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Helm
The package manager for Kubernetes
Fabian Rosenthal <code@xennis.org>
Introduction
Motivation
● Install common software
○ Use ready YAMLs instead of starting from scratch
● Different continuous integration stages
○ Reuse and parameterise your YAMLs instead of duplicating them
Introduction
● Tool for managing Kubernetes charts
● Charts are packages of pre-configured Kubernetes resources
○ Example repository: https://github.com/kubernetes/charts
Introduction
● Consists of a client (Helm) and a
server (Tiller)
○ Helm runs outside of the cluster
○ Tiller runs inside the cluster and
manages releases
Kubernetes API
TillerHelm
Install or upgrade a release
Kubernetes API
API server
Tiller
Pod
Helm
Fuu
Deployment
Fuu
Service
Fuu
Config
Setup
Install Helm
● Download the binary: https://github.com/kubernetes/helm#install
● Add it to your $PATH
● Enable completion: source <(helm completion zsh)
Initialize Helm and install Tiller
● Create a cluster
$ minikube start
● Install Tiller
$ helm init
$ kubectl get pods 
--namespace kube-system
Kubernetes API
Helm Tiller
Create a service account
● Create a service account and role
$ kubectl create serviceaccount --namespace kube-system tiller
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding tiller-cluster-rule 
--clusterrole=cluster-admin 
--serviceaccount=kube-system:tiller
● Adjust Tiller deployment to use account
$ kubectl patch deploy --namespace kube-system 
tiller-deploy -p '{"spec":{"template":{"spec":{"serviceAccount":"tiller"}}}}'
Source: https://github.com/kubernetes/helm/issues/2224#issuecomment-299939178
Working with releases
Install a release
● Install a release
$ helm install --name <release> <chart>
● Manage release(s)
$ helm ls
$ helm delete <release>
$ helm status <release>
Upgrade and rollback a release
● Upgrade a release
$ helm upgrade -f config.yaml <release> <chart>
● List release history and rollback to a revision
$ helm history <release>
$ helm rollback <release> <revision>
Monitoring with Prometheus
Running Prometheus with alert manager, push gateway and k8s monitoring?
Just one line:
$ helm install stable/prometheus
(See: https://github.com/kubernetes/charts/tree/master/stable/prometheus)
Prometheus
$ kubectl port-forward <pod> 9090
Upgrade the Prometheus release
● Change configuration in command line
$ helm upgrade my-release stable/prometheus --set alertmanager.enabled=false
● Change configuration by a values file
$ cat config.yaml
alertmanager:
enabled: true
$ helm upgrade my-release stable/prometheus -f config.yaml
Cloud launcher with Kubeapps
● Install Kubeapps
● Deploy it and start the dashboard
$ kubeapps up
$ kubeapps dashboard
● Remove it
$ kubeapps down
Kubeapps
$ kubeapps dashboard
Create a chart
Create a chart
● Create a new chart
$ helm create <name>
● Create a package and install it
$ helm package <name>
$ helm install <name>-0.1.0.tgz
Files of a chart
● Charts.yaml: Information about the chart
● requirements.yaml: Listing dependencies
● values.yaml: Default configuration values
● templates/*.yaml: Templates
● templates/_*: Helpers
● templates/NOTES.txt: Usage notes
(See also: https://docs.helm.sh/developing_charts/)
Write a template
● Built-in objects
○ Chart, Release, Values, ...
● Control structures
○ if/else, range, ...
● Functions
○ default, quote, upper, sha256sum, …
○ Most can be pipelined: {{ .Values.favorite.city | default "Hamburg" | quote }}
Check a chart
● Verify chart is well-formed
$ helm lint <name>
● Render chart templates locally
$ helm template <name>
Useful Kubernetes tools
● Kubetest (https://github.com/garethr/kubetest)
○ Unit test Kubernetes configurations
● Kubeval (https://github.com/garethr/kubeval)
○ Validate Kubernetes configuration supports multiple Kubernetes versions
… and
Organize charts for all your services
● One chart for all services or one chart per service?
● Helpful
○ Subcharts of a chart can be created
○ Chart with a dependency to another chart can be defined
Links
● Helm documentation
https://docs.helm.sh
● Dirk Jablonski “Steering the course with Helm”
https://www.slideshare.net/djablonski/steering-the-course-with-helm
● Helm repository
https://github.com/kubernetes/helm
● Helm charts
https://github.com/kubernetes/charts
Fin. code@xennis.org
Questions?

