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The Internet originated in the 1960s from the visionary ideas of researchers who wanted to enable computers to share information. J.C.R. Licklider first proposed a global network in 1962. In 1965, Lawrence Roberts connected two computers over telephone lines, confirming Kleinrock's theory of packet switching. Four computers were connected as ARPANET in 1969 under a DARPA contract, and it continued expanding to include more universities and research organizations. The TCP/IP protocols developed in the 1970s established the Internet's architecture. In the 1980s, NSFNet provided a national backbone and popularized email, FTP, and other services for non-technical users.
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History of internet
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet from ARPANET in the late 1960s to the growth of the World Wide Web in the 1990s. It discusses how ARPANET, developed by the US Department of Defense, was the basis for the Internet and initially connected four university computers in 1969. It also summarizes that Tim Berners-Lee first proposed the idea for the World Wide Web in 1989 while working at CERN, and brought together hyperlinks, URLs, and browsers to create the World Wide Web in 1990, fueling rapid growth and commercial uses like Amazon in the following years.
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The US formed ARPA in 1957 in response to the USSR launching Sputnik to establish US lead in technology. In the 1960s, Paul Baran proposed a packet switched network to allow a military communications network to survive a nuclear attack. ARPANET was established in 1969 linking 4 nodes with 50 Kbps circuits. TCP/IP was developed in the 1970s allowing diverse networks to interconnect, and its use became universal for ARPANET in 1983, dividing it into MILNET and ARPANET. Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web at CERN in 1990.
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The document discusses the origins and history of the Internet. It describes how the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s and the first message being sent over ARPANET between UCLA and SRI. Key figures in the development of early packet switched networks that led to the Internet include Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, who are considered fathers of the Internet for their work developing protocols for interconnecting multiple networks. The document also references various timelines, uses, pictures, podcasts, videos and reasons for using the Internet.
History of internet
The document provides a history of the internet, beginning with its origins in the 1950s with the development of computers. It describes how the US Department of Defense funded research in the 1960s to create a network (ARPANET) that would continue functioning even if parts were damaged, laying the foundation for today's internet. Key developments include the creation of TCP/IP in the 1970s and 1980s to standardize network communication and the introduction of the World Wide Web in the 1990s, which led internet usage to grow tremendously, reaching over 3 billion users globally by 2014.
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The document provides a history of the internet from 1957 to 1990, describing several key events and innovations:
1) In 1957, computers could only perform one task at a time and programmers had an indirect connection, leading to bugs. A remote connection was then installed.
2) In October 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, frightening the US and leading to the creation of DARPA to secure US technology leadership.
3) DARPA developed ARPANET in 1966 to share information between universities, eliminating manual processing. This laid the foundation for the modern internet.
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The document discusses the origins and development of the Internet. It describes how ARPANET, developed by DARPA, was the first wide area network and used packet switching, laying the foundation for the Internet. It then explains how NSFNET, created by the National Science Foundation, helped spread network usage by connecting to ARPANET and regional networks after ARPANET was discontinued. Finally, it discusses how the World Wide Web, invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, made the Internet useful for human communication through technologies like HTML, URIs, and HTTP.
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The document provides a history of the internet, beginning with its origins in the 1950s with the development of computers. It describes how the US Department of Defense funded research in the 1960s to create a network (ARPANET) that would continue functioning even if parts were damaged, laying the foundation for today's internet. Key developments include the creation of TCP/IP in the 1970s and 1980s to standardize network communication and the introduction of the World Wide Web in the 1990s, which led internet usage to grow tremendously, reaching over 3 billion users globally by 2014.
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The document provides a history of the internet from 1957 to 1990, describing several key events and innovations:
1) In 1957, computers could only perform one task at a time and programmers had an indirect connection, leading to bugs. A remote connection was then installed.
2) In October 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, frightening the US and leading to the creation of DARPA to secure US technology leadership.
3) DARPA developed ARPANET in 1966 to share information between universities, eliminating manual processing. This laid the foundation for the modern internet.
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The document discusses the origins and development of the Internet. It describes how ARPANET, developed by DARPA, was the first wide area network and used packet switching, laying the foundation for the Internet. It then explains how NSFNET, created by the National Science Foundation, helped spread network usage by connecting to ARPANET and regional networks after ARPANET was discontinued. Finally, it discusses how the World Wide Web, invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, made the Internet useful for human communication through technologies like HTML, URIs, and HTTP.
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2002 0918 internet_history_and_growth
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History cerone
- 1. History of Internet Author: Cerone Nunzio V°C References: www.walthowe.com
- 2. The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields. J.C.R. Licklider of MIT first proposed a global network of computers in 1962, and moved over to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in late 1962 to head the work to develop it. Leonard Kleinrock of MIT and later UCLA developed the theory of packet switching, which was to form the basis of Internet connections. Lawrence Roberts of MIT connected a Massachusetts computer with a California computer in 1965 over dial-up telephone lines. Kleinrock's packet switching theory was confirmed. Roberts moved over to DARPA in 1966 and developed his plan for ARPANET. These visionaries and many more left unnamed here are the real founders of the Internet.
- 3. The Internet, then known as ARPANET, was brought online in 1969 under a contract let by the renamed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) which initially connected four major computers at universities in the southwestern US (UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah). By January 1971, Stanford, MIT's Lincoln Labs, Carnegie-Mellon, and Case-Western Reserve U were added. In months to come, NASA/Ames, Mitre, Burroughs, RAND, and the U of Illinois plugged in. After that, there were far too many to keep listing here.
- 4. The Internet was designed to provide a communications network that would work even if some of the major sites were down. If the most direct route was not available, routers would direct traffic around the network via alternate routes. The early Internet was used by computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians. Internet matured in the 70's as a result of the TCP/IP architecture that came out of the joint work of Bob Kahn at ARPA and Vint Cerf at Stanford and others throughout the 70's. Vint Cerf explains it like this, "Actually, Bob produced a list of desiderata for open networking, but the ideas of TCP and later TCP/IP arose out of our joint work while I was at Stanford and he was at ARPA. I would not say that the architecture was originally developed by Bob at BBN. It was adopted by the Defense Department in 1980 replacing the earlier Network Control Protocol (NCP) and universally adopted by 1983.
- 5. In 1986, the National Science Foundation funded NSFNet as a cross country 56 Kbps backbone for the Internet. They maintained their sponsorship for nearly a decade, setting rules for its non-commercial government and research uses.As the commands for e-mail, FTP, and telnet were standardized, it became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn to use the netsThis software would periodically reach out to all known openly available ftp sites, list their files, and build a searchable index of the software. The commands to search Archie were unix commands, and it took some knowledge of unix to use it to its full capability.