Many people experience daily back pain for various reasons. Although many people struggle with this daily pain they still do not take proper care of themselves.
This document discusses the effects of aging on the spine. It covers how aging impacts the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, endplates, facet joints, muscles, ligaments, and the biomechanics of the spinal functional unit. Key changes include a loss of bone mineral density in the vertebrae and endplates, dehydration and stiffening of intervertebral discs, arthritis in the facet joints, and weakening of the muscles and ligaments. These changes alter the load distribution and biomechanics of the spine, increasing risks for conditions like spinal stenosis and fractures. Physiotherapy can help treat age-related spinal symptoms and prevent further deterioration.
TLIF is a minimally invasive approach towards removing degenerative discs in the lumbar spine. If you or someone you know may benefit from a Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion feel free to contact us 1-8SPINECAL-1, doctor@beverlyspine.com, doctor@santamonicaspine.com or via the internet www.santamonicaspine.com or www.beverlyspine.com
The human spine is made up of 33 vertebrae divided into 5 regions. Each region has characteristic structural features that determine its range of motion. The spine's motion is enabled by intervertebral discs composed of a gel-like nucleus pulposus surrounded by the fibrocartilaginous annulus fibrosus. Muscles around the spine facilitate flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. Forces like body weight, ligament tension, muscle tension, and external loads apply compression, shear, bending and torsional stresses to the spine. Improper posture during activities like lifting can damage spinal tissues and cause injuries such as back pain, disc herniation, and fractures.
Recent Advances in Arthroscopic Hip Treatmentcoreinstitute
One of the most exciting and potentially beneficial recent advances in orthopedic surgery has been the use of arthroscopy to repair injuries of the hip joint. View this presentation to learn more about this advance in hip treatment.
Poor posture can lead to chronic muscle pain and back injuries because it places the body in unnatural positions that fatigue muscles and joints. Ergonomics aims to reduce such discomfort through proper posture and workstation setup. Good posture involves keeping the back, neck, and extremities aligned in straight and balanced positions to avoid fatigue and injury over long periods. Maintaining straight wrists, straight back supported by lumbar cushions, and knees level with hips helps prevent issues like carpal tunnel and tendonitis.
The document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the spinal column. It describes the key bones, intervertebral discs, joints, ligaments, and muscles of the spine. The spine consists of 23 intervertebral discs that separate the vertebrae and allow mobility. The discs are avascular and receive nutrients through diffusion. They act to absorb compression and facilitate flexion, extension, rotation and lateral flexion. Motion of the spine occurs through a complex interplay of bones, discs, joints, ligaments and muscles.
Total knee replacement surgery aims to relieve pain and restore mobility and function. It involves replacing damaged cartilage and bone in the knee joint with prosthetic components. Pre-operative evaluation assesses a patient's medical history, physical exam, labs, and risk factors. Post-operatively, patients undergo physical therapy including range of motion exercises to regain mobility while avoiding high-impact activities. Nursing care focuses on wound monitoring, pain management, and early ambulation to aid recovery.
This document discusses the biomechanics of the normal and replaced knee. It covers the axes of motion of the lower limb, tibiofemoral motion including flexion, extension, rotation, and stability mechanisms like muscles, ligaments, and menisci. It then discusses the goals and designs of total knee replacements, including whether to retain or sacrifice the cruciate ligaments, the use of cam and spine mechanisms to substitute for the PCL, and considerations for femoral and tibial implant design. Recent research topics discussed include the adductor moment, rotatory knee arthritis, and the shape of the tibial plateau.
This document discusses the effects of aging on the spine. It covers how aging impacts the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, endplates, facet joints, muscles, ligaments, and the biomechanics of the spinal functional unit. Key changes include a loss of bone mineral density in the vertebrae and endplates, dehydration and stiffening of intervertebral discs, arthritis in the facet joints, and weakening of the muscles and ligaments. These changes alter the load distribution and biomechanics of the spine, increasing risks for conditions like spinal stenosis and fractures. Physiotherapy can help treat age-related spinal symptoms and prevent further deterioration.
TLIF is a minimally invasive approach towards removing degenerative discs in the lumbar spine. If you or someone you know may benefit from a Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion feel free to contact us 1-8SPINECAL-1, doctor@beverlyspine.com, doctor@santamonicaspine.com or via the internet www.santamonicaspine.com or www.beverlyspine.com
The human spine is made up of 33 vertebrae divided into 5 regions. Each region has characteristic structural features that determine its range of motion. The spine's motion is enabled by intervertebral discs composed of a gel-like nucleus pulposus surrounded by the fibrocartilaginous annulus fibrosus. Muscles around the spine facilitate flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. Forces like body weight, ligament tension, muscle tension, and external loads apply compression, shear, bending and torsional stresses to the spine. Improper posture during activities like lifting can damage spinal tissues and cause injuries such as back pain, disc herniation, and fractures.
