Hashing is the process of converting a given key into another value. A hash function is used to generate the new value according to a mathematical algorithm. The result of a hash function is known as a hash value or simply, a hash.
Combines the better attributes of merge sort and insertion sort.
Like merge sort, but unlike insertion sort, running time is O(nlgn).
Like insertion sort, but unlike merge sort, sorts in place.
a. Concept and Definition✓
b. Inserting and Deleting nodes ✓
c. Linked implementation of a stack (PUSH/POP) ✓
d. Linked implementation of a queue (Insert/Remove) ✓
e. Circular List
• Stack as a circular list (PUSH/POP) ✓
• Queue as a circular list (Insert/Remove) ✓
f. Doubly Linked List (Insert/Remove) ✓
For more course related material:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm/
Personal blog
www.ashimlamichhane.com.np
Queues
a. Concept and Definition
b. Queue as an ADT
c. Implementation of Insert and Delete operation of:
• Linear Queue
• Circular Queue
For More:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
http://www.ashimlamichhane.com.np/
Hashing is the process of converting a given key into another value. A hash function is used to generate the new value according to a mathematical algorithm. The result of a hash function is known as a hash value or simply, a hash.
Combines the better attributes of merge sort and insertion sort.
Like merge sort, but unlike insertion sort, running time is O(nlgn).
Like insertion sort, but unlike merge sort, sorts in place.
a. Concept and Definition✓
b. Inserting and Deleting nodes ✓
c. Linked implementation of a stack (PUSH/POP) ✓
d. Linked implementation of a queue (Insert/Remove) ✓
e. Circular List
• Stack as a circular list (PUSH/POP) ✓
• Queue as a circular list (Insert/Remove) ✓
f. Doubly Linked List (Insert/Remove) ✓
For more course related material:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm/
Personal blog
www.ashimlamichhane.com.np
Queues
a. Concept and Definition
b. Queue as an ADT
c. Implementation of Insert and Delete operation of:
• Linear Queue
• Circular Queue
For More:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
http://www.ashimlamichhane.com.np/
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
: A heap is a nearly complete binary tree with the following two properties:
Structural property: all levels are full, except possibly the last one, which is filled from left to right
Order (heap) property: for any node x
Parent(x) ≥ x
The process of sorting has been one of those problems in computer science that have been around almost from the beginning of time. For example, the tabulating machine (IBM, 1890’s Census) was the first early data processing
unit able to sort data cards for people in the USA. After all the first census took around 7 years to be finished, making all the stored data obsolete. Therefore, the need for sorting. It is more, studying the different techniques of sorting
allows for a more precise introduction of the algorithm concept. Some corrections were done to a bound for the max-heapfy... My deepest excuses for the mistakes!!!
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. Definitions of heap:
A heap is a data structure that stores a collection of
objects (with keys), and has the following
properties:
Complete Binary tree
Heap Order
3. The heap sort algorithm has two
major steps :
i. The first major step involves transforming the complete
tree into a heap.
ii. The second major step is to perform the actual sort by
extracting the largest or lowerst element from the root
and transforming the remaining tree into a heap.
7. 1-Max heap :
max-heap Definition:
is a complete binary tree in which the value in
each internal node is greater than or equal to
the values in the children of that node.
Max-heap property:
The key of a node is ≥ than the keys of its children.
8. 8
Max heap Operation
A heap can be stored as an
array A.
Root of tree is A[1]
Left child of A[i] = A[2i]
Right child of A[i] = A[2i + 1]
Parent of A[i] = A[ i/2 ]
19. Heap-Sort
sorting strategy:
1. Build Max Heap from unordered array;
2. Find maximum element A[1];
3. Swap elements A[n] and A[1] :
now max element is at the end of the array! .
4. Discard node n from heap
(by decrementing heap-size variable).
5. New root may violate max heap property, but its
children are max heaps. Run max_heapify to fix this.
6. Go to Step 2 unless heap is empty.
30. Heap Sort pseducode
Heapsort(A as array)
BuildHeap(A)
for i = n to 1
swap(A[1], A[i])
n = n - 1
Heapify(A, 1)
BuildHeap(A as array)
n = elements_in(A)
for i = floor(n/2) to 1
Heapify(A,i)
31. Heapify(A as array, i as int)
left = 2i
right = 2i+1
if (left <= n) and (A[left] > A[i])
max = left
else
max = i
if (right<=n) and (A[right] > A[max])
max = right
if (max != i)
swap(A[i], A[max])
Heapify(A, max)
32. 2-Min heap :
min-heap Definition:
is a complete binary tree in which the value in
each internal node is lower than or equal to the
values in the children of that node.
Min-heap property:
The key of a node is <= than the keys of its
children.
33. Min heap Operation
A heap can be stored as an array A.
Root of tree is A[0]
Left child of A[i] = A[2i+1]
Right child of A[i] = A[2i + 2]
Parent of A[i] = A[( i/2)-1]
33
49. Insertion
Algorithm
1. Add the new element to the next available position at the
lowest level
2. Restore the max-heap property if violated
General strategy is percolate up (or bubble up): if
the parent of the element is smaller than the
element, then interchange the parent and child.
OR
Restore the min-heap property if violated
General strategy is percolate up (or bubble up): if
the parent of the element is larger than the element,
then interchange the parent and child.
50. 19
12 16
41 7
19
12 16
41 7 17
19
12 17
41 7 16
Insert 17
swap
Percolate up to maintain the heap
property
51. Conclusion The primary advantage of the heap sort is its
efficiency. The execution time efficiency of the
heap sort is O(n log n).
The memory efficiency of the heap sort, unlike
the other n log n sorts, is constant, O(1), because
the heap sort algorithm is not recursive.