Histology of Bone.pptx.pdf
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The document summarizes the histology of bone tissue. It describes the four main cell types found in bone - osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts - and their functions. It also discusses the two types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone. Compact bone contains concentric osteons surrounded by lamellae, while spongy bone contains an irregular network of trabeculae that support bone marrow.
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Structure of bone By M Thiru murugan.pptx
Structure of Bone
By, M. Thiru murugan
Structure of bone:
The basic structure of bones is bone matrix, which makes up the underlying rigid framework of bones, composed of both compact bone and spongy bone.
The bone matrix consists of tough protein fibers, mainly collagen, that become hard and rigid due to mineralization with calcium crystals.
Bone matrix is crossed by blood vessels and nerves and also contains specialized bone cells that are actively involved in metabolic processes.
Bone matrix provides bones with their basic structure. Notice the spongy bone in the middle, and the compact bone towards the outer region. The osteon is the functional unit of compact bone.
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Bone Cells: Bones are made of four main kinds of cells:
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Lining cells.
Osteoblasts: are responsible for making new bone as your body grows.
They also rebuild existing bones when they are broken. To make new bone, many osteoblasts come together in one spot then begin making a flexible material called osteoid.
Minerals are then added to osteoid, making it strong and hard. When osteoblasts are finished making bone, they become either lining cells or osteocytes.
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells are called osteocytes
Osteoclasts: Bone-destroying cells & Break down bone matrix for remodelling and release of calcium
Lining cells: are very flat bone cells.
These cover the outside surface of all bones and are also formed from osteoblasts that have finished creating bone material.
These cells play an important role in controlling the movement of molecules in and out of the bone
Bone Tissues:
Bones consist of different types of tissue, including periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow.
Periosteum.
Cortical, or Compact Bone.
Cancellous, or Spongy Bone.
Bone Marrow.
1.Periosteum: The periosteum is a tough membrane that covers and protects the outside of the bone.
2.Compact bone: Below the periosteum, compact bone is white, hard, and smooth. It provides structural support and protection.
3.Spongy bone: The core, inner layer of the bone is softer than compact bone. It has small holes called pores to store marrow
4. Bone Marrow: The inside bones are filled with a soft tissue called marrow.
There are 2 types of bone marrow: red and yellow.
Red bone marrow is where all new RBC, WBC, and platelets are produced.
Red bone marrow is found in the center of flat bones such as your scapula and ribs.
Yellow marrow is made mostly of fat and is found in th
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Structure of Bone
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Structure of bone:
The basic structure of bones is bone matrix, which makes up the underlying rigid framework of bones, composed of both compact bone and spongy bone.
The bone matrix consists of tough protein fibers, mainly collagen, that become hard and rigid due to mineralization with calcium crystals.
Bone matrix is crossed by blood vessels and nerves and also contains specialized bone cells that are actively involved in metabolic processes.
Bone matrix provides bones with their basic structure. Notice the spongy bone in the middle, and the compact bone towards the outer region. The osteon is the functional unit of compact bone.
The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or Haversian system.
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Osteocytes: Mature bone cells are called osteocytes
Osteoclasts: Bone-destroying cells & Break down bone matrix for remodelling and release of calcium
Lining cells: are very flat bone cells.
These cover the outside surface of all bones and are also formed from osteoblasts that have finished creating bone material.
These cells play an important role in controlling the movement of molecules in and out of the bone
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Bones consist of different types of tissue, including periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow.
Periosteum.
Cortical, or Compact Bone.
Cancellous, or Spongy Bone.
Bone Marrow.
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3.Spongy bone: The core, inner layer of the bone is softer than compact bone. It has small holes called pores to store marrow
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Axial and appendicular skeleton
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Application and implications in nursing
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It Provide framework of the body.
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It providing support and protection for the internal organs
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Bones:
Bone are specialized forms of strong connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body.
It is composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
It also serves as a storage area for calcium, playing a large role in calcium balance in the blood
The smallest bone in the human body is called the stirrup or stapes bone, located deep inside the ear & The longest bone in the human is called the femur.
