hematology

1. By
Annu maurya

2. Hematology is the study
of blood in relation to
health and disease.

3. Blood is the life-
maintaining fluid that
circulates through the
entire body.


4.  transporting important
substances, such as oxygen and
nutrients, around the body
 helping to control the body’s
balance of water and acidity
 helping to fight off disease

5. Hematologists are medical
doctors who specialize in
diagnosing and treating
problems with the blood
and related structures, such
as the bone marrow

6.  Complete blood cell count: This test
can help diagnose anemia, inflammatory
diseases, and blood cancer. It can also
help with monitoring blood loss and
infection.
 Platelet count: This test helps diagnose
and monitor bleeding disorders.

7.  Blood enzyme tests: There are many types of
these tests, which a doctor uses to help
diagnose cardiovascular conditions,
including heart attack.
 Bone marrow biopsy: This procedure can
help diagnose and monitor anemia,
thrombocytopenia( low Platelet count),
which involves having a low platelet count,
and some cancers.
 Blood transfusions: This involves the body
receiving healthy blood intravenous —
through an IV.

8.  Plasma. The liquid component of the blood in which
the following blood cells are suspended:
 Red blood cells . These carry oxygen from the lungs to the
rest of the body
 White blood cells (leukocytes). These help fight infections
and aid in the immune process. Types of white blood cells
include: Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils,
Basophils, Neutrophils
 Platelets (thrombocytes). These help in blood
clotting

9.  Blood cells are made in the bone marrow. The bone
marrow is the spongy material in the center of the
bones that makes all types of blood cells.
 There are other organs and systems in our bodies
that help regulate blood cells. The lymph nodes,
spleen, and liver help regulate the production,
destruction, and function of cells. The production
and development of new cells in the bone marrow is
a process called hematopoiesis

10.  Blood cells formed in the bone marrow
start out as stem cells. A stem cell (or
hematopoietic stem cell) is the first
phase of all blood cells. As the stem cell
matures, several distinct cells evolve.
These include red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets. Immature
blood cells are also called blasts. Some
blasts stay in the marrow to mature.
Others travel to other parts of the body
to develop into mature, functioning
blood cells

11.  The main job of red blood cells, or
erythrocytes, is to carry oxygen from the
lungs to the body tissues and carbon
dioxide as a waste product, away from
the tissues and back to the
lungs. Hemoglobin (Hgb) is an
important protein in the red blood cells
that carries oxygen from the lungs to all
parts of our body.

12.  The main job of white blood cells,
or leukocytes, is to fight infection.
There are several types of white
blood cells and each has its own role
in fighting bacterial, viral, fungal,
and parasitic infections. Types of
white blood cells that are most
important for helping protect the
body from infection and foreign
cells include the following:

13.  Neutrophils
 Eosinophils
 Lymphocytes
 Monocytes
 Basophils
 White blood cells:
 Help heal wounds not only by fighting infection
but also by ingesting matter, such as dead cells,
tissue debris, and old red blood cells.
 Protect you from foreign bodies that enter the
blood stream, such as allergens.

14.  Are involved in the protection
against mutated cells, such as
cancer.
 The main job of platelets, or
thrombocytes, is blood clotting.
Platelets are much smaller in size
than the other blood cells. They
group together to form clumps, or a
plug, in the hole of a vessel to stop
bleeding

15.  A CBC count is a measurement of size, number, and
maturity of the different blood cells in the blood
sample. A CBC can be used to find problems with
either the production or destruction of blood cells.
Variations from the normal number, size, or maturity
of the blood cells can be used to mean there is an
infection or disease process. Often with an infection,
the number of white blood cells will be elevated.
Many forms of cancer can affect the production of
blood cells. For instance, an increase in the
immature white blood cells in a CBC can be
associated with leukemia. Blood diseases, such as
anemia and sickle cell disease, will cause an
abnormally low hemoglobin.

16.  CBC, which includes:
 White blood cell
count (WBC)
 Red blood cell count
(RBC)
 Platelet count
 Hematocrit red blood
cell volume (Hct)
 Hemoglobin (Hgb)
concentration. The
oxygen-carrying
pigment in red blood
cells
 Differential blood
count
To aid in diagnosing
anemia and other blood
disorders and certain
cancers of the blood; to
monitor blood loss and
infection; or to monitor
response to cancer therapy,
such as chemotherapy and
radiation

17. Platelet
count
To diagnose and
monitor bleeding
and clotting
disorders.

18. Prothrombin
time (PT)
and partial
thromboplast
in time
(PTT)
To evaluate bleeding
and clotting
disorders and to
monitor
anticoagulation
(anticlotting)
therapies.