Recent Advances in Arthroscopic Hip Treatmentcoreinstitute
One of the most exciting and potentially beneficial recent advances in orthopedic surgery has been the use of arthroscopy to repair injuries of the hip joint. View this presentation to learn more about this advance in hip treatment.
Poor posture can lead to chronic muscle pain and back injuries because it places the body in unnatural positions that fatigue muscles and joints. Ergonomics aims to reduce such discomfort through proper posture and workstation setup. Good posture involves keeping the back, neck, and extremities aligned in straight and balanced positions to avoid fatigue and injury over long periods. Maintaining straight wrists, straight back supported by lumbar cushions, and knees level with hips helps prevent issues like carpal tunnel and tendonitis.
The document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the spinal column. It describes the key bones, intervertebral discs, joints, ligaments, and muscles of the spine. The spine consists of 23 intervertebral discs that separate the vertebrae and allow mobility. The discs are avascular and receive nutrients through diffusion. They act to absorb compression and facilitate flexion, extension, rotation and lateral flexion. Motion of the spine occurs through a complex interplay of bones, discs, joints, ligaments and muscles.
Total knee replacement surgery aims to relieve pain and restore mobility and function. It involves replacing damaged cartilage and bone in the knee joint with prosthetic components. Pre-operative evaluation assesses a patient's medical history, physical exam, labs, and risk factors. Post-operatively, patients undergo physical therapy including range of motion exercises to regain mobility while avoiding high-impact activities. Nursing care focuses on wound monitoring, pain management, and early ambulation to aid recovery.
This document discusses the biomechanics of the normal and replaced knee. It covers the axes of motion of the lower limb, tibiofemoral motion including flexion, extension, rotation, and stability mechanisms like muscles, ligaments, and menisci. It then discusses the goals and designs of total knee replacements, including whether to retain or sacrifice the cruciate ligaments, the use of cam and spine mechanisms to substitute for the PCL, and considerations for femoral and tibial implant design. Recent research topics discussed include the adductor moment, rotatory knee arthritis, and the shape of the tibial plateau.
The document discusses different types of knee prostheses from least to most constrained, including cruciate-retaining, posterior-stabilized, constrained non-hinged, and constrained hinged designs. It covers indications, advantages, disadvantages, and key design aspects such as femoral rollback and radiographic appearance for each type. Mobile bearing and all-polyethylene designs are also briefly discussed.
this PPT contain detailed kinetics & kinematics of ankle joint & all joints of foot complex, muscles of ankle & foot complex, plantar arches & weight distribution during standing.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the thoracic and lumbar spine, including bony anatomy, articulations, ligamentous anatomy, muscular anatomy, and neuroanatomy. Key details include the 5 lumbar vertebrae with transverse processes, spinous processes, and facet joints. Intervertebral discs provide shock absorption and mobility. Ligaments like the anterior longitudinal ligament limit extension while the posterior longitudinal ligament limits flexion. Intrinsic back muscles like the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum control movement. The lumbar and sacral plexuses arise from nerve roots to innervate the lower extremities.
The document discusses the anatomy of the upper limbs as seen on MRI scans. It begins by describing the overall structure of the upper limb, including its sections and components. It then examines each section in more detail, describing the bones, joints, nerves, arteries, and muscles of the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand. The document also includes several MRI images showing cross-sectional anatomy of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and surrounding structures.
This document discusses spinal orthosis and cervical orthosis. It provides an overview of the principles and indications for orthotic devices. Specifically, it outlines the functions of orthosis in relieving pain, immobilizing joints, reducing weight bearing, preventing and correcting deformities, and improving function. It also describes different types of cervical orthosis including soft collars, Philadelphia collars, and halo vests. The key objectives of spinal orthosis are to control spinal position, apply corrective forces, and aid stability.
The document discusses the anatomy of the vertebral column. It describes the regional characteristics and structures of the typical cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. It also covers age-related changes to the vertebrae, common spinal pathologies like spondylosis and spondylolisthesis, radiologic anatomy of the spine, and clinical procedures involving the vertebral column.
This document discusses the biomechanics of various knee ligaments including the medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). It describes the anatomy and function of each ligament, noting that they resist different motions like valgus, varus, anterior/posterior tibial translation, and rotation. The roles and tensions of the ligaments change with knee position. Muscle forces can also impact ligament strains.
