Hematinic I
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The document discusses hematinic agents such as iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 which are used to treat anemia. It covers the pharmacokinetics of iron absorption and transport, indications for hematinic agents including iron deficiency anemia, drug interactions, side effects, and iron toxicity treatment with chelating agents.
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iron preparation
This document discusses iron and iron deficiency. It provides information on:
1. Iron is essential for hemoglobin formation and is involved in many enzyme systems. Iron deficiency can cause microcytic hypochromic anemia.
2. Causes of iron deficiency include blood loss, inadequate intake, and malabsorption. Good dietary sources include meat, fish, and plant sources like spinach.
3. Oral iron is usually sufficient to treat iron deficiency anemia, though parenteral iron may be needed in cases of malabsorption or intolerance. Different oral and parenteral iron preparations are available.
Pharmacology anemia and its treatment
The document discusses anemia, including its causes, types, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines anemia as a low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin levels. The main causes are blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell destruction. Anemia can be classified as microcytic, macrocytic, or normocytic based on red blood cell size. Treatment involves iron supplements in the form of ferrous sulfate, though some patients require alternative preparations due to side effects. Precautions are needed as iron can be toxic in high doses.
Haematinics
This document discusses haematinics, which are substances required for blood formation and used to treat anaemias. It focuses on iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. Iron is essential for haemoglobin synthesis and is absorbed in the small intestine. Deficiencies can cause anaemia. Vitamin B12 and folic acid are also essential for red blood cell formation and preventing megaloblastic anaemia. The document provides details on the metabolism, deficiencies, and treatments of these important haematinics.
Pharmacology of diabetes mellitus
This document summarizes the pharmacology of diabetes mellitus and its treatment with insulin and oral anti-diabetic drugs. It describes the different types of diabetes, symptoms, diagnosis, management of type 1 diabetes with insulin therapy and diet, and classification and use of various insulin preparations. It also discusses the management of type 2 diabetes with oral hypoglycemic agents including sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency can result from decreased absorption in the ileum, decreased intrinsic factor production in the stomach, inadequate dietary intake, or prolonged medication use. Clinical manifestations include neurological, psychiatric, hematological and cutaneous issues. Screening is recommended for those with risk factors or suspected symptoms. Treatment involves intramuscular B12 injections or high dose oral replacement, indefinitely for irreversible causes or until deficiency is corrected for reversible causes. Prevention focuses on supplementation in high risk groups.
Drug metabolism
1. Metabolism, or biotransformation, is the process by which enzymes convert lipid-soluble compounds into water-soluble compounds so they can be excreted from the body.
2. The major site of drug metabolism is the liver, through phase I (functionalization) and phase II (conjugation) reactions. Phase I reactions involve oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, while phase II reactions conjugate compounds to make them more hydrophilic through glucuronidation, methylation, sulfation, and other processes.
3. Cytochrome P450 enzymes and UDP-glucuronyl transferases are among the most important enzyme families involved in drug metabolism. Metabolism can
Hematopoietic Drugs
This document discusses hematopoietic drugs used to treat blood disorders. It describes how hematopoiesis is regulated by growth factors and nutrients, and how deficiencies can cause anemia, thrombocytopenia or neutropenia. It then classifies and describes drugs for treating different types of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia treated with oral or injectable iron preparations, and megaloblastic anemia treated with vitamin B12 and folic acid supplements. Hematopoietic growth factors like erythropoietin and colony stimulating factors are also outlined for treating related blood conditions.
Haematopoetic agents
This document provides an overview of hematopoietic growth factors and hematinics. It discusses iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, and various growth factors that stimulate red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet production. These include erythropoietin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-11, and romiplostim. The document covers the chemistry, mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects of these substances used to treat anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Recommended
iron preparation
This document discusses iron and iron deficiency. It provides information on:
1. Iron is essential for hemoglobin formation and is involved in many enzyme systems. Iron deficiency can cause microcytic hypochromic anemia.
2. Causes of iron deficiency include blood loss, inadequate intake, and malabsorption. Good dietary sources include meat, fish, and plant sources like spinach.
3. Oral iron is usually sufficient to treat iron deficiency anemia, though parenteral iron may be needed in cases of malabsorption or intolerance. Different oral and parenteral iron preparations are available.