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Helm – The package manager for Kubernetes

  • 1. Helm The package manager for Kubernetes Fabian Rosenthal <code@xennis.org>
  • 3. Motivation ● Install common software ○ Use ready YAMLs instead of starting from scratch ● Different continuous integration stages ○ Reuse and parameterise your YAMLs instead of duplicating them
  • 4. Introduction ● Tool for managing Kubernetes charts ● Charts are packages of pre-configured Kubernetes resources ○ Example repository: https://github.com/kubernetes/charts
  • 5. Introduction ● Consists of a client (Helm) and a server (Tiller) ○ Helm runs outside of the cluster ○ Tiller runs inside the cluster and manages releases Kubernetes API TillerHelm
  • 6. Install or upgrade a release Kubernetes API API server Tiller Pod Helm Fuu Deployment Fuu Service Fuu Config
  • 8. Install Helm ● Download the binary: https://github.com/kubernetes/helm#install ● Add it to your $PATH ● Enable completion: source <(helm completion zsh)
  • 9. Initialize Helm and install Tiller ● Create a cluster $ minikube start ● Install Tiller $ helm init $ kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system Kubernetes API Helm Tiller
  • 10. Create a service account ● Create a service account and role $ kubectl create serviceaccount --namespace kube-system tiller $ kubectl create clusterrolebinding tiller-cluster-rule --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:tiller ● Adjust Tiller deployment to use account $ kubectl patch deploy --namespace kube-system tiller-deploy -p '{"spec":{"template":{"spec":{"serviceAccount":"tiller"}}}}' Source: https://github.com/kubernetes/helm/issues/2224#issuecomment-299939178
  • 12. Install a release ● Install a release $ helm install --name <release> <chart> ● Manage release(s) $ helm ls $ helm delete <release> $ helm status <release>
  • 13. Upgrade and rollback a release ● Upgrade a release $ helm upgrade -f config.yaml <release> <chart> ● List release history and rollback to a revision $ helm history <release> $ helm rollback <release> <revision>
  • 14. Monitoring with Prometheus Running Prometheus with alert manager, push gateway and k8s monitoring? Just one line: $ helm install stable/prometheus (See: https://github.com/kubernetes/charts/tree/master/stable/prometheus)
  • 16. Upgrade the Prometheus release ● Change configuration in command line $ helm upgrade my-release stable/prometheus --set alertmanager.enabled=false ● Change configuration by a values file $ cat config.yaml alertmanager: enabled: true $ helm upgrade my-release stable/prometheus -f config.yaml
  • 17. Cloud launcher with Kubeapps ● Install Kubeapps ● Deploy it and start the dashboard $ kubeapps up $ kubeapps dashboard ● Remove it $ kubeapps down
  • 20. Create a chart ● Create a new chart $ helm create <name> ● Create a package and install it $ helm package <name> $ helm install <name>-0.1.0.tgz
  • 21. Files of a chart ● Charts.yaml: Information about the chart ● requirements.yaml: Listing dependencies ● values.yaml: Default configuration values ● templates/*.yaml: Templates ● templates/_*: Helpers ● templates/NOTES.txt: Usage notes (See also: https://docs.helm.sh/developing_charts/)
  • 22. Write a template ● Built-in objects ○ Chart, Release, Values, ... ● Control structures ○ if/else, range, ... ● Functions ○ default, quote, upper, sha256sum, … ○ Most can be pipelined: {{ .Values.favorite.city | default "Hamburg" | quote }}
  • 23. Check a chart ● Verify chart is well-formed $ helm lint <name> ● Render chart templates locally $ helm template <name>
  • 24. Useful Kubernetes tools ● Kubetest (https://github.com/garethr/kubetest) ○ Unit test Kubernetes configurations ● Kubeval (https://github.com/garethr/kubeval) ○ Validate Kubernetes configuration supports multiple Kubernetes versions
  • 26. Organize charts for all your services ● One chart for all services or one chart per service? ● Helpful ○ Subcharts of a chart can be created ○ Chart with a dependency to another chart can be defined
  • 27. Links ● Helm documentation https://docs.helm.sh ● Dirk Jablonski “Steering the course with Helm” https://www.slideshare.net/djablonski/steering-the-course-with-helm ● Helm repository https://github.com/kubernetes/helm ● Helm charts https://github.com/kubernetes/charts