The carrying angle of the elbow is the angle between the longitudinal axes of the upper arm and forearm. It averages 13.6 degrees in females and 6.7 degrees in males. The carrying angle increases progressively from childhood to age 16 and plays an important role in activities of daily living. Abnormal carrying angles outside of 5-15 degrees can indicate conditions like cubitus valgus or varus. Repetitive overhead motions like throwing can place stress on the medial elbow ligaments and lead to injuries or tears over time. Accurate measurement and assessment of the carrying angle is important for managing elbow injuries and planning reconstructive surgeries.
The Pelvis and Hip: Function and Anatomy Jill Costley
Anatomy and function of the hip joint from my Strength and Conditioning placement at the Sports Institute of Northern Ireland (SINI). Includes the pelvic girdle, the femoroacetabular joint, common bony landmarks, musculature, range of motion, pelvic tilt, movement tests, associated conditions and more. Athletes names have been replaced with ''Athlete 1'' etc. to maintain confidentiality. Feel free to give some critical feedback.
Good posture involves training the body to stand, sit, walk and lie in positions that place the least strain on muscles and ligaments during activities. This helps align bones and joints properly, reduces wear and tear on joints, decreases spine strain, prevents the spine from becoming fixed, and prevents backaches and fatigue. Maintaining good posture requires normal joint range of motion, muscle length and strength, nerve flexibility, spatial awareness, and developing good posture habits.
The document summarizes the muscles of the upper limb. It describes the four segments that make up the upper limb: shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand. It then provides details on the muscles within each segment, including their origins, insertions, actions, and nerve supplies. Key muscles described include the pectoralis major, deltoid, biceps, triceps, and rotator cuff muscles. The document also outlines the movements of the shoulder joint.
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Elbow Jointorthoprince
The elbow is stabilized both statically by bony articulations and ligaments, and dynamically by muscles. The three primary static stabilizers are the ulnohumeral articulation, anterior bundle of the MCL, and lateral collateral ligament complex. Muscles that cross the elbow act as dynamic stabilizers. The coronoid process, radial head, and ligaments all play important roles in stability, with the MCL and LCL being the primary soft tissue constraints. Proper biomechanics and force distribution across the elbow joint are necessary for normal function.
Posture is a “position or attitude of the body a relative arrangement of body part
for a specific activity or a characteristic manner of bearing the body”.
Arthroplasty is a reconstructive surgery to restore joint motion and function or relieve pain by replacing damaged bone and joint surfaces with prosthetic implants. The document discusses various types of arthroplasty including hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty. It describes the principles of arthroplasty, techniques, approaches, and potential complications for each type of joint replacement surgery.
The document provides an overview of biomechanics and mechanics of several major joints in the human body. It discusses the introduction to biomechanics, types of joints, and mechanics of key joints including the elbow, shoulder, vertebral column, hip, knee, and ankle. For each joint, it describes the relevant bones, muscles, ligaments, and types of movements allowed. The document serves as a concise reference for understanding the biomechanics of major load-bearing joints in the human musculoskeletal system.
Total knee replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure to replace the cartilage and bone surfaces of the knee joint. The knee joint is made up of the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella bones. During TKR, the surgeon removes damaged or diseased bone and cartilage and replaces them with prosthetic components. This allows the knee to function smoothly again. Common reasons for TKR include osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. With proper rehabilitation, most patients experience reduced pain and improved mobility following surgery. However, there are risks such as infection, blood clots, and prosthesis failure. With exercise and healthy lifestyle choices, TKR typically provides excellent long-term outcomes.
Correcting Varus Deformity of the Knee in Total Knee ReplacementVaibhav Bagaria
This document discusses the varus knee, including:
1. Classification of varus knee deformities into intraarticular, metaphyseal, extraarticular, and PAGODA deformity.
2. The sequential approach to correction involves assessing and classifying the deformity, performing a medial release through multiple structures, osteophyte removal, and bone realignment through techniques like shift and resect or pie crusting if needed.
3. Key steps are creating a medial sleeve through layered release of the MCL and other medial structures, complete removal of osteophytes that can impede correction, and balancing flexion and extension gaps.
Total hip replacement involves replacing the ball and socket joints of the hip with prosthetic components. The procedure involves removing the damaged femoral head and reaming the acetabulum. A metal shell is placed in the acetabulum and a stem with a replacement femoral head is inserted into the femur. Exercises after surgery are important for restoring hip mobility and strength. Complications can include blood clots, infection, and dislocation but improvements in technique and technology have increased the effectiveness of hip replacements.
The document discusses complications that can occur after total knee replacement surgery. Some specific complications mentioned include blood clots, infection, problems with the prosthetic implant like loosening or dislocation, complications from anesthesia like heart attack or stroke, injuries to nerves or blood vessels during surgery, and differences in leg length after surgery. Reducing risks requires preventative measures like blood thinners, support stockings, and antibiotics for future procedures to prevent infection.