Pharmacology anemia and its treatment
The document discusses anemia, including its causes, types, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines anemia as a low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin levels. The main causes are blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell destruction. Anemia can be classified as microcytic, macrocytic, or normocytic based on red blood cell size. Treatment involves iron supplements in the form of ferrous sulfate, though some patients require alternative preparations due to side effects. Precautions are needed as iron can be toxic in high doses.
Haematinics
This document discusses haematinics, which are substances required for blood formation and used to treat anaemias. It focuses on iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. Iron is essential for haemoglobin synthesis and is absorbed in the small intestine. Deficiencies can cause anaemia. Vitamin B12 and folic acid are also essential for red blood cell formation and preventing megaloblastic anaemia. The document provides details on the metabolism, deficiencies, and treatments of these important haematinics.
Pharmacology of diabetes mellitus
This document summarizes the pharmacology of diabetes mellitus and its treatment with insulin and oral anti-diabetic drugs. It describes the different types of diabetes, symptoms, diagnosis, management of type 1 diabetes with insulin therapy and diet, and classification and use of various insulin preparations. It also discusses the management of type 2 diabetes with oral hypoglycemic agents including sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency can result from decreased absorption in the ileum, decreased intrinsic factor production in the stomach, inadequate dietary intake, or prolonged medication use. Clinical manifestations include neurological, psychiatric, hematological and cutaneous issues. Screening is recommended for those with risk factors or suspected symptoms. Treatment involves intramuscular B12 injections or high dose oral replacement, indefinitely for irreversible causes or until deficiency is corrected for reversible causes. Prevention focuses on supplementation in high risk groups.
Drug metabolism
1. Metabolism, or biotransformation, is the process by which enzymes convert lipid-soluble compounds into water-soluble compounds so they can be excreted from the body.
2. The major site of drug metabolism is the liver, through phase I (functionalization) and phase II (conjugation) reactions. Phase I reactions involve oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, while phase II reactions conjugate compounds to make them more hydrophilic through glucuronidation, methylation, sulfation, and other processes.
3. Cytochrome P450 enzymes and UDP-glucuronyl transferases are among the most important enzyme families involved in drug metabolism. Metabolism can
Hematopoietic Drugs
This document discusses hematopoietic drugs used to treat blood disorders. It describes how hematopoiesis is regulated by growth factors and nutrients, and how deficiencies can cause anemia, thrombocytopenia or neutropenia. It then classifies and describes drugs for treating different types of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia treated with oral or injectable iron preparations, and megaloblastic anemia treated with vitamin B12 and folic acid supplements. Hematopoietic growth factors like erythropoietin and colony stimulating factors are also outlined for treating related blood conditions.
Haematopoetic agents
This document provides an overview of hematopoietic growth factors and hematinics. It discusses iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, and various growth factors that stimulate red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet production. These include erythropoietin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-11, and romiplostim. The document covers the chemistry, mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects of these substances used to treat anemia and thrombocytopenia.
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Megaloblastic anemia
This document discusses megaloblastic anemia, its causes, symptoms, and treatments. It is characterized by abnormally large red blood cells due to a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, which is needed for DNA synthesis. The deficiencies can result from inadequate intake, malabsorption, or increased demand. Treatments include injections or supplements of vitamin B12, folic acid, or erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production. Adverse reactions are also discussed.
Iron deficiency anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia occurs when iron levels are too low to support normal red blood cell production. It has various causes like bleeding, low dietary iron intake, or loss of iron in the urine. Symptoms include fatigue and pale skin. Investigations show low hemoglobin, ferritin and iron levels with microcytic red blood cells. Treatment involves oral or intravenous iron supplementation depending on severity. Complications can include impaired development in children or increased risk of falls in the elderly. Prevention focuses on consuming iron-rich foods and supplements. Differential diagnoses include thalassemia and anemia of chronic disease.
Hematinics
This document discusses various haematinics including iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and erythropoietin. It covers their roles in red blood cell formation, daily requirements, dietary sources, absorption and transport, deficiency states, preparations used to treat deficiencies, and therapeutic uses to treat conditions like iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia. It provides details on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of administering these substances.
