The document provides information on the health status of India. It discusses India's population size and demographics. It then describes methods for measuring health status such as disease frequency, mortality rates, and the Human Development Index. The document outlines some of India's major health problems including communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and nutritional and environmental issues. It provides some health statistics for India and the state of Gujarat. It also discusses diseases that have been eradicated in India such as smallpox, guinea worm, and wild poliovirus.

1. Health Status of
India
Dr. Muhammedirfan H. Momin
Assistant Professor
Community Medicine Department
Government Medical College, Surat.

2.  5,000 year old ancient
civilization
 325 languages spoken
 18 official languages
>1 Billion population.
Worlds largest
democracy.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

3. Largest English speaking
nation
in the world.
 3rd largest standing army
force
 2nd largest pool of
scientists and engineers in
the World.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

4.  India is a
union of
28 states
and
 7 union
territories.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

5. DR IRFAN MOMIN

6. Urban and Rural Population in Gujarat in
2011
DR IRFAN MOMIN

7. The Measurement of Health Status
 Disease Frequency
 Cases
 Prevalence rate
 Incidence rate
 Deaths
◦ Case Fatality Rate
 Disability adjusted life years:
 Years of life lost to premature death
and years lived with disability
adjusted for the severity of the
disability. DR IRFAN MOMIN

8. The Measurement of Health Status
 Disease Distribution
 By time, place person
 Seasons, geographic area and age, sex,
caste, religion, ethnicity etc.
 Determinants of Disease
DR IRFAN MOMIN

9. Human Development Index (HDI)
1. Life expectancy at birth.
2. Education index.
3. GDP index.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

10. Human Development Index (HDI)
- 2011 Rankings
 Very High Human Development 01-47
 High Human Development 48-94
 Medium Human Development 95-141
 Low Human Development 142-169
1 = Norway
4 = United States
 101 = China
 134 = India
 187 = Congo
DR IRFAN MOMIN

11. Health Problems
Classification
1) Communicable diseases
2) Non Communicable
diseases
3) Nutritional problems
4) Environmental Sanitation
5) Medical Care problem
6) Population Problems
DR IRFAN MOMIN

12. Demographic issues or
population problems
• Population-1,21 ,01,93,422
• Density of population – 382 per
sq.km.
• 17.5% of world population is in
India.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

13. DR IRFAN MOMIN

14. • Gujarat
• Population – 6,03,83,628
(5% of India)
• Density – 308 per sq. km.
• Gujarat 10th on population
• 26 Districts
DR IRFAN MOMIN

15. India
Total Rural Urban
Birth Rate1 22.5 24.1 18.3
Death Rate1 7.3 7.8 5.8
Natural Growth Rate1 15.2 16.3 12.5
Infant Mortality Rate1 50 55 34
Sex-ratio 940 947 926
Population in 0-6 13.12 14.11 10.93
age group
Child sex-ratio 914 919 902
Literacy rate 74.04 68.91 84.98%
(1=SRS 2011) DR IRFAN MOMIN

16. Gujarat
Total Rural Urban
Birth Rate1 22.3 23.8 19.9
Death Rate1 6.9 7.7 5.6
Natural Growth Rate1 15.4 16.1 14.3
Infant Mortality Rate1 48 55 33
Sex-ratio 918 947 880
Population in 0-6 age 12.41 13.49 10.96
group
Child sex-ratio 886 906 852
Literacy rate 79.31 73 87.58
(1=SRS 2011)
DR IRFAN MOMIN

17. Statistics for Surat Municipal Corporation
*CENSUS 2011 Surat City
SEX RATIO 758 / 1000 Male*
CHILD SEX RATIO 813 / 1000 Boys*
CRUDE BIRTH RATE 18.25 / 1000 population
CRUDE DEATH RATE 4.37 / 1000 population
INFANT MORTALITY RATE 16.08 / 1000 live births
MATERNAL MORTALITY
0.41 / 1000 live births
RATE
LITERACY RATE 89.03 %*
MALE 92.76 %*
FEMALE 84.05 %*IRFAN MOMIN
DR

