HEPATITIS B IS A LIVER INFECTION CAUSED BY THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS(HBV).HBV IS ONE OF THE FIVE TYPES OF VIRAL HEPATITIS.THE OTHERS ARE HEPATITIS A,C,D, AND E. EACH IS A DIFFERENT TYPE OF VIRUS,AND TYPES B AND C ARE MOST LIKELY TO BECOME CHRONIC.

1. ESTAM FORMATION UNIVERSITY, SEME
CAMPUS, BENIN REPUBLIC
• ANTHONY-NWAEKE ABIGAIL
• FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
• DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
• 300 LEVEL

2. HEPATITIS B

3. HEPATITIS B
• HEPATITIS B IS A LIVER INFECTION CAUSED
BY THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS(HBV).HBV IS ONE
OF THE FIVE TYPES OF VIRAL HEPATITIS.THE
OTHERS ARE HEPATITIS A,C,D, AND E. EACH IS
A DIFFERENT TYPE OF VIRUS,AND TYPES B
AND C ARE MOST LIKELY TO BECOME
CHRONIC.
• ACCORDING TO THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE
AND CONTROL PREVENTION (CDC),AROUND
296 MILLION PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD
ARE LIVING WITH HEPATITIS B AND AROUND
1.5 MILLION NEWLY CONTRACTED CHRONIC
HEPATITIS B IN 2019.
• HBV INFECTION CAN BE ACUTE OR CHRONIC.

4. • ACUTE HBV CAUSES
SYMPTOMS TO APPEAR
QUICKLY IN
ADULTS.INFANTS WHO
CONTRACT IT AT BIRTH
RARELY DEVELOP ONLY
ACUTE HEPATITIS
B.NEARLY ALL HEPATITIS
B INFECTIONS IN
INFANTS GO ON TO
BECOME CHRONIC
• CHRONIC HEPATITIS
B DEVELOPS
SLOWLY.SYMPTOMS
MAY NOT BE
NOTICEABLE
UNLESS
COMPLICATIONS
DEVELOP.

5. SYMPTOMS
• FATIGUE
• DARK URINE
• JOINT AND MUSCLE PAIN
• LOSS OF APPETITE
• FEVER
• ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT
• WEAKNESS
• YELLOWING OF THE WHITES OF
THE EYES(SCLERA) AND
SKIN(JAUNDICE)

6. CAUSES/RISK FACTORS
• HEPATITIS B IS A VIRAL INFECTION THAT’S
SPREAD THROUGH BLOOD OR OTHER BODILY
FLUIDS,INCLUDING SEMEN OR VAGINAL
FLUIDS.
SOME OF THE WAYS THAT HEPATITIS B CAN BE
SPREAD INCLUDE:
•HAVING SEX WITH A PERSON WHO HAS HBV
WITHOUT USING CONDOM OR OTHER BARRIER
METHODS
•SHARING TOOTBRUSHES,RAZORS OR NAIL
CLIPPERS THAT HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO BLOOD
•RECEIVING A TATOO OR BODY PIERCING WITH
EQUIPMENT THAT HAS NOT BEEN STERILIZED
•FROM A BIRHING PARENT TO A NEW BORN
BABY

7. DIAGNOSIS
• DOCTORS CAN USUALLY DIAGNOSE
HEPATITIS B WITH BLOOD TESTS.
THESE BLOOD TESTS INCLUDES:
•HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN TEST
• HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIBODY TEST
• HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIBODY TEST
• LIVER FUNCTION TESTS
HERE LIVER FUNCTION TEST IS DONE TO
CHECK YOUR BLOOD FOR THE NUMBER OF
ENZYMES YOUR LIVER MAKES.

8. COMPLICATIONS
• LIVER SCARRING(CIRRHOSIS)
• LIVER FAILURE
• LIVER CANCER
• DEATH
• HEPATITIS D INFECTION
• THE VIRUS CAN BE FOUND IN SALIVA,IT’S NOT
SPREAD THROUGH SHARING UTENSILS AND
KISSING.IT DOESN’T SPREAD THROUGH
SNEEZING,COUGHING OR BREASTFEEDING.
• THE VIRUS CANN LIVE OUTSIDE THE BODY AND
REMAINS INFECTIOUS FOR AT LEAST 7DAYS.

9. TREATMENT
• ADMINISTERING OF THE FIRST DOSE OF THE
HEPATITIS B VACCINE AND A SHOT OF
HEPATITIS B IMMUNOGLOBULIN
• PLENTY OF REST
• HEALTHY,WELL-ROUNDED DIET
• AVOID ALCOHOL,CERTAIN HERBAL
SUPPLEMENTS OR MEDICATIONS
• MEDICATIONS:
• ENTECAVIR(BARACLUDE)
• TENOFOVIR(VIREAD,VEMLIDY)

10. PREVENTION
• ALL INFANTS,AT THE TIME OF BIRTH
• PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS
• INDIVIDUAL WITH CHRONIC DISEASES
• PEOPLE WHO’S WORK BRINGS THEM IN
CONTACT WITH BLOOD
• ANY CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
WHO WEREN’T VACCINATED AT BIRTH
• PEOPLE TRAVELLING TO AREAS WITH
HIGH RATE OF HEPATITIS B