This document discusses the history and development of earth science. It describes some of the early advances made by ancient civilizations like the Babylonians and Egyptians in areas like astronomy and calendar systems. Key figures mentioned include Thales, Pythagoras, Anaxagoras, Aristarchus, Hipparchus, Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton. Many of these scientists made important contributions to the understanding of topics like the shape of the earth, the movement of celestial bodies, and gravity.

1. Earth Science by Carolina Ditan

2. Early Science
Stone age (dating back about a million years)
Bronze age (dating back about 4,000 B.C.)
Dawn of modern western civilization (dating
back 200 B.C.)
Earth Science by Carolina Ditan

3. • Babylonians – recorded
eclipses and were able
to predict future
eclipses. they named
the twelve divisions of
the Zodiac
• Egyptians – they
devised a calendar of
365 days
Earth Science by Carolina Ditan

4. Astronomy
• Thales – the first Ionian philosopher who
made careful observation of the movement of
the sun and marked out equinoxes.
• Pythagoras - believed that the earth was
spherical in shape and earth rotated on its axis
once a day and revolved together with all
planets around the sun.
Earth Science by Carolina Ditan

5. • Anaxagoras - discovered the cause of the
phases of the moon and observed that the
moon have mountains, valley and plains.
• Eudoxus – believed that earth is the center of
the universe.
• Aristotle – greatest ancient scientist
Earth Science by Carolina Ditan

6. • Aristharchus - he had accurate understanding
of the arrangement and the movement of the
solar system.
Discovered that the changing seasons are
caused by the earth’s tilted axis and elliptical
orbit around the sun
• Hipparchus – discovered the precession of the
equinoxes.
Earth Science by Carolina Ditan

7. • Claudius Ptolemy – believed that earth was
the center of the universe and develop the
Geocentric on Ptolemic theory.
• Nicolaus Copernicus – theorized the
heliocentric system in which the planets
moves around the sun. Sun is the center of
the solar system.
• Johannes Kepler – proposed the Planetary
Motions
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8. • Galileo Galilei - discovered telescope. He
used it to discover the ring of the Saturn and 4
moons of the Jupiter.
• Isaac Newton – proposed the Law of
Gravitation
• John Dalton – developed his Atomic theory
Earth Science by Carolina Ditan