has not been properly diagnosed.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive
instability in moods, interpersonal relationships, self–image, and behavior. This instability often
disrupts family and work life, long–term planning, and the individual 's sense of identity. (Burton,
2015)
Through research, I found that this disorder is also referred to as "emotionally unstable personality
disorder." The individual that struggles with this disorder is someone who essentially lacks a sense
of self. As a result, they experience feelings of emptiness as well as fears of

Histrionic Personality Disorder Analysis
Those living with histrionic personality disorder are referred to as "drama queens". Often such
persons are uncomfortable in situations where they are not the center of attention. People with this
disorder are often charming, flirtatious or seductive, and like to dress in an inappropriately
provocative way (Larsen, 2014). They can be theatrical, behaving or expressing emotions in a
manner that draws attention to themselves. Yet simultaneously, their emotional are shallow, lacking
in detail and easily changed. This gives them the air of being hollow and insincere. Moreover, the
drama and strong emotional display often embarrasses friends and family as they may embrace even
casual acquaintances with excessive enthusiasm, or may sob uncontrollably over some minor
sentimentality. People with Histrionic Personality Disorder often ... Show more content on
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This gives rise to the issue of comorbidity. a problem that means "those meeting the criteria for a
diagnosis one personality disorder will also meet the criteria for diagnosis for another personality
disorder" (Larsen, 614).
Diagnosis:
Personality disorders such as histrionic personality disorder are typically diagnosed by a
psychologist or psychiatrist. There are no laboratory, blood or genetic tests that can be utilized to
diagnose histrionic personality disorder. Many people diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder
avoid seeking treatment. People with personality disorders do not often seek out treatment until the
disorder starts to significantly interfere or impact the persons daily life.
Causes/ Etiology:
We know that both nature and nurture play fundamental roles in creating personality disorders. We
also know neither is capable of forming a personality disorder separate from the other. What we
don't know is how these forces work together to effect personality

Classifying Personality Disorders
A challenge with classifying personality disorders is that personality disorders are not stable over
time while the very definition of personality disorders suggests that they should be stable over time.
However, according to figure 15.2, half the people with a personality disorder at some point in time
had achieved remission when interviewed two years later (455). Another challenge with classifying
personality disorders is that personality disorders are highly comorbid. For instance, a person
diagnosed with borderline personality disorder can also be diagnosed with paranoid personality
disorder–they also predict poorer outcomes for these disorders (another challenge). Moreover, it was
found that more than 50% of people diagnosed with a personality disorder also met the diagnostic
criteria for another personality disorder. Furthermore, in the alternative DSM–5 diagnoses (appears
in the appendix of the DSM 5) are based on personality traits and includes two types of dimensional
scores that can be rated using self–report items. The two types of dimensional scores are 5
personality trait domains and 25 more specific personality trait facets. For instance, negative
affectivity includes anxiousness, emotional ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although, for some personality disorders, little research was conducted regarding treatments.
Moreover, treatment of schizotypal personality disorder is similar to treatment of schizophrenia and
thus antipsychotic medication can help. Treatment of avoidant personality disorder is also similar to
treatment of social anxiety disorder where antidepressants and behavioral treatment can help.
Dialectical behavior therapy, psychodynamic therapy and longer term versions of cognitive therapy
have been shown some support as treatment for borderline personality disorder. Lastly,
psychotherapy is considered the best treatment for personality