18. States literacy rate 2011
DR IRFAN MOMIN

19. Sex ratio
DR IRFAN MOMIN

20. DR IRFAN MOMIN

21. - 940
Sex-ratio (Adult)
DR IRFAN MOMIN

22.  Sex-ratio
India - 940
Gujarat – 918
Surat Dist-788
Surat city– 758
 Sex-ratioat 0-6 age group
India – 914
Gujarat – 886
Surat city- 813
DR IRFAN MOMIN

23. - 914
Sex-ratio (0-6 yrs)
DR IRFAN MOMIN

24. Sex-ratio 2011
DR IRFAN MOMIN

25. Child (0-6years) Sex-ratio 2011
DR IRFAN MOMIN

26. Sex Ratio & Child Sex-Ratio
DR IRFAN MOMIN

27. Rank Sex- ratio Rank
District
in 2011 2011 2001 in 2001
01 The Dangs 1007 987 02
02 Tapi 1004 996 01
03 Dohad 986 985 04
24 Kachchh 907 942 10
25 Ahmadabad 903 892 25
26 Surat 788 810
DR IRFAN MOMIN 26

28. The Measurement of Health Status
 Maternal mortality rate
◦ The number of women who die
as a result of childbirth and
pregnancy related complications
per 100,000 live births in a given
year
DR IRFAN MOMIN

29. Maternal Mortality Ratio
• India – 212 per 1,00,000 live births
• Gujarat – 148 per 1,00,000 live births
Source – Special bulletin on MMR in India (SRS) June 2011
DR IRFAN MOMIN

30. The Measurement of Health Status
 Infant mortality rate
◦ The number of deaths in infants
under 1 year per 1,000 live
births for a given year
DR IRFAN MOMIN

31. Infant Mortality Rates
79
65 64
57 57
27
11
6
DR IRFAN MOMIN

32. Infant Mortality Rate
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3
85
79
73
68
62
56 57
47
42
Urban Rural Total
DR IRFAN MOMIN

33. Marital Status
Percent of women age 20-24 married by
54 53
50 age 18
45
28
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3 Urban Rural
NFHS-3
DR IRFAN MOMIN

34. Desire for No More Children
among Women with 2 Children
83 90 88
72 76
66
61
47
37
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3
2 sons 1 son and 1 daughter 2 daughters
DR IRFAN MOMIN

35. Diseases
DR IRFAN MOMIN

36. Leading contributor in global diseases
1990 2020
1.Lower Rasp. Infec. 1.IHD
2.Diarrhoea 2.Major Depression
3.Prenatal condition 3.Road Traffic Injury
4.Unipolar major 4.Stroke
depression 5.COPD
5.IHD 6.Lower Resp. Inf.
6.Stroke 7.TB
7.TB /HIV 8.Perinatal condition
8.Measles 9.Diarrhea Diseases
9.Road traffic Injury 10.HIV
10.Congenital
DR IRFAN MOMIN

37. Top ten risk factors leading to Disease,
Disability or Death
Poorest countries Developed countries
1. Underweight 1. Tobacco
2. Unsafe sex 2. High blood pressure
3. Unsafe water & sanitatio 3. Alcohol
4. Indoor smoke & solid 4. High cholesterol
fuels 5. High BMI
5. Zinc Deficiency 6. Low Fruits and Veg Intake
6. Iron Deficiency 7. Physical inactivity
7. Vitamin A Deficiency 8. Illicit Drugs
8. High blood pressure 9. Unsafe sex
9. Tobacco use 10. Iron Deficiency
10. High cholesterol DR IRFAN MOMIN