This document discusses the surgical anatomy and treatment of varus knee deformities. It describes Maquet's line and how it is medialized in varus knees. It then classifies varus deformities into 5 categories and details the surgical steps to correct it, including: creating a medial sleeve; removing osteophytes; checking and releasing ligaments like PCL, semimembranosus, and superficial MCL if gaps remain tight; and lateralizing the tibial component by shifting and reducing it. The goal is to create symmetrical extension and flexion gaps and restore the mechanical axis.
The document summarizes key events that have shaped the author's family history and life. It discusses ancestors who fought in the Civil War, immigrated to the US through Ellis Island in the early 1900s, and helped the author learn to swim. The author's family tree traces back to ancestors from France, Germany, and England, and includes obituaries and records from past generations.
The document discusses different types of knee prostheses from least to most constrained, including cruciate-retaining, posterior-stabilized, constrained non-hinged, and constrained hinged designs. It covers indications, advantages, disadvantages, and key design aspects such as femoral rollback and radiographic appearance for each type. Mobile bearing and all-polyethylene designs are also briefly discussed.
this PPT contain detailed kinetics & kinematics of ankle joint & all joints of foot complex, muscles of ankle & foot complex, plantar arches & weight distribution during standing.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the thoracic and lumbar spine, including bony anatomy, articulations, ligamentous anatomy, muscular anatomy, and neuroanatomy. Key details include the 5 lumbar vertebrae with transverse processes, spinous processes, and facet joints. Intervertebral discs provide shock absorption and mobility. Ligaments like the anterior longitudinal ligament limit extension while the posterior longitudinal ligament limits flexion. Intrinsic back muscles like the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum control movement. The lumbar and sacral plexuses arise from nerve roots to innervate the lower extremities.
The document discusses the anatomy of the upper limbs as seen on MRI scans. It begins by describing the overall structure of the upper limb, including its sections and components. It then examines each section in more detail, describing the bones, joints, nerves, arteries, and muscles of the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand. The document also includes several MRI images showing cross-sectional anatomy of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and surrounding structures.
This document discusses spinal orthosis and cervical orthosis. It provides an overview of the principles and indications for orthotic devices. Specifically, it outlines the functions of orthosis in relieving pain, immobilizing joints, reducing weight bearing, preventing and correcting deformities, and improving function. It also describes different types of cervical orthosis including soft collars, Philadelphia collars, and halo vests. The key objectives of spinal orthosis are to control spinal position, apply corrective forces, and aid stability.
The document discusses the anatomy of the vertebral column. It describes the regional characteristics and structures of the typical cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. It also covers age-related changes to the vertebrae, common spinal pathologies like spondylosis and spondylolisthesis, radiologic anatomy of the spine, and clinical procedures involving the vertebral column.
This document discusses the biomechanics of various knee ligaments including the medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). It describes the anatomy and function of each ligament, noting that they resist different motions like valgus, varus, anterior/posterior tibial translation, and rotation. The roles and tensions of the ligaments change with knee position. Muscle forces can also impact ligament strains.
The carrying angle of the elbow is the angle between the longitudinal axes of the upper arm and forearm. It averages 13.6 degrees in females and 6.7 degrees in males. The carrying angle increases progressively from childhood to age 16 and plays an important role in activities of daily living. Abnormal carrying angles outside of 5-15 degrees can indicate conditions like cubitus valgus or varus. Repetitive overhead motions like throwing can place stress on the medial elbow ligaments and lead to injuries or tears over time. Accurate measurement and assessment of the carrying angle is important for managing elbow injuries and planning reconstructive surgeries.
The Pelvis and Hip: Function and Anatomy Jill Costley
Anatomy and function of the hip joint from my Strength and Conditioning placement at the Sports Institute of Northern Ireland (SINI). Includes the pelvic girdle, the femoroacetabular joint, common bony landmarks, musculature, range of motion, pelvic tilt, movement tests, associated conditions and more. Athletes names have been replaced with ''Athlete 1'' etc. to maintain confidentiality. Feel free to give some critical feedback.
Good posture involves training the body to stand, sit, walk and lie in positions that place the least strain on muscles and ligaments during activities. This helps align bones and joints properly, reduces wear and tear on joints, decreases spine strain, prevents the spine from becoming fixed, and prevents backaches and fatigue. Maintaining good posture requires normal joint range of motion, muscle length and strength, nerve flexibility, spatial awareness, and developing good posture habits.
The document summarizes the muscles of the upper limb. It describes the four segments that make up the upper limb: shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand. It then provides details on the muscles within each segment, including their origins, insertions, actions, and nerve supplies. Key muscles described include the pectoralis major, deltoid, biceps, triceps, and rotator cuff muscles. The document also outlines the movements of the shoulder joint.
