This document discusses the different types of viral hepatitis, caused by hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E. It outlines the characteristics of each type including reservoirs, incubation periods, signs and symptoms, and modes of transmission. Hepatitis A is typically transmitted through fecal-oral routes, while hepatitis B, C, and D can be transmitted through blood or bodily fluids. Hepatitis E is often transmitted through contaminated water in areas with poor sanitation. The viruses cause inflammation of the liver and common symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, and nausea.

1. VIRAL
HEPATITIS
 Hepatitis AHepatitis A
 Hepatitis BHepatitis B
 Hepatitis CHepatitis C
 Hepatitis DHepatitis D
 Hepatitis EHepatitis E

2. Viral HepatitisViral Hepatitis
Inflammatory liver disease, characterized by
jaundice, abdominal pain, and anorexia due
to viral infection caused by viruses A, B, C, D
and E, alcohol abuse, or various toxins.

3. Caused by acute viral infection, toxicity,Caused by acute viral infection, toxicity,
or drug inducedor drug induced
Liver is enlarged and congestedLiver is enlarged and congested
Distortion of lobular patternDistortion of lobular pattern
Results in increased portal circulation pressureResults in increased portal circulation pressure
Circulation then decreased to liverCirculation then decreased to liver
Edema of biliary channelsEdema of biliary channels
Results in obstructive jaundiceResults in obstructive jaundice
Pathophysiology of HepatitisPathophysiology of Hepatitis

5. Types of HepatitisTypes of Hepatitis
Hepatitis A – Infectious hepatitisHepatitis A – Infectious hepatitis
Hepatitis B – Serum hepatitisHepatitis B – Serum hepatitis
Hepatitis C – Non-A non-B or PostHepatitis C – Non-A non-B or Post
transfusion hepatitistransfusion hepatitis
Hepatitis D – with Hep BHepatitis D – with Hep B
Hepatitis E - Epidemic hepatitisHepatitis E - Epidemic hepatitis

6. Hepatitis AHepatitis A
Caused by hepatitis A virusCaused by hepatitis A virus
Humans as their reservoirHumans as their reservoir
SOC:SOC: Infected feces, HAV-contaminated food
POC:1–2 weeks before the
onset of symptoms until about 7 days after the
patient becomes jaundiced.
Fecal oral contaminationFecal oral contamination
Oral anal sexual activity contamination, shellfish fromOral anal sexual activity contamination, shellfish from
contaminated watercontaminated water
Incubation 18 – 45 daysIncubation 18 – 45 days
Immune globulin within two weeks of exposureImmune globulin within two weeks of exposure

7. Hepatitis AHepatitis A
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Most are anicteric and asymptomatic
•Flu-like URTI with low-grade fever
•Anorexia
•Indigestion
•nausea
•Aversion to cigarette smoke and other
strong odors
•May or may not be jaundiced

8. Hepatitis BHepatitis B
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Reservoir: Humans
Source of infection:
-infected individuals
- receipt of blood transfusion or other blood products
- use of shared needles
- history of tattooing, ear or body piercing, or
acupuncture
Incubation: 30-180 days
Period of communicability:
-1-2 months before and after the onset of symptoms
Mode of transmission: Heterosexual transmission, contact with
blood and body fluids

9. Hepatitis BHepatitis B
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Loss of appetite,
•dyspepsia,
•abdominal pain
•Gen. aching malaise and weakness
•Jaundice
•Ligh-colored stools and dark urine
•Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
•Enlarged posterior cervical lymph
nodes

10. Hepatitis CHepatitis C
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Source of infection:
-Parenteral drug, needlestick injuries, Blood transfusion
-High-risk sexual contact (multiple partners, history of other
STDs, anal sex, etc.)
Incubation: 15-160 days
Contact with blood and body fluids: transfusion of blood and blood
products
Period of communicability:
-one or more weeks before onset of symptoms and persists in
most persons

11. Hepatitis CHepatitis C
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Asymptomatic or experience
mild symptoms
•Fatigue
•Abdominal pain and poor
appetite
•Jaundice
•Headaches
•joint aches
•muscle aches
•nausea

13. Hepatitis DHepatitis D
Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)
Reservoir: humans
Animals: chimpanzee and pigs
Source of infection: same as Hepa-B
Incubation: 30-180 days
Period of communicability: not been yet determined,
but virus excretion in stool has been demonstrated up to 14
days after onset of illness
Co-infects with hepatitis B, close personal contact

14. Hepatitis DHepatitis D
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Similar to those with hepatitis B
•May progress to chronic active
hepatitis and cirrhosis
•always associated with a
coexistent hepatitis B virus
infection, either simultaneous
new infections (co- infection) or
a chronic hepatitis B infection
(superinfection)

15. Hepatitis EHepatitis E
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)
Reservoir: Infected Humans and Animals: wild and domestic esp.
swine
Incubation: 14-60 days
Period of Communicability:
-Not known.
- Hepa-E virus has been detected in stools 14 days after the onset of
jaundice and approximately 4 weeks after ingestion of contaminated
food or water and persists for about 2 weeks.
Source of infection:
- Contaminated water in areas of poor sanitation
-household member,sex partners, shared injection
equipment
S/S: JAUNDICE is almost always present