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Long Bone
Short Bone
Flat Bone
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Sesamoid Bone
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There are over 200 bones in the human body that are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular. Bones are living tissues composed of cells like osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts embedded in an organic bone matrix and inorganic minerals. Compact bone forms the dense outer layer while spongy bone composes the inner layer. Long bones have
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3. The structures of long bones, which make up the limbs, include a diaphysis, or shaft, and two epiphyses at the ends. Short, flat, and irregular bones differ in their shapes.
4. Bones are made up of compact cortical bone on the outside and spongy cancellous bone
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Anatomical positions
Bones: types, structure, growth and ossification
Axial and appendicular skeleton
Joints: classification, major joints and structure
Application and implications in nursing
The Muscular system:
Types and structure of muscles
Muscle groups: muscles of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, upper limb and lower limbs
Principal muscles: deltoid, biceps, triceps, respiratory, abdominal, pelvic floor muscles, gluteal muscles and vastus lateralis
Major muscles involved in nursing procedures
Skeletal system:
The human skeletal system consists of all of the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments in the body
It Provide framework of the body.
Altogether, the skeleton makes up about 20% of a person's body weight. An adult's skeleton contains 206 bones.
It providing support and protection for the internal organs
The skeletal system also provides attachment points for muscles to allow movements at the joints.
Components of skeletal system:
Cartilage: This smooth and flexible substance covers the tips of your bones where they meet. It enables bones to move without friction (rubbing against each other).
Functions of Cartilage:
Model for bone growth in embryo & fetus
Provides a smooth cushion between adjacent bones
Provides firm flexible support (nose, ears, ribs & trachea)
Excellent shock absorber
Ligaments: Bands of strong connective tissue called ligaments hold bones together.
Functions of Ligaments:
Attach bones to bones
Provide stability
Tendons: Tendons are bands of tissue that connect the ends of a muscle to your bone.
Functions of Tendons:
Attach muscles to bones
Anchors muscle to bone for movement
Joints: A joint is where two or more bones in the body come together.
Anatomical position:
Anatomical position, or standard anatomical position, refers to the positioning of the body when it is standing upright and facing forward with each arm hanging on either side of the body, and the palms facing forward. The legs are parallel, with feet flat on the floor and facing forward.
Bones – types, structure, growth and ossification:
Bones:
Bone are specialized forms of strong connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body.
It is composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
It also serves as a storage area for calcium, playing a large role in calcium balance in the blood
The smallest bone in the human body is called the stirrup or stapes bone, located deep inside the ear & The longest bone in the human is called the femur.
Classification or types of bones:
Bones are divided into 5 types.
Long Bone
Short Bone
Flat Bone
Irregular Bone
Sesamoid Bone
1. Long Bone:
A long bone is one that is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide.
Shape of a bone, not its size.
Long bones are found in: Arms (humerus, ulna, radius) & fingers (metacarpals, phalanges) and also Legs (femur, tibia, fibula),
Alveolar
The alveolar bone supports and protects the teeth. It consists of an alveolar process that forms the bony sockets holding the tooth roots. The alveolar bone proper forms the inner socket wall and attaches to the periodontal ligament via numerous openings carrying nerves and blood vessels. Surrounding the alveolar bone is supporting alveolar bone, which is thicker in the molar and premolar regions and contains cortical plates and cancellous bone.
Structure of Bone & Cartilage.ppsx
This document summarizes the structure and types of bone and cartilage. It describes cartilage as a semi-rigid connective tissue composed of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and ground substance. There are three main types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Bone is described as a specialized connective tissue that is mineralized and rigid, providing structure and protection. The document outlines the cells and extracellular matrix of bone, including osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, collagen fibers, and hydroxyapatite minerals. It also summarizes the microstructure of bone and how growth and remodeling occurs throughout life.
skeletal system.pdf
The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, joints and ligaments. Bones provide structure, protect organs and allow movement. There are two types of ossification - intramembranous which forms flat bones, and endochondral which forms most other bones through cartilage models. Bones are living tissues that continually remodel through the actions of osteoblasts which build bone and osteoclasts which break it down. Nutrition, exercise, hormones and aging all impact bone remodeling and strength.
