The document summarizes the key teachings and rules outlined in the "Kartilya ng Katipunan", a foundational document of the Katipunan movement that fought for Philippine independence from Spain in the late 19th century. The "Kartilya" outlined rules for members to become upright individuals and guide how they treat their fellow men, focusing on equality, honor, charity, and justice. It emphasized treating all people as equals, regardless of skin color or social status. The summary provides analysis on the historical context and significance of the "Kartilya" in developing the Katipunan's values and structure as it organized the revolution against Spanish colonial rule.

1. The KKK and the ”Kartilya
ng Katipinan”

2. Kataastaaasan, Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
👉arguably the most important
organization formed in the
Philippine history.
Katipunan

3. It was only Katipunan that envisioned;
👉A united Filipino nation that would revolt against
the spaniards for
👉the total independence of the country from Spain.

4. For Example:
• Diego Silang was known as an Ilocano who took up his arms and
led one of the longest running revolts in the country. Silang,
however, was mainly concerned about his locality and referred to
himself as El Rey de Ilocos ( The king of locos).
• The propaganda movements led by the ilustrados like Marcelo H.
del Pilar, Garciano Lopez Jaena, and Jose Rizal did not envision a
total separation of the Philippines from Spain, but only demanded
equal rights, representation and protection from the abuses of the
friars.

5. In the conduct of their struggle,
Katipunan created a complex
structure and defined value
system that would guide the
organization as a collective
aspiring for a single goal.

6. One of the most important Katipunan
documents was the Kartilya ng Katipunan.
The original name or title of the document
was " Manga Aral Nang Katipunan ng mga
A. N. B ( Anak Ng Bayan)" or " Lessons of
the Organization of the Sons of Country"

7. The document was written by Emilio Jacinto in 1896.
Jacinto was only 18 years old when he joined the movement.
He was a law student at the Universidad de Santo Tomas.

8. At the age of 22 years old of Jacinto,
Bonifacio appointed him as a commander
of the Katipunan in Northern Luzon in
April 15, 1897.
In the town of Magdalena, Laguna Jacinto
died of Malaria at a young age of 24.

9. Generally, the rules stated in the Kartilya can
be classified into two.
👉The first group contains the rules that
will make the member an upright individual.
👉The second group contains the rules that
will guide the way he treats his fellow men.

10. TEACHINGS OF THE KATIPUNAN
The Katipunan code of conduct
By Emilio Jacinto
I. The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable is a tree
without a shade, if not a poisonous weed.
II. To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake is not virtue.
III. It is rational to be charitable and love one's fellow creature, and to
adjust one's conduct, acts and words to what is in itself reasonable.

11. IV. Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born
equal: superiority in knowledge, wealth and beauty are to
be understood, but not superiority by nature.
V. The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the
scoundrel, gain to honor.
VI. To the honorable man, his word is sacred.
VII. Do not waste thy time : wealth can be recovered but
not time lost.

12. IX. The prudent man is sparing in words
and faithful in keeping secrets.
X. On the thorny path of life, man is the
guide of woman and the children, and if
the guide leads to the precipice, those
whom he guides will also go there.
XI. Thou must not look upon woman as a
mere plaything, but as a faithful
companion who will share with thee the
penalties of life; her (physical) weakness
will increase thy interest in her and she will
remind thee of the mother who bore thee
and reared thee.

13. XII. What thou dost not desire done unto thy
wife, children, brothers and sisters, that do not
unto wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy
neighbor.
XIII. Man is not worth more because he is a king,
because his nose is aquiline, and his color white,
not because he is a priest, a servant of God, not
because of the high prerogative that he enjoys
upon the earth, but he is worth most who is man
of proven and real value, who does good, keeps
his words, is worthy and honest; he who does not
oppress nor consent to being oppressed, he who
loves and cherishes his fatherland, though he be
born in the wilderness and know no tongue but
his own.