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Elbow Jointorthoprince
The elbow is stabilized both statically by bony articulations and ligaments, and dynamically by muscles. The three primary static stabilizers are the ulnohumeral articulation, anterior bundle of the MCL, and lateral collateral ligament complex. Muscles that cross the elbow act as dynamic stabilizers. The coronoid process, radial head, and ligaments all play important roles in stability, with the MCL and LCL being the primary soft tissue constraints. Proper biomechanics and force distribution across the elbow joint are necessary for normal function.
Posture is a “position or attitude of the body a relative arrangement of body part
for a specific activity or a characteristic manner of bearing the body”.
Arthroplasty is a reconstructive surgery to restore joint motion and function or relieve pain by replacing damaged bone and joint surfaces with prosthetic implants. The document discusses various types of arthroplasty including hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty. It describes the principles of arthroplasty, techniques, approaches, and potential complications for each type of joint replacement surgery.
The document provides an overview of biomechanics and mechanics of several major joints in the human body. It discusses the introduction to biomechanics, types of joints, and mechanics of key joints including the elbow, shoulder, vertebral column, hip, knee, and ankle. For each joint, it describes the relevant bones, muscles, ligaments, and types of movements allowed. The document serves as a concise reference for understanding the biomechanics of major load-bearing joints in the human musculoskeletal system.
Total knee replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure to replace the cartilage and bone surfaces of the knee joint. The knee joint is made up of the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella bones. During TKR, the surgeon removes damaged or diseased bone and cartilage and replaces them with prosthetic components. This allows the knee to function smoothly again. Common reasons for TKR include osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. With proper rehabilitation, most patients experience reduced pain and improved mobility following surgery. However, there are risks such as infection, blood clots, and prosthesis failure. With exercise and healthy lifestyle choices, TKR typically provides excellent long-term outcomes.
Correcting Varus Deformity of the Knee in Total Knee ReplacementVaibhav Bagaria
This document discusses the varus knee, including:
1. Classification of varus knee deformities into intraarticular, metaphyseal, extraarticular, and PAGODA deformity.
2. The sequential approach to correction involves assessing and classifying the deformity, performing a medial release through multiple structures, osteophyte removal, and bone realignment through techniques like shift and resect or pie crusting if needed.
3. Key steps are creating a medial sleeve through layered release of the MCL and other medial structures, complete removal of osteophytes that can impede correction, and balancing flexion and extension gaps.
Total hip replacement involves replacing the ball and socket joints of the hip with prosthetic components. The procedure involves removing the damaged femoral head and reaming the acetabulum. A metal shell is placed in the acetabulum and a stem with a replacement femoral head is inserted into the femur. Exercises after surgery are important for restoring hip mobility and strength. Complications can include blood clots, infection, and dislocation but improvements in technique and technology have increased the effectiveness of hip replacements.
The document discusses complications that can occur after total knee replacement surgery. Some specific complications mentioned include blood clots, infection, problems with the prosthetic implant like loosening or dislocation, complications from anesthesia like heart attack or stroke, injuries to nerves or blood vessels during surgery, and differences in leg length after surgery. Reducing risks requires preventative measures like blood thinners, support stockings, and antibiotics for future procedures to prevent infection.
This document discusses the surgical anatomy and treatment of varus knee deformities. It describes Maquet's line and how it is medialized in varus knees. It then classifies varus deformities into 5 categories and details the surgical steps to correct it, including: creating a medial sleeve; removing osteophytes; checking and releasing ligaments like PCL, semimembranosus, and superficial MCL if gaps remain tight; and lateralizing the tibial component by shifting and reducing it. The goal is to create symmetrical extension and flexion gaps and restore the mechanical axis.
The document summarizes key events that have shaped the author's family history and life. It discusses ancestors who fought in the Civil War, immigrated to the US through Ellis Island in the early 1900s, and helped the author learn to swim. The author's family tree traces back to ancestors from France, Germany, and England, and includes obituaries and records from past generations.
The document discusses ways for parents to help prevent back problems in children by monitoring the weight of their backpacks and choosing lighter carrying options. It recommends that backpacks not exceed 15% of a child's body weight and provides alternatives like roller bags and digital textbooks. The document also stresses the importance of regular doctor checkups to identify potential back issues early through screening for problems like spine degeneration and bone spurs.
The document summarizes key events that have shaped the author's family history and life. It discusses ancestors who fought in the Civil War, immigrated to the US through Ellis Island in the early 1900s, and helped the author learn to swim. The author's family tree traces back to ancestors from France, Germany, and England, and includes obituaries and records from past generations.
