anemia

1. ANEMIA
HEMATOLOGY

2. ANEMIA
 Reduced circulating erythrocytes mass and it is
characterized by reduction in;
 Hemoglobin
 Reduction in hematocrit
 Reduction in red blood cell count

3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANEMIA
1. PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL
Due to;
 Acute blood loss, bleeding from
accident,postpertum hemorrhage due to labor
 Reduced erythrocyte synthesize, problem of bone
marrow
 Increased destruction of erythrocytes
 Ineffective erthropoesis

4. Causes of reduced erythrocyte
synthesis
 Bone marrow aplasia,progenitor cells dies due to viral
infections
 Chronic disease such as renal failure, chronic lung
disease, cirrhosis
Diagnoses
 Renal function
 Electrolyte
 Serum protein
 Neoplastic marker
 Liver function

5. Increased destruction of erythrocytes
 Intrinsic factor
 Extrinsic factor
 Congenital
 Acquired

6. Congenital factor
 Red blood cell defects, defects of
Hb(thalassemias,sikcle cell)
 Enzyme defects, glucose 6 phosphate
dehydrogenase deficient
 Cell membrane defects, spherocytosis
 Abnormal membrane shape, erythrocytosis

7. acquired
 Autoimmune hemorrhagic anemia, type 2
hypersensitivity reaction where red blood cell is
vulnerable to phagocytosis e.g. drugs reduce
production of antibodies, cell destruction which
result autoimmune
 Hemorrhagic disease of new born baby there is
reaction of rhesus negative and positive mother
and child

8. Ineffective erythropoeisis
 Deficient of certain ingredients such as deficient
of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid
 Other factor such as chronic alcohol, chronic
disease and renal failure

9. Anemia based on microscopic
morphology of RBC
 Done by hematological analyses
 Automatic analyses
 Microscope
 Mean cell volume(MCV)
 Normocytic due to chronic disease
 Hypocytic
 Macrocytic , iron deficient
 porliokilocytosis

10. Different features of anemia
 Paleness of mucous membrane and conjunctiva
 Hyper dynamic state increased heart rate,
hypoxia, pulse arte
 Increased respiratory rate
 Oxygen dissociation curve shift to the right