We have all met a person who always has to be the center of attention and engages in inappropriate
sexually seductive or provocative behavior. It may be obvious that something is "off" or not quite
"normal" but many do not realize this behavior could be the result of a disorder known as Histrionic
Personality Disorder (HPD). According to Paul Rasmussen of Furman University, "an individual
with a histrionic orientation displays an active dependency characterized by a strong need for
external validation in the form of interpersonal attention, support, and reassurance". This paper will
explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment as well as risk factors of Histrionic Personality
Disorder. The American Psychiatric ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Harper, "the most obvious characteristic of histrionic patients is their use of denial or
dissociative mental operations, which can rewrite history to conform to a more favorable
presentation of events, discarding negative and conflictual experiences and feelings in the process"
(2004). Another common symptom displayed among those with HPD is being overly concerned
with physical appearance and frequently shows self–dramatizations, theatrical behavior, and
exaggerated emotions. Those diagnosed with HPD tend to shift emotions rapidly, constantly seek
reassurance, are excessively sensitive to criticism or disapproval as well as consider relationships to
be more intimate than they really are. "Without being aware of it, persons with HPD often act out a
roll in their relationships with others. They may seek to control their partner through emotional
manipulation or seductiveness on one level, whereas displaying a marked dependency on them at
another level" (Bornstein, 1998). A person with HPD may avoid a social encounter when he/she
knows that they might be upstaged by another individual out of fear of not being the center of
attention. An article published by the American Psychological Association, titled, The Histrionic
Prototype, states "individuals with HPD maintain a relative balance on enhancement and
preservation that reflects their need for attention and approval" (Rasmussen, 2005). In addition, they
are

The Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Now let's talk about "The Narcissist". How would you feel if someone called you a narcissist? This
is a term that's often thrown around during putting someone down or combating someone's
overconfidence. It is common for someone who is called a narcissist to feel more than a little
insulted, but also for them to just downright reject the notion that their love for themselves is
somehow wrong, when it's their oversensitivity to even the slightest criticism or scrutiny, that
someone might find out any part of them is not "perfect". The problem I have with labeling someone
as a narcissist is the misconception that the traits that most describes a person suffering from
narcissistic personality disorder, like; conceited, arrogant, only thinking ... Show more content on
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("Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) : DSM–IV Diagnostic Criteria," 2015.) Narcissistic
Personality Disorder: A pattern of self–centered or egotistical behavior is not caused by current drug
or alcohol use, head injury, acute psychotic episodes, or any other illness, but has been going on
steadily at least since adolescence or early adulthood and its symptoms include at least five of the
following:
1. An exaggerated sense of self–importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to
be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements)
2. Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
3. Believes he is "special" and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or
high–status people (or institutions)
4. Requires excessive admiration
5. Has a sense of entitlement
6. Selfishly takes advantage of others to achieve his own ends
7. Lack's empathy
8. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of them
9. Shows arrogant, haughty, patronizing, or contemptuous behaviors or attitudes (APA,2013).
–("Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) : DSM–IV Diagnostic Criteria," 2015.)
Austrian psychoanalyst Otto Rank published one of the earliest descriptions of narcissism in 1911,
in which he connected it to self–admiration

Joan Crawford's Personality Disorders
"No wire hangers!" What would be a normal thing to find in an average persons home is not
accepted in Joan Crawford's home. This posses the question why in the movie Mommie Dearest
does Mrs. Crawford have a dilemma with wire hangers in her closet? Why does she have so many
mental complications in general? Although to the public, Joan seems like a striving successful
actress she obviously has some underlying issues. She has developed her personality disorders her
whole life, but how she got them is a mystery. Most people develop personality disorders from their
parents or how they are raised. This is most likely the case with Joan Crawford, but no one really
knows since she is diseased. Joan has four major personality disorders within the movie; Obsessive–
compulsive, Bipolar, Borderline, and Narcissistic personality disorder. Obsessive–compulsive
disorder was the disorder most evident within Joan's personality, throughout, the movie. This
disorder demands perfection, and that's in everything. There are often ridiculous rules within the
household, and often times the home will be perfectly clean. For example, in the movie Joan blows a
gasket on her daughter Christina, because, Joan finds a wire hanger in her closet. This shouldn't be a
humongous situation, but it is, and the end result Christina gets beaten with wire hangers. Another
scene from the movie shows Joan eating raw steak, and trying to make Christina eat it as well.
Christina thinks the raw steak is disgusting,