Pharmacology of anemia
This document discusses different types of anemia including their definitions and causes. It focuses on normochromic normocytic anemia which can be caused by chronic disease, hemolytic anemia, or aplastic anemia. It also discusses iron deficiency anemia, its definition, symptoms, and the role of iron in hemoglobin and oxygen transport. The pharmacology and absorption, transport, storage and elimination of iron is explained in detail. Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies are also summarized including their roles, dietary sources, and effects of deficiencies.
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This document discusses iron deficiency anemia and its treatment. It defines anemia and identifies iron deficiency as a common cause. It describes how iron is used to form hemoglobin and the signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia. The document outlines dietary iron requirements and food sources of iron. It provides details on oral and parenteral iron therapy, including dosages, formulations, and potential adverse effects. It also discusses intravenous iron preparations and the use of desferrioxamine for acute iron poisoning.
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The document discusses body fluid compartments and their compositions. It notes that total body water makes up 60% of body weight, with two thirds located intracellularly and one third extracellularly. The extracellular fluid consists of interstitial fluid and blood plasma. Key electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride are discussed along with their concentrations in plasma, interstitial, and intracellular fluids. Various volume expanders used to increase blood volume are also described, including crystalloids like saline and lactated Ringer's, as well as colloids like albumin, dextrans, gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Their mechanisms of action, properties, uses,
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of microcytic anemia caused by low levels of iron available to produce hemoglobin. It affects people with high iron demands like pregnant women, young children, and menstruating women. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Treatment involves oral iron supplementation and dietary changes to restore iron stores. Prevention focuses on adequate iron intake through diet or supplements in at-risk groups.
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The document discusses various types of anemia, their causes, and treatment with iron supplements. It notes that anemia is characterized by a decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood due to low hemoglobin or red blood cell counts. Common causes include dietary iron deficiency, blood loss, and bone marrow disorders. Oral iron is usually the first line treatment, while parenteral iron may be used for more severe cases or those with intestinal malabsorption. The roles of iron in hemoglobin formation and the mechanisms of iron absorption and transport in the body are also summarized.
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The document provides an overview of the pancreas and its role in producing hormones that regulate blood glucose levels. It discusses types of diabetes, including type 1 caused by lack of insulin and type 2 caused by insulin resistance. It describes classes of anti-diabetic medications, including insulin secretagogues like sulfonylureas and meglitinides that stimulate insulin release, and insulin sensitizers like biguanides and thiazolidinediones that improve insulin response without affecting secretion. Common adverse effects and considerations for use are outlined for each drug class.
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This document discusses various types of anemia and treatments. It covers iron deficiency anemia in detail, including causes and signs. It describes how iron is absorbed and transported in the body. Oral and intravenous iron preparations are listed to treat iron deficiency. The document also discusses vitamin B12, folic acid, ascorbic acid and erythropoietin, and their roles in anemia treatment.
23.ppt hxmljh bnszhgnbnb hhuehbuj nnhnjkjh
This document discusses various types of anemia and treatments. It covers iron deficiency anemia in detail, including causes and signs. It describes how iron is absorbed and transported in the body. Common oral iron supplements are listed. The document also discusses vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency anemia, their roles, and supplement options. Erythropoietin and other hematopoietic growth factors used to treat anemia are explained.
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A power point presentation on general aspects of Pharmacokinetics suitable for undergraduate medical students beginning to study Pharmacology. Also suitable for Post Graduate students of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences.Basic Pharmacology of Estrogen
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Hematinics are substances used to treat and prevent anemia. Megaloblastic anemias are caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiencies and are characterized by large, abnormal red blood cells. Vitamin B12 is essential for two metabolic reactions and acts as a coenzyme. It is absorbed in the ileum with intrinsic factor and stored in the liver. Deficiencies can be detected using the Schilling test which evaluates vitamin B12 absorption. Treatment involves cyanocobalamin injections or oral methylcobalamin supplements.
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The document discusses hematinic agents such as iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 which are used to treat anemia. It covers the pharmacokinetics of iron absorption and transport, indications for hematinic agents including iron deficiency anemia, drug interactions, side effects, and iron toxicity treatment with chelating agents.