The global outsourcing industry is constantly evolving through new contracting award characteristics and an expanding universe of successful service providers. ISG's TPI Index helps industry participants, enterprises and organizations keep pace and capitalize from the latest data on outsourcing trends. It is the authoritative source for marketplace intelligence related to outsourcing: transaction structures and terms, industry adoption, geographic prevalence and service provider metrics.
ACV down slightly for the year on weaker than typical 4Q results. Number of mega relationship contracts up for 2012, lifting ACV when overall contract numbers were down. BPO expanded on several large deals while ITO performance was off for 2012. Asia Pacific surged in 2012 while EMEA struggled on a weak first half. Guarded optimism for 2013 with a possible slowdown second quarter.
Short story writing tips from Shortstorylovers.commarkrobert2012
Great short story writing tips by shortstorylovers.com everybody should keep in mind before writing any short story. By keeping these points you can write short stories like a real writer.
This document provides an overview of structural design codes internationally. It discusses the Construction Products Directive and Eurocodes implemented in Europe to harmonize building regulations across countries. The Construction Products Directive establishes six essential performance requirements for construction products. Countries can comply via harmonized European standards or European Technical Approval. The Eurocodes define building performance and contain formulas to calculate structural design. They have been adopted by several European countries who have published National Application Documents.
1. Lumbar spinal fusion surgery involves permanently fusing together two or more vertebrae in the lower back to stop painful motion and decrease back pain from injuries like herniated discs or spondylolisthesis.
2. During the surgery, bone grafts and hardware like screws and rods are used to fuse the vertebrae together and create a solid, stable portion of the spine.
3. Minimally invasive techniques for lumbar fusion use smaller incisions and cause less muscle damage, resulting in less pain, blood loss, and shorter recovery times compared to traditional open fusion surgery.
A herniated disc occurs when the outer layer of an intervertebral disc tears, allowing the gel-like inner nucleus pulposus to bulge out. This can press on nerves and cause pain. While most herniated discs heal on their own, surgery may be recommended if conservative treatments like medication and physical therapy do not provide relief. Common surgical procedures to treat a herniated disc include endoscopic spine surgery, discectomy to remove the bulging disc material, and laminectomy to remove part of the vertebrae pressing on nerves. Recovery from herniated disc surgery typically involves avoiding strenuous activities for 4 weeks to prevent re-injury while allowing time to heal.
This document discusses various types of brain and spinal surgeries performed by Armancare including: microsurgery for brain tumors, endoscopic brain surgery, skull base surgery, brain trauma surgery, spinal decompression, spinal fusion, vertebroplasty, and kyphoplasty. It then focuses on decompression surgery and spinal fusion, describing how decompression surgery removes bone and disc material to relieve pressure on nerves while fusion fuses vertebrae to decrease pain. Microdiscectomy and laminectomy are discussed as common decompression procedures.
USMLE MSK L002 Back Ligamnets and muscles of back.pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The anatomy of the back is complex and involves a combination of bones, muscles, nerves, and other structures that provide support, protection, and mobility.
The back is generally divided into several regions, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.
Understanding the anatomy of the back is essential for healthcare professionals, including orthopedic specialists, physical therapists, and chiropractors, as well as for individuals interested in maintaining back health and preventing injuries.
The document discusses intervertebral discs, disc degeneration, and lumbar disc hernia. It begins by describing the structure and function of intervertebral discs located between vertebrae, which allow movement while absorbing shock. Disc degeneration occurs as the water content in the nucleus pulposus decreases with age or trauma, reducing the ability to carry loads. A herniated disc can result from a tear in the annulus fibrosis layer, causing the nucleus pulposus to be displaced and potentially press on nerves, resulting in back and leg pain. Non-surgical treatments for herniated discs include rest, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy and exercises, with the goal of improving physical function and protecting the spine to
Dr. Dheeraj Bojwani is a medical consultant who assists patients in receiving spine surgeries in India. Spine surgeries are generally only considered after non-surgical treatments have failed to provide relief over 6-12 months for conditions like spinal stenosis, sciatica, spondylolisthesis or degenerative scoliosis. Common spine surgeries include discectomy, foraminotomy, spine fusion, and spinal disc replacement. India offers high quality spine surgeries at world-class hospitals for costs that are 40-70% lower than procedures in countries like the US or UK. Medical tourists are able to combine their surgical treatment and recovery with vacation time in India's various cities and
USMLE MSK L001 Back Vertebral column-pelvic girdle.pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The human back is a remarkable and intricate structure composed of various interconnected elements, each contributing to its overall function. This complex anatomy is crucial for providing support, protection, and mobility throughout the body. Understanding the intricate details of back anatomy is paramount for healthcare professionals specializing in musculoskeletal health, rehabilitation, and spinal disorders. Moreover, individuals interested in maintaining back health can benefit from this knowledge to make informed decisions regarding posture, exercise, and injury prevention strategies.
