The document discusses changes in thought between the 12th and 13th centuries. In the 12th century, Peter Abelard emphasized doubt and inquiry to grasp truth, while Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century argued that God's existence can be proved through reason and motion. Architecturally, the document notes the transition from Romanesque to Gothic styles seen in churches built in Toulouse and Chartres during this period. Examples of chivalry discussed include Eleanor of Aquitaine's tomb effigy and legends featuring knights and their devotion.