The document summarizes the history of conflict in Darfur, Sudan. It describes Darfur's diverse population and cultures, the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, and growing tensions between Arab groups and non-Arab Africans over resources. These tensions erupted into an ongoing civil war in the early 2000s, with the Sudanese government supporting Arab militias like the Janjaweed in carrying out violent attacks against non-Arab African groups. Over 2.5 million people have been displaced as a result of the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis.

1. The History of Darfur

2. Darfur is located in Sudan Represents frontier between the Arab world and black Africa For 10 years, Sudan has hardly seen peace – regularly dealing with crises Darfur

4. Islamic Influence Fundamentalist Islamic law was instituted by Major General Gaafar Mohamed Nimeiri in 1983 Sudan proclaimed independence in 1956 from Egypt and Britain Series of unstable parliamentary governments established

5. Growing Differences Influenced by the National Islamic Front and southern rebels, and supported by the Sudan People’s Liberation Army, unending civil war erupted between government forces. Language Religion Political Power Ethnicity

6. A famine in the mid-1980s disrupted many societal structures Led to first significant fighting among people in Darfur Low level conflict continued for 15 years Government survived and armed "Arab" militias against its enemies Start of the Crisis

7. Fight for Resources The arid, mountainous soil is central to the conflict between African farmers and Arab herders There is an eternal fight for water, food, and shelter Below-normal rainfall and massive numbers of displaced people have led to water shortages in refugee camps

11. In 2003, the Non-Arab Africans combined forces to protect themselves against the militia groups. The Sudanese government became involved in the 1990s, funding militia groups who were carrying out the attacks.

14. Janjaweed Attack The Janjaweed, a rebel militia group, contribute to much of the violence in Sudan, which has created over 2.5 million refugees Mostly members of nomadic “Arab” tribes, long at odds with settled “African” farmers in Darfur Target non-Islamic Sudanese

15. “ The refugees are going to have to move. There’s going to be nothing here to sustain life.” - Palouma Ponlibae Agriculture and Natural-Resources Officer for CARE

16. Before crisis Save Darfur