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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT.pptx
- 1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT Pre-Colonial Period-Post EDSA Period
- 3. Before the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, there already existed a system of governance in the pre-colonial Philippines. The Philippines was an archipelago organized into several independent and self-sufficient political units known as the Barangay. The stratification was based on class, which include: nobility (Maharlika), freeman (Timawa), the serf (Aliping Namamahay) , the slaves (Aliping Sagigilid) Pre-Colonial Period
- 5. Ferdinand Magellan’s arrival in the Philippines in 1521 became the Spanish crown’s basis for the occupation of the archipelago. A number of expeditions were sent to formally colonize the archipelago. During Miguel de Lopez conquest of the islands in 1565 the formal establishment of the colonial government take place. Spanish Period
- 6. The precolonial government was characterized by independent barangay, the Spaniards consolidated power under a centralized government which was led by the Governor-General. The governor-general was likewise an all powerful individual. The Spaniards appointed the chieftains as the Cabeza de Barangay. Spanish Period
- 7. The unified barangays composed the pueblos or town which were led by the Gobernadorcillo. The consolidated towns then form into provinces which could be categorized into: • Alcadia –provinces fully subjugated headed by Alcalde Mayor. • Corrgimiento-provinces that were not entirely pacified under Spanish authority led by Corregidor. • Royal Audiencia- is an independent body created to hear and solve cases. Spanish Period
- 9. The Propaganda Movement, led by the key figures such as Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena advocated reforms such that the same rights and freedoms being enjoyed in Spain would also be granted to Filipinos. However, the failure of the propaganda to initiate changes in the society gave birth to a secret association (KKK). Revolutionary Period
- 10. The Katipunan was governed by the: • Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme Council) • Sangguniang Balangay (Provincial Council) • Sangguniang Bayan (Popular Council) • Sangguniang Hukuman (Judicial Council) The division of the Katipunan into two factions: • Magdalo • Magdiwang Revolutionary Period
- 11. On March 22, 1897, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as President. On November 1, 1897, Aguinaldo established the Biak na Bato Republic. Revolutionary Period
- 13. The signing of the Treaty of Paris signaled the end of the Spanish-American War. William H. Taft became the first civil governor of the Philippines. In 1902, the Philippine Act (Cooper Act) was enacted which provide for the creation of the Philippine legislature. American Period
- 14. By 1961,the Philippine Autonomy Act (Jones Law) provided for the reorganization of the Philippine Legislature. Until in 1934, Tydings-McDuffie Act (Philippine Independence Act) It established the Philippine Commonwealth. President Manuel Roxas and Vice Sergio Osmeña headed the first Commomwealth government. American Period
- 16. The Japanese occupation of Manila signaled the establishment of the Japanese Military Administration on January 3, 1942 The Philippine Executive Commission (PEC) a civil government that would temporary rule the country. In 1943, a new constitution was promulgated. Jose P. Laurel served as its president also called the second republic. Japanese Period
- 18. The structure of postwar Philippine politics and government was founded on the 1935 Constitution. The first president of the third republic was Manuel Roxas, followed by Elpidio Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcia, Diosdado Macapagal and the first term of Ferdinand Marcos. Post-War Period
- 20. In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos was elected to the presidency and his administration was characterized by an: • Increased agricultural productivity • Massive infrastructure development • Defining diplomatic policy Under Marcos administration, a new constitution was adopted in 1973. Martial Law Era and The Fourth Republic
- 21. The 1973 Constitution provided that the Philippines will have a modified parliamentary form of government. During Martial Law, the political rights and civil liberties of the people as well as their human rights were suppressed and violated. The EDSA People Power which ousted Marcos and ended his dictatorial rule. Martial Law Era and The Fourth Republic
- 23. The period form 1986 onward is the restoration of the democracy. A revolutionary government was created following Corazon Aquino’s ascent to presidency. When the new Philippine Constitution was ratified in 1897, a democratic and republican government was established. Post –EDSA Period
- 24. The POST-EDSA era also known as the Fifth Republic. Corazon Aquino served as the first President of the fifth republic followed by the late Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Estrada, Gloria Arroyo, the late Benigno Aquino, and Rodrigo Duterte. Today, the Philippines is headed by Fernidand Marcos Jr. , the 17th president of the Philippines. Post –EDSA Period
- 25. B. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT : As to the number of rulers : (The Aristotelian classification of Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy)
- 26. Monarc hy One virtuos person rules, guided by a law that calls for a rotation in office and directs decision making to the public interest.