14. XIV. When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the longed- for
sun of Liberty shall rise brilliant over this most unhappy portion of the
globe and its rays shall diffuse everlasting joy among the
confederated brethren of the same rays, the lives of those who have
gone before, the fatigues and the well-paid sufferings will remain. If
he who desires to enter has informed himself of all this and believes
he will be able to perform what will be his duties, he may fill out the
application for admission.

15. Analysis of the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
As a document written for a fraternity whose main purpose is to
overthrow a colonial regime, we can explain the content and
provisions of the Kartilya as a reaction and response to certain value
systems that they found despicable in the present state of things
that they struggled against with.

16. In the context of the Spanish colonial era
where the indios were treated as the inferior of
the white Europeans, the Katipunan saw to it
that the alternative order that they wished to
promulgate through their revolution
necessarily destroyed this kind of unjust
hierarchy.
The document aligns with rational and
liberal ideas of the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries, including equality, tolerance,
freedom and liberty. Jacinto as an illustrado,
understand these values, as well as Victorian
and chivalrous aspects

17. The teaching of the Katipunan on how women should be
treated with honor and respect, while positive in many way
respects and certainly a significant stride from the practice of
raping and physically abusing women, can still be telling of the
Katipunan's secondary regard for women in relation to men.
In the contemporary eyes, the Katipunan can be criticized
because of these provisions. However, one must not forget the
context where the organization was born. Not even in Europe or in
the whole of the west at that juncture recognized the problem of
gender inequality. Indeed, it can be argued that Katipunan's
recognition of women as important partners in the struggle, as
reflected not just in Kartilya but also in the organizational
structure of the fraternity where a women's unit was established, is
an endeavor advanced for its time.

18. The Kartilya was instructive not just of the Katipunan's conduct
toward other people, but also for the member's development as
individuals in their own rights. Generally speaking, the rules in the
Kartilya can be classified as either directed to how one should treat
his neighbor or how to one should develop and conduct one's self.
Both are essential to the success and fulfilment of the Katipunan’s
ideals.
All in all, proper reading of the Kartilya will reveal a more thorough
understanding of the Katipunan and the significant role that it
played in the revolution and in the unfolding of the Philippine
history, as we know it.

19. Reading the proclamation of the
Philippine independence
Since 1962, Philippine Independence Day has been
celebrated every June 12 after President Diosdado
Macapagal changed the date from July 4, the day
when a treaty was made declaring the freedom of the
Philippines from the United States.
H
JUNE 12, 1898
-Philippine Revolutionary Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo
proclaimed Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite.
-The the Philippine National Flag, made in Hongkong
by Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo, assisted by Lorenza
Agoncilloand Delfina Herboza, was officially hoisted
and the Philippine National March played in public.

20. -The Act of the Declaration of Independence was
prepared by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, who also read
it. A passage in the Declaration reminds one of another
passage in the American Declaration of Independence.
-The Philippine Declaration was signed by ninety-eight
persons, among them an American army officer who
witnessed the proclamation.
- The proclamation of Philippine independence was,
however, promulgated on August 1 when many towns
has already been organized under the riles laid down by
the Dictatorial Government.

21. PROCLAMATION OF THE
PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE
• It is a short 2,000-word document
• It summarized the reason behind the revolution
against Spain.
• It also summarized the subsequent war for
independence, as well as the future of the new
republic under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo.
• The proclamation commenced with a
characterization of the condition of the Philippines
during Spanish colonial period.
• It specifically mentioned the abuses and inequalities
existing in the colony

22. THE DECLARATION SAYS:
"...taking into consideration, that their inhabitants being already weary of
bearing the ominous yoke of Spanish domination, on account of the arbitrary
arrests and harsh treatment practiced by the Civil Guard to the extent of
causing death with the connivance and even with the express orders of their
commanders, who sometimes went to the extreme of ordering the shooting of
prisoners under the pretext that they were attempting to escape, violation of
the provisions of the Regulations of their Corps, which abuses were unpunished
and on account of the unjust deportations, especially those decreed by General
Blanco, of eminent personages and of high social position, at the instigation of
the Archbishop and friars interested in keeping them out of the way for their
own selfish and avaricious purpose, deportations which are quickly brought
about by a method of procedure more execrable than that of the Inquisition
and which every civilized nation rejects on account of a decision being rendered
without a hearing of the persons accused."