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Detailed information of all terms like Thyroid gland, Thyroxine, Triidothyronine, Calcitonine, growth and development , propylthiouracil, Calorigenesis, tadpole to frog, Oligomenorrhoea, snehal chakorkar, pharmacology, Cretinism, Myxoedema coma, Graves disease, Thiocynates, Perchlorate, Nitrates.
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Megaloblastic anemia
This document discusses megaloblastic anemia, its causes, symptoms, and treatments. It is characterized by abnormally large red blood cells due to a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, which is needed for DNA synthesis. The deficiencies can result from inadequate intake, malabsorption, or increased demand. Treatments include injections or supplements of vitamin B12, folic acid, or erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production. Adverse reactions are also discussed.
Iron deficiency anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia occurs when iron levels are too low to support normal red blood cell production. It has various causes like bleeding, low dietary iron intake, or loss of iron in the urine. Symptoms include fatigue and pale skin. Investigations show low hemoglobin, ferritin and iron levels with microcytic red blood cells. Treatment involves oral or intravenous iron supplementation depending on severity. Complications can include impaired development in children or increased risk of falls in the elderly. Prevention focuses on consuming iron-rich foods and supplements. Differential diagnoses include thalassemia and anemia of chronic disease.
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This document discusses various haematinics including iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and erythropoietin. It covers their roles in red blood cell formation, daily requirements, dietary sources, absorption and transport, deficiency states, preparations used to treat deficiencies, and therapeutic uses to treat conditions like iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia. It provides details on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of administering these substances.
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This document discusses different types of anemia including their definitions and causes. It focuses on normochromic normocytic anemia which can be caused by chronic disease, hemolytic anemia, or aplastic anemia. It also discusses iron deficiency anemia, its definition, symptoms, and the role of iron in hemoglobin and oxygen transport. The pharmacology and absorption, transport, storage and elimination of iron is explained in detail. Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies are also summarized including their roles, dietary sources, and effects of deficiencies.
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The document discusses iron in nature, dietary iron sources, iron absorption and transport in the body, iron storage, the iron cycle, roles of iron in the body, iron deficiency, risk groups, causes, signs and symptoms, investigations, consequences, management including oral and parenteral iron therapy and blood transfusions, and prevention of iron deficiency anemia through diet, nutrition education, iron supplementation, and food fortification.
Drug treatment of iron deficiency anaemia
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia and its treatment. It defines anemia and identifies iron deficiency as a common cause. It describes how iron is used to form hemoglobin and the signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia. The document outlines dietary iron requirements and food sources of iron. It provides details on oral and parenteral iron therapy, including dosages, formulations, and potential adverse effects. It also discusses intravenous iron preparations and the use of desferrioxamine for acute iron poisoning.
Plasma volume expanders
The document discusses body fluid compartments and their compositions. It notes that total body water makes up 60% of body weight, with two thirds located intracellularly and one third extracellularly. The extracellular fluid consists of interstitial fluid and blood plasma. Key electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride are discussed along with their concentrations in plasma, interstitial, and intracellular fluids. Various volume expanders used to increase blood volume are also described, including crystalloids like saline and lactated Ringer's, as well as colloids like albumin, dextrans, gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Their mechanisms of action, properties, uses,
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of microcytic anemia caused by low levels of iron available to produce hemoglobin. It affects people with high iron demands like pregnant women, young children, and menstruating women. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Treatment involves oral iron supplementation and dietary changes to restore iron stores. Prevention focuses on adequate iron intake through diet or supplements in at-risk groups.
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The document discusses various types of anemia, their causes, and treatment with iron supplements. It notes that anemia is characterized by a decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood due to low hemoglobin or red blood cell counts. Common causes include dietary iron deficiency, blood loss, and bone marrow disorders. Oral iron is usually the first line treatment, while parenteral iron may be used for more severe cases or those with intestinal malabsorption. The roles of iron in hemoglobin formation and the mechanisms of iron absorption and transport in the body are also summarized.
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
The document provides an overview of the pancreas and its role in producing hormones that regulate blood glucose levels. It discusses types of diabetes, including type 1 caused by lack of insulin and type 2 caused by insulin resistance. It describes classes of anti-diabetic medications, including insulin secretagogues like sulfonylureas and meglitinides that stimulate insulin release, and insulin sensitizers like biguanides and thiazolidinediones that improve insulin response without affecting secretion. Common adverse effects and considerations for use are outlined for each drug class.