Skeletal system
The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, joints and ligaments that work together to support the body, protect organs and allow for movement. There are two types of ossification that can form bone - intramembranous, where bone develops in connective tissue, and endochondral, where bone replaces cartilage. Bones are constantly remodeled through the actions of osteoblasts which build bone and osteoclasts which break it down. Factors like nutrition, hormones, exercise and aging can impact bone remodeling and strength over time.
Bone_lecture_medical_2013.ppt
1. Bone is composed of compact and spongy bone tissues. Compact bone forms the dense outer layer, while spongy bone forms the inner layer with marrow cavities.
2. Bone is made up of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts form new bone, osteocytes are mature bone cells, and osteoclasts resorb old bone.
3. Bones grow in length through endochondral ossification at the growth plates, and increase in width through appositional growth on the surface by osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Skeletal System Anatomy and Physiology
The skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the body's central axis and includes the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax. The skull is composed of two sets of bones - the cranium and facial bones. The cranium is made up of eight flat bones: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
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一比一原版(WashU文凭证书)圣路易斯华盛顿大学毕业证如何办理
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留信网认证的作用:
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留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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国外毕业证学位证成绩单如何办理：
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国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
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一比一原版(OP毕业证)奥塔哥理工学院毕业证成绩单如何办理
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专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
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EV Charging at Multifamily Properties by Kevin Donnelly
Kevin Donnelly gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
一比一原版(AIS毕业证)奥克兰商学院毕业证成绩单如何办理
AIS毕业证【微信95270640】《如何办理AIS毕业证奥克兰商学院文凭学历》【Q微信95270640】《奥克兰商学院文凭学历证书》《奥克兰商学院毕业证书与成绩单样本图片》毕业证书补办 Fake Degree做学费单《毕业证明信-推荐信》成绩单，录取通知书，Offer，在读证明，雅思托福成绩单，真实大使馆教育部认证，回国人员证明，留信网认证。网上存档永久可查！
如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到奥克兰商学院奥克兰商学院毕业证学历书；
3、不清楚流程以及材料该如何准备奥克兰商学院奥克兰商学院毕业证学历书；
4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
5、回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
【★奥克兰商学院奥克兰商学院毕业证学历书毕业证、成绩单等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，与学校100%相同】
【★真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明），使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认】
【★真实教育部认证，教育部存档，教育部留服网站可查】
【★真实留信认证，留信网入库存档，可查奥克兰商学院奥克兰商学院毕业证学历书】
我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助奥克兰商学院同学朋友
你做代理，可以拯救奥克兰商学院失足青年
你做代理，可以挽救奥克兰商学院一个个人才
你做代理，你将是别人人生奥克兰商学院的转折点
你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会的笑连连说记得记得但别忘了拿奖状进城啊考试一结束山娃就迫不及待地给父亲挂电话：爸我拿奖了三好学生接我进城吧父亲果然没有食言第二天就请假回家接山娃离开爷爷奶奶的那一刻山娃又伤心得泪如雨下宛如军人奔赴前线般难舍和悲壮卧空调大巴挤长蛇列车山娃发现车上挤满了叽叽喳喳的同龄人皆一脸惊喜地四处瞅山娃不认识他们也无暇去套近乎一味地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州火车方
Digital Fleet Management - Why Your Business Need It?