Regular exercise, proper ergonomics, and attention to overall spinal health contribute to the well-being of the back and its multifaceted functions.
The document summarizes the biomechanics of the spine, including its main structures and movements. It discusses the 33 vertebrae divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions. It describes the normal spinal curvatures and mobile spinal segments composed of vertebrae and discs. The document outlines the anterior and posterior portions of spinal segments, facets, processes, and ligaments. It also summarizes the range of motion at each level and coupling of spinal movements, as well as the main flexor and extensor muscles.
Strengthen your back exercises to build a better back and improve your postureflaviodenovaro
This document provides an overview of back and neck anatomy. It describes the structure of the spine, including the 7 cervical vertebrae in the neck, 12 thoracic vertebrae in the midback, and 5 lumbar vertebrae in the lower back. It details how the vertebrae are linked together through facet joints between the articular processes. The document also outlines the bones, muscles, ligaments, and nerves that surround and support the spinal column.
The document provides an overview of the structure and function of the spine. It discusses the history of chiropractics, the natural curves of the spine, the muscle groups that support it, the individual bones (vertebrae) that make up the spinal column, the spinal cord and nerves, and how damage to the spine or cord can impact movement and sensation. Maintaining good posture through exercise is important for keeping the spine healthy.
Spinal decompression therapy is a non-surgical treatment that uses distraction and relaxation phases to isolate and place spinal discs under negative pressure, pulling herniated or protruding disc material back inside. This increases blood flow and stimulates healing, reducing pain. Studies show it has a high success rate for back, neck, leg and arm pain caused by disc issues. Computer control ensures precise force application in a way that minimizes friction and stabilizes the upper back while decompressing the lower back. Research found 10-90% reduction in disc herniations and 84% of patients remained pain-free three months post-treatment.
The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae that provide mobility but less stability than other regions of the spine. It has three subsystems that contribute to stability - passive (bones and ligaments), active (muscles), and neural control. Cervical instability occurs when the neutral zone between ranges of motion increases, the stabilizing subsystems can no longer compensate, and motion quality becomes poor. It can result from trauma, surgery, disease, or degeneration and often involves pain.
This document provides an overview of various products and therapies available to treat back pain. It discusses inversion tables, continuous passive motion mobilizers, TENS units, heat/cold therapies, magnet therapy, ultrasound, and back supports/braces. While some alternative treatments lack scientific evidence, inversion therapy and continuous passive motion have been shown to help reduce back pain for many patients by decompressing the spine and restoring mobility. The document emphasizes consulting a doctor and using a multifaceted treatment approach for back pain.
The core consists of 29 pairs of muscles that stabilize the spine, pelvis, and kinetic chain during movement. These muscles work together to distribute forces and generate mobility with minimal stress on joints. Core stability exercises are important for spinal stability by maintaining normal spinal displacement under load. Stability relies on neuromuscular control as well as passive bone and ligament support and active muscle contraction. A complete core program addresses both sensory and motor aspects to optimize stability through coordination of local and global muscles.
Herniated disk in the lower back agrasen hospital dr sandeep agrawal gondia v...Dr.Sandeep Agrawal Gondia
Back Pain
Back pain is often a common symptom of many disease conditions and the back pain may range from simple or dull pain to sudden and sharp pain. If the pain persists for few days, it is acute pain whereas if continues for more than 3 months, it is considered as chronic pain. In most cases, back pain may resolve without any treatment however if persists for more than 3 days, medical intervention is necessary.
Neck Pain
The first 7 vertebral bones on the spinal column form the cervical spine and are located in the neck region. The neck bears the weight of the head, allows significant amount of movement, and also less protected than other parts of spine. All these factors make the neck more susceptible to injury or other painful disorders. Common neck pain may occur from muscle strain or tension in everyday activities including poor posture, prolonged use of a computer and sleeping in an uncomfortable position.
Spinal Deformity Surgery
The Spine or backbone provides stability to the upper part of our body. It helps to hold the body upright. It consists of several irregularly shaped bones, called vertebrae appearing in a straight line. The spine has two gentle curves, when looked from the side and appears to be straight when viewed from the front. When these curves are exaggerated, pronounced problems can occur such as back pain, breathing difficulties and fatigue and the condition will be considered as deformity. Spine deformity can be defined as abnormality in the shape, curvature and flexibility of spine.
Spine Injections
Spine injection is a nonsurgical treatment modality recommended for treatment of chronic back pain. Injection of certain medicinal agents relieves the pain by blocking the nerve signals between specific areas of the body and the brain. The treatment approach involves injections of local anaesthetics, steroids, or narcotics into the affected soft tissues, joints, or nerve roots. It may also involve complex nerve blocks and spinal cord stimulation.