23. • The passage demonstrates the justifications behind the revolution against
Spain.
• Specifically cited are the abuses by the Civil Guards and the unlawful shooting
of prisoners whom they alleged as "attempting to escape".
• It also condemns the unequal protection of the law between the Filipino
people and the "eminent personages".
• Moreover, the line mentions the avarice and greed of the clergy like the friars
and the Archbishop himself.
• The passage also condemns what they saw as the unjust deportation and
rendering of other decisions without proper hearing, of expected any civilized
nation.

24. JULY 4,1946
It is commonwealth era when the United States
granted independence to the Philippine via
Treaty of Manila, following World War II.
• Philippines officially became a state where it
had people, territory, government and
sovereignty.
• The country celebrated its freedom day from
United States.

26. The declaration of independence in the Philippines is a significant event
in Philippine history, reflecting the general revolutionary sentiment of the
time. The proclamation mentions abuses like friar abuse, racial discrimination,
and inequality, but does not mention the land and agrarian crisis felt by
Filipino peasants in the nineteenth century. This is ironic, as renowned
Philippine Revolution historian Teodoro Agoncillo argued that the revolution
was an agrarian one, with soldiers fighting for the hope of owning their lands
once friar estates dissolve. This aspect of the struggle was either unfamiliar to
middle-class revolutionary leaders like Emilio Aguinaldo, Ambrosio
Rianzares-Bautista, and Felipe Buencamino, or intentionally left out due to
their landholding status.
Analysis of the Proclamation of the Philippine Independence

27. The treaty of Paris was an agreement signed between
Spain and the United States of America regarding the
ownership of the Philippine Island and other Spanish
colonies in South America. The agreement ended the
shortlived Spanish-American War. The Treaty was
signed on 10 December 1898,six months after the
revolutionary government declared the Philippine
Independence. The Philipine was sild to the United
States at $20 million and effectively undermined the
sovereignty of the Filipinos after their revolutionary
victory. The America occupied the Philippines
immediately which resulted in the Philippine-
Americam War that lasted until the earliest years of the
twentieth century.

28. The proclamation of Aguinaldo's revolutionary government highlights the
historical significance of the struggle for independence. It details key events
such as the execution of the GOMBURZA and the failed Cavite Mutiny of 1872,
which were seen as turning points in the movement against Spain. Jose Rizal's
legacy and martyrdom are also mentioned. However, the Katipunan, the pioneer
of the revolutionary movement, is only mentioned once, and Bonifacio and his
co-founder are not mentioned. This suggests that the historical narration
reflects the politics of the victors. The enmity between Aguinaldo's Magdalo and
Bonidacio's Magdiwang in the Katipunan is also discussed. The war led by
Aguinaldo's men with the US forces is also discussed in detail.

29. The point is, even official records and
document like the proclamation of
independence, while truthful most of the time,
still exude the politics and biases of whoever is
in power. This manifests in the selectiveness of
information that can be found in these records.
It is the task of the historian, thus, analyze the
content of these documents in relation to the
dominant politics and the context of people and
institutions surrounding it. This tells us a lesson
on taking primary sources like official
government records within the circumstance of
this production. Studying one historical subject,
thus, entails looking at multiple primary sources
and pieces of historical evidences in order to
have a more nuanced and contextual analysis of
our past.

31. Overview:
Philippine political cartoons gained full expression
during the American era. Filipino artists recorded
national attitudes toward the coming of the Americans
as well as the changing mores and times. In the book of
Alfred McCoy, 377 cartoons were compiled in the book,
including the extensive research of McCoy in the
Philippine and American archives providing a
comprehensive background not only to the cartoons but
to the turbulent period as well. Artist writer Alfredo
Roces, who designed the book cover, contributed an
essay on the Philippine graphic satire on the period

32. The first example was published in The Independent on May 20,
1916. The cartoon shows a politician froma Tondo, named Dr.
Santos, passing his crown to his brother-in-law, Dr. Barcelona. A
Filipino guy (asdepicted wearing salakot and barong tagalog)
was trying to stop Santos, telling the latter to stop
givingBarcelona the crown because it is not his to begin with.