- 27. Aristoc racy Ruled by the best few who combined personal merit and wealth with the rule in the public.
- 28. Democr acy • A perverted constitution • Serves lawless greed of the many poor of free birth who constitute a majority. • A mob rule (mobocracy) • Least bad of the perverted constitution.
- 29. Trying to control others through shouting and coercion is destructive while quiet words of wisdom are more powerful than weapons
- 30. The scripture describes the obligation for Christians to stay in submission to the human government authorities.
- 32. *MARAGTAS CODE (also known as the code of Sumakwel) 1.–Deliberate refusal to work in the fields or to plant anything for daily subsistence is a most serious crime which deserves severe penalty. a) The lazy person shall be arrested, and sold to a rich family to serve as a slave and, as value of work in the house and in the fields. b) Later, when he has been trained to work and has come to love it, he shall be restored to his family. The price paid for him shall be returned and he shall no longer be considered a slave, but a ‘freeman‘ who has been regenerated and desires to live by the fruit of his labor. c) If much later it is found out that he has not reformed in any way and that he wastes his time in idleness, he shall be arrested again by the authorities and sent to the forest. He shall not be allowed to associate with the rest of the community because he is a bad example.
- 33. MARAGTAS CODE (also known as the code of Sumakwel) 2.–ROBBERY of any sort shall be punished severely. –The fingers of the thief shall be cut off. 3.–Only those who can support a family or several families can get married more than one and have as many children as they can. a) The poor family cannot have more than two children because it cannot support and properly bring up in the community a greater number of children. b) The children who cannot be supported by their parents shall be killed and thrown into the river.
- 34. MARAGTAS CODE (also known as the code of Sumakwel) 4.–If a man has a child by a woman and he runs away to evade marriage, his child by this woman shall be killed because it is difficult for a woman without a husband to support a child. a) The parents of the woman shall disinherit her. b) The village authorities shall look for the man, and when they catch him and he still refuses to marry, he shall be buried in the same grave.
- 35. CODE OF KALANTIAW ARTICLE I You shall not kill, neither shall you steal, neither shall you do harm to the aged, lest you incur the danger of death. All those who infringe this order shall be condemned to death by being drowned in the river, or in boiling water. ARTICLE II You shall obey. Let all your debts with the headman be met punctually. He who does not obey shall receive for the first time one hundred lashes. If the debt is large, he shall be condemned to thrust his hand in boiling water thrice. For the second time, he shall be beaten to death.
- 36. CODE OF KALANTIAW ARTICLE III Obey you: let no one have women that are very young nor more than he can support; nor be given to excessive lust. He who does not comply with, obey, and observe this order shall be condemned to swim for three hours for the first time and for the second time, to be beaten to death with sharp thorns. ARTICLE IV Observe and obey; let no one disturb the quiet of the graves. When passing by the caves and trees where they are, give respect to them. He who does not observe this shall be killed by ants, or beaten to death with thorns.
- 37. CODE OF KALANTIAW ARTICLE V You shall obey; he who exchanges for food, let it be always done in accordance with his word. He who does not comply, shall be beaten for one hour, he who repeats the offense shall be exposed for one day among ants. ARTICLE VI You shall be obliged to revere sights that are held in respect, such as those of trees of recognized worth and other sights. He who fails to comply shall pay with one month's work in gold or in honey.