History Of Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependency is something one can consider that the human race requires naturally. When comparing
dependency and mental illness we have to be aware of such extreme forms of dependency.
Dependent Personality Disorder is the diagnosis of this extreme dependency. Individuals with this
disorder can be seen as "clingy" or "needy". The fear of being alone and the need of assurance
plague individuals with this disorder. Due to lack of individual initiative advances individuals with
this disorder may not prevail in the workplace or educational settings. This paper details dependent
personality disorder, its historical roots, symptoms and treatments proposed to treat such disorder.
History of DPD
The history of dependent personality disorder is often classified as starting in the oral stage in
Freud's stage of development as a "manifestation of dysfunction" (Disney, 2013). DPD in the DSM
has evolved from several versions. The premier DSM did not distinctly categorize dependent
personality disorder. The disorder was subtype of a passive aggressive personality (Disney, 2013).
Published in 1968, The DSM –II no mention of a dependency disorder was proposed individually. In
hysterical personality, the suggestion of DPD was found in the description. As in previous DSM, the
passive aggressive personality touched further into extreme dependency (Disney, 2013).
Published in 1980, The DSM–III was the first to list Dependent Personality Disorder as a separate
disorder and. Criteria included "

Avoidant Personality Disorder: Charlie Brown
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Name : Charlie Brown
Source : Charlie Brown ( First Debut October 2, 1950)
Background Information : The storyline of Charlie Brown is focused on a very small social circle of
young children. One of the main animated character is Charlie Brown who has various insecurities.
The author made a common connection between himself and the character. He was a child who
others preyed on and made a mockery out of. The comical was used as an example of a great
American un–success story, where the character failed at everything he attempted to do. Charlie
Brown was always prone to bad luck.
Description Of The Problem :
People with Avoidant Personality Disorder commonly ponder on their own shortcomings. They may
feel reluctant

Personality Disorders Essay
Psychologists have identified ten different types of personality disorders and categorized into three
different clusters. In the beginning, the diagnostic testing for schizotypal was not very reliable,
because the symptoms ranged from mild to severe, and would vary to the severity of the symptoms.
Due to research, psychologists have discovered the various causes that trigger this disorder. With the
new age, there has been some new advancement made toward helping and treating patients with
schizotypal. It does not affect just the patient but takes a big toll on society.
According to the DSM–IV (2000), schizotypal personality disorder occurs more often in males than
in females and over three percent of the general population. The disorder ... Show more content on
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Schizotypal falls in the Cluster A category that is considered paranoid personality disorders.
According to Bjornlund (2011), ten to twenty years ago mental health professional started treating
patients for personality disorders, since it is harder to diagnose and treat. Each disorder had to be
approached differently according to a precise diagnosis. Health professionals used questionnaires
and interviews to diagnosis patients; however, often the results were incorrectly diagnosis. Some
patients do not get early treatment until the symptoms interfere with daily life or a relative
encourages them to. Some may seek treatment after court order, suicide attempt, anxiety, depression,
or substance abuse. Sometimes a precise diagnosis happens after being institutionalized or
hospitalize for a long period of time. Around the mid 1970's, DSM emphasized an increasing
reliability in diagnosis of schizotypal.
There are several different symptoms and characteristics that are present with schizotypal
personality disorder. According Bjounlund (2011), the symptoms may be mild in one specific area
of the patient's life or extremely severe that the patience cannot function in any part of life.
Symptoms can range from peculiar dress to perceptual alterations. The symptoms affect not just the
patience but also family and friends attributed to stress. Some patients diagnosed with schizotypal
exhibit anxious behavior. The anxious behavior includes obsessions and

Characteristics Of A Personality Disorder
Everyone has their own personality. Personality is defined as a set of individual differences that are
affected by the development of an individual, which typically consists of a person's values, attitudes,
personal memories, social relationships, and skills. (McAdams, Olson, 2010, p. 517–542) There are
two classifications of personalities. If you are considered Type A personality, then you are more
competitive, outgoing, possibly impatient and could even be considered aggressive. While the more
relaxed, laid back personalities are classified as Type B personalities. No matter which category of
personality a person falls under, they can be afflicted with a personality disorder. These disorders
can be such a mild version that a person doesn't even notice that they have one. But then there are
some that are affected by their disorder to the point that it completely takes over their lives. So much
so that they are unable to live what's considered a normal life.
There are three main ways to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. The first is a physical exam,
this will determine if there is an underlying medical problem. The exam can include lab tests and
possible screening for alcohol and/or drugs. The next step is a psychiatric evaluation. During this
evaluation the patient and their doctor should discuss the patient's feelings, their thoughts, and of
course their behavior. This evaluation can include a survey in regards to the patient and can include
their

Histrionic Personality Disorder

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