38. Trends in Global Deaths 2002-30
Source: WorldIRFAN MOMIN
DR Health Statistics 2007

39. Major causes of death in children under 5 with
disease-specific contribution of undernutrition
DR IRFAN MOMIN

40. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
DR IRFAN MOMIN

41. Diseases Eradicated
 Small pox
 Guinea worm
 Polio
DR IRFAN MOMIN

42. Small pox
 It was endemic in 33 countries in 1967
 The last indigenous case in India
occurred on 17th may 1975 in Bihar.
 In April 1977 India was declared small
pox free.
 The worlds last case occurred in Somalia
(Africa) on 26 October 1977.
 The WHO declared on 8 May 1980 that
small pox has been eradicated.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

43. Guinea worm or
Dracunculosis
 Zero Incidence has been maintained
since August 1996 in India
 In February 2000, India has been certified
by WHO for the elimination of Guinea
worm Disease and on 15th February 2001
WHO declared India as “Guinea worm
Disease free”.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

44. Wild poliovirus cases, India
2000
1 WPV case in 2011 compared to 42 in
1750 2010
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011*
P1 wild P3 wild
* data as on 2 March 2012

45. WPV1 cases, India, 1998 - 2011
1750 1735
1487
1500
1250
1000
750 648
500 397
212 203
250
139 127
62 83 75 80
18 1
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011*
Year
* data as on 2 March 2012

46. Location of wild poliovirus cases by type,
India
WPVs 2011*
State P1 P3 Total
West Bengal 1 1
Total 1 1
* data as on 2 March 2012
Onset of
paralysis -
13 January
Howrah,
West
Bengal
DR IRFAN MOMIN

47. Polio
 Last case occurred in 13th January
2011 in West Bengal.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

48. Disease does not occur in
India
 Yellow Fever
DR IRFAN MOMIN

49. Communicable Diseases
 Malaria
 Tuberculosis
 Leprosy
 Diarrhea
 ARI
 HIV
DR IRFAN MOMIN

50. Malaria
Cases 1.52 million
(0.12%)
Deaths 924
PF % 49.56
DR IRFAN MOMIN

51. DR IRFAN MOMIN

52. Tuberculosis
Global Rank 1
Incidence ( all 170
cases) /100,000/year
Incidence ( new 75 /100,000/year
sp)
Prevalence 185/ 100,000
( all cases) (0.18 %)
TB mortality 24 /100,000/
DR IRFAN MOMIN

53. Diarrhea
Pathogen % of Cases
Viruses Rotavirus 15-25
Bacteria Escherichia coli 10-20
Shigella 5-15
Compylobactor jejuni 10-15
Vibrio Cholerae 01 5-10
Salmonella 1-5
Protozoan Cryptosporidium 5-15
s
DR IRFAN MOMIN

54. Cholera
Cases 3482
Deaths 12
Case Fatality 0.34%
Rate
DR IRFAN MOMIN

55. Typhoid Fever
 Endemic in India
Cases 1.03 million
( 10 lac)
Deaths 421
DR IRFAN MOMIN

56. Amoebiasis
 Prevalence 15%
DR IRFAN MOMIN

57. Hookwarm Infection
 Heavily infected areas are
 Assam,
 West Bengal,
 Bihar,
 Orissa,
 Andhra Pradesh,
 Tamilnadu,
 Kerala,
 Maharashtra.
 More than 200 million people are infected in
India DR IRFAN MOMIN

58. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
CASES 15,509
DEATHS 89
DR IRFAN MOMIN

59. Japanese Encephalitis
Cases 4482
Deaths 774
DR IRFAN MOMIN

60. Leptospirosis
 Occurs in
 South Gujarat,
 Kerala,
 Maharashtra,
 Andaman Nicobar.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