33. The second example was also published by The Independent on 16 June 1917.
This was drawn by FernandoAmorsolo and was aimed as a commentary to the
workings of Manila Police at that period. Here, we seea Filipino child who stole a
skinny chicken because he had nothing to eat. The police officer wasrelentlessly
pursuing the said child. A man wearing a salakot, labeled Juan de la Cruz was
grabbing the officer, telling him to leave the small-time pickpockets and thieves
and to turn at the great thieves instead.He was pointing to huge warehouse
containing bulks of rice, milk, and grocery products.

34. The third cartoon was a commentary on the
unprecedented cases of colorum automobiles
in the city ofstreets. The Philippine Free Press
published this commentary when fatal
accidents involving colorumvehicles and taxis
occurred too often already.

35. The fourth cartoons depict a cinema. A blown-up police officer
was at the screen saying that couples arenot allowed to neck
and make love in the theater. Two youngsters looked horrified
while an older coupleseemed amused.

36. The next cartoon was published by The Independent on 27 November 1915.
Here, we see the caricature of Uncle Sam riding a chariot pulled by Filipinos
wearing school uniform. The Filipino boys were carrying American objects like
baseball bats, whiskey, and boxing gloves. McCoy, in his caption to the said
cartoon, Says that this cartoon was based on an event in 1907 when William
Howard Taft was brought to the Manila pier riding a chariot pulled by students
of Liceo de Manila. Such was condemned by the nationalists at that time.

37. The last cartoon was published by Lipang Kalabaw
on 24 August 1907. In the picture, we can see
UncleSam rationing porridge to the politicians and
members of the Progresista Party (sometimes
known as Federalista Party) while members of the
Nacionalista Party look on and wait for their turn.
This cartoondepicts the patronage of the United
States being coveted by politicians from either of
the party

38. Analysis of Cory Aquino’s Speech

39. The ideology or the principles of the new democratic government can also be seen
in the same speech. Aquino contrasted her government with her predecessor by
promoting a democratic constitution, asserting its rights and liberty, and claiming
to be a reconciliatory agent amid polarizing authoritarian politics.
Cory's speech revealed parallels between her and Marcos' governments, including
continuing the alliance between the Philippines and the US despite Marcos'
affinity. The Aquino regime chose to continue this alliance and implemented a
similar foreign policy to the dictatorship.
Reading through Aquino's speech, we can already take cues, not just on Cory's
individual ideas and aspirations, but also the guiding principles and framework of
the government that she represented.

40. Analysis of the Political Caricatures
during the the American Period
•The transition from the Spanish Colonial
period to the American Occupation period
demonstrated different strands of changes and
shifts in culture, society, and politics. The
Americans drasticallyintroduced democracy to
the nascent nation and the consequences were
far from ideal. Aside from this,it was also
during the American period that Filipinos were
introduced to different manifestations
ofmodernity like healthcare, modern
transportation, and media. This ushered in a
more open and freerpress.

41. •The post-independence and the post Filipino-American period in the
Philippines were experienceddifferently by Filipinos coming from different
classes. The upper principalia class experienced economicprosperity with
the opening up of the Philippine economy to the United States but the
majority of thepoor Filipino remained poor, desperate, and victims of state
repression.
•The selected cartoons illustrate not only the opinion of certain media
outfits about the Philippine societyduring the American period but also
paint a broad image of society and politics under the United States.

42. •In the arena of politics, for example, we see the price that Filipinos paid for
the democracy modeled afterthe Americans. First, it seemed that the Filipino
politicians at that time did not understand well enoughthe essence of
democracy and the accompanying democratic institutions and processes. This
can be seenin the rising dynastic politics in Tondo as depicted in the cartoon
published by The Independent. Patronagealso became influential and
powerful, not only between clients and patrons but also between the
newlyformed political parties composed of the elite and the United States.
This was depicted in the cartoonwhere the United States, represented by
Uncle Sam, provided dole outs for members of the Federalista while the
Nacionalista politicians looked on and waited for their turn. Thus, the essence
of competingpolitical parties to enforce choices among the voters was
cancelled out. The problem continues up to thepresent where politicians
transfer from one party to another depending on which party was powerful
inspecific periods of time.