- 38. CODE OF KALANTIAW ARTICLE VII These shall be put to death; he who kills trees of venerable appearance; who shoot arrows at night at old men and women; he who enters the houses of the headmen without permission; he who kills a shark or a streaked cayman. ARTICLE VIII Slavery for a doam (a certain period of time) shall be suffered by those who steal away the women of the headmen; by him who keep ill-tempered dogs that bite the headmen; by him who burns the fields of another.
- 39. CODE OF KALANTIAW ARTICLE IX All these shall be beaten for two days: who sing while traveling by night; kill the Manaul; tear the documents belonging to the headmen; are malicious liars; or who mock the dead. ARTICLE X It is decreed an obligation; that every mother teach secretly to her daughters matters pertaining to lust and prepare them for womanhood; let not men be cruel nor punish their women when they catch them in the act of adultery. Whoever shall disobey shall be killed by being cut to pieces and thrown to the caymans.
- 40. CODE OF KALANTIAW ARTICLE XI These shall be burned: who by their strength or cunning have mocked at and escaped punishment or who have killed young boys; or try to steal away the women of the elders. ARTICLE XII These shall be drowned: all who interfere with their superiors, or their owners or masters; all those who abuse themselves through their lust; those who destroy their anitos (idols) by breaking them or throwing them down.
- 41. CODE OF KALANTIAW ARTICLE XIII All these shall be exposed to ants for half a day: who kill black cats during a new moon; or steal anything from the chiefs or agorangs, however small the object may be. ARTICLE XIV These shall be made slave for life: who have beautiful daughters and deny them to the sons of chiefs, and with bad faith hide them away.
- 42. CODE OF KALANTIAW ARTICLE XV Concerning beliefs and superstitions; these shall be beaten: who eat the diseased flesh of beasts which they hold in respect, or the herb which they consider good, who wound or kill the young of the Manaul, or the white monkey. ARTICLE XVI The fingers shall be cut-off: of all those who break idols of wood and clay in their alangans and temples; of those who destroy the daggers of the tagalons, or break the drinking jars of the latter.
- 43. CODE OF KALANTIAW ARTICLE XVII These shall be killed: who profane sites where idols are kept, and sites where are buried the sacred things of their diwatas and headmen. He who performs his necessities in those places shall be burned. ARTICLE XVIII Those who do not cause these rules to be obeyed: if they are headmen, they shall be put to death by being stoned and crushed; and if they are agorangs they shall be placed in rivers to be eaten by sharks and caymans.
- 44. TREATY OF PARIS Article 1 – Spanish relinquishment of sovereignty claim to Cuba and occupation of Cuba by the U.S. Article 2 – Spanish cession of Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S. Article 3 – Spanish cession of the Philippines to the U.S. payment by the U.S. of $20,000,000 Article 4 – Spanish shipping in the Philippines Article 5 – Repatriation of Spanish soldiers and sailors captured at Manila; removal of Spanish forces from the Philippines and Guam; future of Spanish arms, equipment and supplies Article 6 – Release of all prisoners, including those involved in the insurrections in Cuba and the Philippines, held by Spain; the U.S. to do the same and also to encourage insurrectionist forces to do likewise.
- 45. TREATY OF PARIS Article 7 – Both sides to relinquish all claims of loss Article 8 – Forts and other permanent installations, archives, and personal property Article 9 – Rights of Spanish citizens and native peoples in ceded lands Article 10 – Freedom of religion Article 11 – Courts Article 12 – Judicial proceedings Article 13 – Copyrights, patents, and artistic works Article 14 - Spanish ability to appoint consular offices Article 15 – Rights of merchant vessels Article 16 – Cuba after U.S. occupation Article 17 – Treaty ratification
- 46. Philippine Autonomy Act (Jones Law 1916) • https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of- 1916/ • Tydings-McDuffie Act (Philippine Independence Act) • https://loveman.sdsu.edu/docs/1934PhilippineIndep.pdf
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