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Presentation On ‘‘Esomeprazole’’
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Similar to Hematinic I
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This document discusses various types of anemia and treatments. It covers iron deficiency anemia in detail, including causes and signs. It describes how iron is absorbed and transported in the body. Oral and intravenous iron preparations are listed to treat iron deficiency. The document also discusses vitamin B12, folic acid, ascorbic acid and erythropoietin, and their roles in anemia treatment.
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This document discusses various types of anemia and treatments. It covers iron deficiency anemia in detail, including causes and signs. It describes how iron is absorbed and transported in the body. Common oral iron supplements are listed. The document also discusses vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency anemia, their roles, and supplement options. Erythropoietin and other hematopoietic growth factors used to treat anemia are explained.
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This document discusses various types of anemia and treatments. It covers iron deficiency anemia in detail, including causes and signs. It describes how iron is absorbed and transported in the body. Common oral and intravenous iron preparations are listed to treat iron deficiency. The document also discusses vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency anemia and treatments. Erythropoietin and other hematopoietic growth factors used to treat anemia are covered.
Haematinics
This document discusses haematinics, which are substances required for blood formation used to treat anaemias. It describes different types of anaemias caused by blood loss, impaired cell formation due to deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid, or increased destruction of red blood cells. It provides details on iron including absorption, transport, storage, requirements, sources, and preparations for both oral and parenteral administration. It also discusses acute iron poisoning treatment and mentions that vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies can result in megaloblastic anaemia.
Iron metabolism
Iron metabolism in the body involves several key processes:
1) Iron exists in the body bound to hemoglobin, myoglobin, enzymes, and cytochromes or stored as ferritin and hemosiderin.
2) Dietary non-heme iron is reduced and transported across the intestinal barrier by transporters before binding to transferrin in the bloodstream.
3) Transferrin transports iron through the bloodstream and delivers it to cells through endocytosis and release from endosomes.
4) Hepcidin regulates iron levels by inhibiting intestinal iron transport and macrophage recycling of iron.
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Iron is an essential mineral that is distributed throughout the body and is important for oxygen transport and cellular metabolism. Iron deficiency develops when requirements exceed supply and leads to iron deficient erythropoiesis and eventually iron deficiency anemia. It is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide, affecting toddlers, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and some minority groups. Treatment involves oral or parenteral iron supplementation depending on severity, with the goal of replenishing iron stores and repairing hemoglobin deficits.
HEMOCHROMATOSIS
1. Hereditary hemochromatosis is an inherited condition characterized by excessive absorption of dietary iron, which is then deposited in vital organs like the liver, heart and pancreas.
2. It is caused by mutations in the HFE gene, which regulates the protein hepcidin that controls iron absorption. The most common mutation is C282Y.
3. Clinical features include liver disease, diabetes, arthritis and skin pigmentation. Treatment involves regular phlebotomy to reduce iron levels until they are normal.
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This document discusses iron refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA). It defines key terms like anemia and iron deficiency. It describes normal iron metabolism and the role of transport proteins like DMT1 and ferroportin in intestinal iron absorption. Hepcidin regulates iron transport by binding to ferroportin and inducing its degradation. Mutations in ferroportin can cause iron overload by preventing its binding to hepcidin. The document also discusses rare conditions like atransferrinemia caused by near absence of plasma transferrin.
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Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common medical problems and the most common cause of anemia. It occurs when iron levels and stores in the body are depleted. Symptoms include fatigue, glossitis, angular stomatitis, and nail changes. Laboratory tests show low hemoglobin, MCV, MCHC, serum iron, and ferritin levels. Treatment involves oral or parental iron replacement therapy to replenish iron stores along with treating any underlying causes of blood loss. Parenteral iron is reserved for cases of malabsorption or noncompliance with oral therapy.