43. •The transition from a Catholic-centered, Spanish-Filipino society to an imperial
American-assimilated one,and its complications, were also depicted in the
cartoons. One example is the unprecedented increase ofmotorized vehicles in
the city. Automobiles became popular a mode of transportation in the city led
tothe emergence of taxis. However, the laws and policy implementation was
mediocre. This resulted in theincreasing colorum and unlicensed vehicles
transporting people around the city. The rules governing the issuance of driver’s
license was loose and traffic police could not be bothered by rampant violations
of traffic rules. This is a direct consequence of the drastic urbanization of the
Philippine society.

44. •Another example is what McCoy called the “sexual
revolution” that occurred in the 1930s. Young people,
as early as that period, disturbed the conservative
Filipino mindset by engaging in daring sexual
activities in publicspaces like cinemas. Here, we can
see how that period was the meeting point between
the conservativepast and the liberated future of the
Philippines.
•Lastly, the cartoons also illustrated the conditions of
poor Filipinos in the Philippines now governed bythe
United States. From the looks of it, nothing much has
changed. For example, a cartoon depicted how police
authorities oppress petty filipino criminals while
turning a blind eye on hoarders who monopolized
goods in their huge warehouse (presumably chinese
merchants).

45. •The other cartoon depicts how american
controlled filipino’s through seemingly
harmless americans objects. By controlling
their consciousness and mentality. Americans
got to control and subjugate Filipinos.

46. •The

47. It was only Katipunan that envisioned;
👉A united Filipino nation that would revolt against
the spaniards for
👉the total independence of the country from Spain.

48. For Example:
• Diego Silang was known as an Ilocano who took up his arms and
led one of the longest running revolts in the country. Silang,
however, was mainly concerned about his locality and referred to
himself as El Rey de Ilocos ( The king of locos).
• The propaganda movements led by the ilustrados like Marcelo H.
del Pilar, Garciano Lopez Jaena, and Jose Rizal did not envision a
total separation of the Philippines from Spain, but only demanded
equal rights, representation and protection from the abuses of the
friars.

49. In the conduct of their struggle,
Katipunan created a complex
structure and defined value
system that would guide the
organization as a collective
aspiring for a single goal.

50. One of the most important Katipunan
documents was the Kartilya ng Katipunan.
The original name or title of the document
was " Manga Aral Nang Katipunan ng mga
A. N. B ( Anak Ng Bayan)" or " Lessons of
the Organization of the Sons of Country"

51. The document was written by Emilio Jacinto in 1896.
Jacinto was only 18 years old when he joined the movement.
He was a law student at the Universidad de Santo Tomas.

52. At the age of 22 years old of Jacinto,
Bonifacio appointed him as a commander
of the Katipunan in Northern Luzon in
April 15, 1897.
In the town of Magdalena, Laguna Jacinto
died of Malaria at a young age of 24.

53. Generally, the rules stated in the Kartilya can
be classified into two.
👉The first group contains the rules that
will make the member an upright individual.
👉The second group contains the rules that
will guide the way he treats his fellow men.

54. TEACHINGS OF THE KATIPUNAN
The Katipunan code of conduct
By Emilio Jacinto
I. The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable is a tree
without a shade, if not a poisonous weed.
II. To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake is not virtue.
III. It is rational to be charitable and love one's fellow creature, and to
adjust one's conduct, acts and words to what is in itself reasonable.

55. IV. Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born
equal: superiority in knowledge, wealth and beauty are to
be understood, but not superiority by nature.
V. The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the
scoundrel, gain to honor.
VI. To the honorable man, his word is sacred.
VII. Do not waste thy time : wealth can be recovered but
not time lost.