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
AadiShakti Projects ( Asp Cranes ) Raipur
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
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- 1. Histology of Bone Tissue
- 2. Histology of Bone Tissue • It contains an abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells • The extracellular matrix contains: – 15 % water – 30 % collagen fibers – 55 % crystallized mineral salts
- 3. Histology of Bone Tissue • Four types of cells are present in bone tissue: – Osteogenic cells – Osteoblasts – Osteocytes – Osteoclasts
- 4. Cells in Bone Tissue Osteogenic cells • They are bone stem cells • The only bone cells to undergo cell division • They form osteoblasts • They are found in: – Inner portion of the periosteum – Endosteum – Canals within bone that contain blood vessels
- 5. Cells in Bone Tissue Osteoblasts • They are bone-building cells • Functions: – Synthesis of collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build ECM – Initiating calcification • As they surround themselves with ECM, they become osteocytes
- 6. Cells in Bone Tissue Osteocytes • Mature bone cells • Their function is to maintain bone tissue’s metabolism • Like osteoblasts, osteocytes do not undergo cell division
- 7. Cells in Bone Tissue Osteoclasts • Huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes • They are concentrated in the endosteum
- 8. Cells in Bone Tissue Osteoclasts • Ruffled border: – Deeply folded plasma membrane – Here the cell releases powerful lysosomal enzymes and acids that results in resorption • Help regulate blood calcium level in response to certain hormones • They are also the target cells for drug therapy used to treat osteoporosis
- 9. Cells in Bone Tissue Osteoclasts • Resorption – Digestion of protein and mineral components of the ECM of bone – It is part of the normal development, growth, maintenance, and repair of bone
- 10. Compact Bone Tissue • Also referred to as cortical or dense bone • It is a type of bone tissue observed at the surface of a bone • It makes up the bulk of the diaphyses of long bones • It is porous, with an abundance of microscopic spaces and canals • It provides protection and support and resists the stresses produced by weight and movement
- 12. Compact Bone Tissue Osteons/haversian systems • Repeating structural units that composes of compact bone • Each osteon consists of concentric lamellae arranged around a central (haversian) canal.
- 13. Compact Bone Tissue Osteons/haversian systems • Concentric lamellae – Circular plates of mineralized ECM of increasing diameter – Surrounds a small network of blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves located in the central canal • Lacunae – Small spaces between the concentric lamellae – They contain osteocytes
- 14. Compact Bone Tissue Osteons/haversian systems • Canaliculi – Tiny small channels radiating in all directions from the lacunae – They are filled with extracellular fluid – Slender fingerlike processes of osteocytes are inside it
- 15. Compact Bone Tissue Osteons/haversian systems • Canaliculi – Connects lacunae with one another and with the central canals • Forming miniature system of interconnected canals throughout the bone – This system provides blood circulation to the osteocytes
- 16. Compact Bone Tissue Osteons/haversian systems • Osteons of long bone are aligned in the direction parallel to the length of the diaphysis – Long bone resists bending or fracturing even when considerable force is applied from either end
- 17. Compact Bone Tissue Osteons/haversian systems • Interstitial lamellae – The lamellae that are contained in the areas between neighboring osteons – It also have lacunae with osteocytes and canaliculi – They are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone growth
- 18. Compact Bone Tissue Osteons/haversian systems • Perforating canals/Volkmann’s canals – Transverse canals through which neuro-vasculatures from the periosteum penetrate the compact bone – Their neuro-vasculatures connect with those of the medullary cavity, periosteum and central canals.
- 19. Compact Bone Tissue Osteons/haversian systems • Circumferential lamellae – Lamellae that are arranged around the entire outer and inner circumference of the shaft of a long bone
- 20. Compact Bone Tissue Osteons/haversian systems • Outer circumferential lamellae – Circumferential lamellae directly deep to the periosteum – They are connected to the periosteum by Sharpey’s fibers • Inner circumferential lamellae – Circumferential lamellae that line the medullary cavity
- 21. Spongy Bone Tissue • Also referred to as trabecular or cancellous bone tissue • They does not contain osteons • It is always covered by a layer of compact bone for protection • It consists of trabeculae
- 22. Spongy Bone Tissue • Trabeculae – Are lamellae that are arranged in an irregular pattern in the spongy bone – Between them there are spaces that are filled with red bone marrow /yellow bone marrow – Each of them consists of concentric lamellae, osteocytes and canaliculi
- 23. Spongy Bone Tissue • Makes up the interior bone tissue of short, flat, sesamoid and irregular bones • In long bones it forms – Core of the epiphyses – Narrow rim bordering the medullary cavity of the diaphysis
- 24. Spongy Bone Tissue • Spongy bone is different from compact bone in two respects. 1. Spongy bone tissue is light ▪ Allows the bone to move more readily when pulled by a skeletal muscle 2. Their trabeculae support and protect the red bone marrow.