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Iron is an essential micronutrient, but both iron deficiency and excess can be harmful. Iron deficiency anemia affects 65-75% of people in India and can impact growth and development. The body tightly regulates iron levels through absorption in the duodenum, transport by transferrin, and storage in ferritin and hemosiderin. Hepcidin is the key regulator of iron absorption and release, inhibiting the iron exporter ferroportin. Disorders of iron metabolism include iron deficiency anemia, hemosiderosis, and hereditary hemochromatosis.
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The document discusses drugs that act on blood and blood forming organs. It covers hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell production, and anemias which result from reduced blood cell counts. Specific types of anemia discussed include iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiencies, and aplastic anemia caused by bone marrow suppression. Treatments for anemias include oral or injectable iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid supplements. Hematopoietic growth factors that stimulate blood cell production are also discussed, including erythropoietin which is used to treat anemia from chronic kidney disease or cancer chemotherapy.
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This document summarizes iron metabolism. It discusses daily iron requirements, absorption and transport of iron, iron storage, and regulation of iron levels. It also covers iron deficiency anemia and iron overload disorders like hemochromatosis. Iron is absorbed in the duodenum and transported bound to transferrin. It is stored primarily in the liver as ferritin or hemosiderin. Iron levels are regulated by the liver peptide hepcidin which controls intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron recycling by degrading the iron exporter ferroportin.
Med j club iron overload .
There are several types of iron overload disorders, with the most common being β-thalassemia and hereditary hemochromatosis. Iron is absorbed in the duodenum and stored in hepatocytes and macrophages, with levels regulated by the hormone hepcidin. Hereditary hemochromatosis is caused by a mutation in the HFE gene and results in low hepcidin levels and excessive iron absorption. Management of iron overload involves chelation therapy or phlebotomy to remove excess iron from the body.
Iron deficiency anemia
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia. It covers:
- Iron's important roles in the body and common iron-containing proteins
- Factors that affect absorption of heme vs non-heme iron
- Phytates role in causing anemia in developing countries
- Iron absorption is low from cereal-based diets commonly found in developing nations
- Hepcidin regulates iron absorption and storage by inhibiting ferroportin
- Clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia include pallor, fatigue, and koilonychia
- Iron deficiency can affect multiple body systems beyond just hematologic effects
Iron deficiency anemia
for B Sc MLT and MBBS students and BDS students.
Pathology
Hematology
Lab Medicine
Lab technology
Anti anaemic drugs (1)
The document discusses anti-anemic drugs used to treat different types of anemia. It covers iron, cyanocobalamin, folic acid, erythropoietin, and hydroxyurea. Iron is used orally or parenterally to treat iron deficiency anemia. Cyanocobalamin and folic acid are given to treat megaloblastic anemia. Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production and is used for anemia of renal failure. Hydroxyurea increases fetal hemoglobin levels and is used for sickle cell disease.
L27,28 metabolic & inherited liver disease
- Hemochromatosis, Wilson disease, and α1-antitrypsin deficiency are inherited metabolic liver diseases characterized by the accumulation of iron, copper, and α1-antitrypsin protein respectively in the liver and other organs. They result from genetic mutations affecting iron absorption, copper transport, and α1-antitrypsin folding. Complications include cirrhosis, diabetes, cardiomyopathy in hemochromatosis and liver disease or emphysema in Wilson disease and α1-antitrypsin deficiency respectively. Treatment involves chelation therapy, liver transplantation or supplementation.
Haematinics and EPO.pptx
A small presentation on haematinics and erythropoietin along with their PK/PD properties and clinical application .
Iron metabolism by Dr Anurag Yadav
This document summarizes iron metabolism. It discusses that iron is primarily stored in the blood, liver, bone marrow and muscles. The main iron-containing proteins are hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes. Iron absorption is regulated to maintain homeostasis, primarily through the mucosal block mechanism. Factors like iron form, ascorbic acid, and interfering substances can influence absorption. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder globally and manifests as anemia. Toxicity can result from excess iron accumulation in tissues.
Iron Metabolism
Iron Metabolism including: Iron requirement, absorption, transport and storage in brief. the reference mainly is the post graduate hematology 2011
Similar to Hematinic I (20)
Hematinic I
- 1. Aditia Retno Fitri Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University Indonesia
- 9. BALANCE OUTPUT MACHINE INPUT
- 20. P H A R M A C O K I N E T I C S