Spine Trauma
Spine trauma is damage to the spine caused from a sudden traumatic injury caused by an accidental fall or any other physical injury. Spinal injuries may occur while playing, performing normal activities, operating heavy machines, lifting heavy objects, driving automobiles, or when you suffer a fall. Injury to spine may cause various conditions including fractures, dislocation, partial misalignment (subluxation), disc compression (herniated disc), hematoma (accumulation of blood) and partial or complete tears of ligaments.
Vertebral Fractures
Vertebral compression fractures occur when the normal vertebral body of the spine is squeezed or compressed. The bone collapses when too much pressure is placed on the vertebrae, resulting in pain, limited mobility, loss of height, and spinal deformities. In severe compression fractures the vertebral body is pushed into the spinal canal which will apply pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.
This video explains Lumbar Disc Replacement in Detail. When degenerative disc disease begins to affect the spine this is called degenerative disc disease. This video highlights the history, epidemiology, and treatment options both conservative and surgical. If you or someone you know needs to be seen in regards to Lumbar Disc Replacement feel free to look us up online www.beverlyspine.com or www.santamonicaspine.com OR call toll free 1-8SPINECAL-1
The document discusses the structure and function of the spine. It describes the individual bones of the spine, including the 24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx. It explains that the spine has natural curves that are important for health. Vertebral subluxations can occur when vertebrae become misaligned, which may affect nerves and be linked to various health issues. Chiropractors detect and correct subluxations using techniques like palpation, range of motion tests, and adjustments.
The cervical spine is divided into two segments. The upper segment consists of the atlas and axis and is designed for mobility, allowing for one-third of cervical flexion and extension and over half of axial rotation. The lower segment consists of vertebrae C3-C7 and contributes to overall mobility. Five special tests relate directly to the cervical spine: the distraction test, compression test, valsalva test, swallowing test, and Adson's test, which help identify pain locations and underlying pathologies.
A herniated disk occurs when the inner nucleus pulposus protrudes through damage to the outer annulus fibrosus. Common symptoms include low back pain radiating into the leg. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging like MRI, and sometimes electromyography. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy, spinal manipulation, injections, and possibly surgery if conservative options fail. Prevention focuses on education, proper lifting technique, exercise to strengthen the back, and maintaining a healthy weight.
This document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the spine. It begins by identifying the main regions and curves of the spine, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions. It then discusses the normal curvatures seen in the cervical and lumbar regions. The rest of the document details the structures that make up each vertebral segment including the intervertebral discs and facet joints. It explains the biomechanics of spinal movement including coupling and the roles of the muscles in flexion, extension, and lateral bending. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of spinal anatomy and function.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
4. The spine may be the single most important bone in the human body. Home to the
crucial spinal cord, this vertebral column is composed of 26 smaller and irregular
bones that extend from the base of the skull to the back of the pelvis. This spine is
cushioned by a soft substance called a disk, which protects and seals the bones to
one another. This particular bone also functions as a communication medium for
the brain by transmitted and receiving signals through the spinal cord. In this
skeletal structure, the 26 bones are grouped into several divisions that contain their
own functions to the human body.
The lumbar portion supports the lower back of the human body, therefore enables an
individual to bend forward and extend backwards, as well as bending to the side.
Much of a human’s daily activities involved these motions, but years and years of
these repeated motions will result in the gradual wearing down of lumbar bones and
discs, and increased pain and pressure.
6. The spine may be the single
most important bone in the
human body. Home to the
crucial spinal cord, this
vertebral column is composed of
26 smaller and irregular bones
that extend from the base of
the skull to the back of the
pelvis
Repair Herniated Disc --
http://www.cervicalspinesurgeon
.com
7. Treatment for Pinched Nerve --
http://www.cervicalspinesurgeon.com
8. Spinal Cord Surgery --
http://www.cervicalspinesurgeon.com
9. Lumbar spine surgery can correct any deviation and alleviate any pain you
may have in this lower portion of your spine. This procedure will remove any
damaged parts while enlarging the spinal canal to ease pressure and performs
as a pinched nerve treatment as well. The crucial step for this procedure is to
undergo a CT scan or MRI to determine the amount and location of the
damage. Once the precise areas have been detected, then the operation may
begin.
The main purpose of the lumbar spine surgery is to allow healthy bone
segments to regrow and fuse together to rebuild a proper and functional spine
again. The removal process will not only reduce a lot of pain and pressure on
the back, but will alleviate the aching pinched nerve affected.
10. Bone Spurs
http://www.cervicalspinesurgeon.com/index