61. Plague
 Epidemic in 1994 in Surat
 Epidemic in 2004 in Uttarakashi
DR IRFAN MOMIN

62. Tetanus
Cases 2051
Deaths 160
DR IRFAN MOMIN

63. Neonatal Tetanus
Cases 889
Deaths 31
DR IRFAN MOMIN

64. Global Leprosy Situation
LEPROSY HAS BEEN
ELIMINATED FROM THE
WORLD
DR IRFAN MOMIN

65. Leprosy: 6 top countries
•6 top endemic countries: India,
Brazil, Myanmar, Madgascar,
Mozambique, Nepal contribute
85% of global case load:
(69% from India)
• 91% of global case new cases
(81% from India)
DR IRFAN MOMIN

66. Leprosy
 India achieved leprosy elimination in
December 2005
 By the end of march 2009, prevalence
rate of Leprosy was 0.72 cases per
10,000 population.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

67. Trend of Leprosy Prevalence & Annual New
Case Detection (ANCDR) Rates
30
25.9
PR
Prevalence & ANCDR
25
20.0 ANCDR
20
15
13.7
10.9
8.9
10
8.4 7.0 5.9
5.9 5.8 5.5 5.5
4.4
5 3.3
6.4 5.1 5.6 2.3 1.4
5.9 6.2 5.7 4.9 4.6 5.3 5.3 1.17
4.2 1.2
3.7 3.2 2.4 1.3
0
0.84 0.72 0.74
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Year (March End) IRFAN MOMIN
DR

68. Five endemic states are as follows:
1. Bihar
2. Chattisgarh
3. Jharkhand
4. Chandigarh
5. West Bengal
DR IRFAN MOMIN

69. State wise Contribution
New Leprosy Cases - year 2007-08
Karnataka,
Tamilnadu, 3.28, Delhi,
Orissa, Others,
4, 3% 0.97,
4.13, 4.85,
4% 1%
4% 5%
Uttar Pradesh,
22.54,
Madhya Pradesh, 23%
4.4,
4%
Jharkhand,
.94, 5%
Bihar,
Gujarat,
13.83,
5.25,
14%
5%
Chhattisgarh, West Bengal,
5.67, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, 9.84,
6% 7.3, 9, 10%
7% 9%
Contribution by six states 20.8% pop & 34.5% new cases
DR IRFAN MOMIN

70. Endemicity of Leprosy –
March.09
P.R.- 0.87
PM Dahod-2.25
2.22
Vadodara – 1.10
Bharuch Narmada- 1.26
P.R. 2.77
>5 Surat-1. 39
3-5 Navsari Dang – 4.26
2-3 2. 04
Valsad –2. 18
1 - 2 Gujaratachieved elimination as
<1 on Oct-04
DR IRFAN MOMIN

71. DR IRFAN MOMIN

72. Situation in Surat:
 Leprosy not eliminated from Surat
 The prevalence rate 1.44
 The new case detection rate 2.57 in
the year 2006.
 Male:female ratio as 58:42 (2006).
 Child cases among new cases of
leprosy 12.8% (2006).
 Multibacillary cases among new
cases 50.1%, 2006.
 Grade II disability 1.38% (2006).
DR IRFAN MOMIN

73. HIV
 Provisional estimates shows there are
22.7 lakh people living with HIV /AIDS.
 Estimated adult HIV Prevalence rate
is 0.28 %
DR IRFAN MOMIN

74. HIV Prevalence by Residence
and Sex, India
Women Men Total
Sex (%) (%) (%)
HIV prevalence rate is 60% higher
Urban among males than females and 40% 0.35
0.29 0.41
higher in urban areas than rural areas
Rural 0.18 0.32 0.25
India 0.22 0.36 0.28
DR IRFAN MOMIN

75. HIV
 High Prevalence states are
 Maharashtra,
 Tamilnadu,
 Karnataka,
 Andhra Pradesh,
 Manipur
 Nagaland.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

76. HIV
Groups Prevalence
IDU 9.2
MSM 7.4
FSW 4.9
Migrants 3.6
Truckers 2.5
STD 2.5
ANC 0.5
DR IRFAN MOMIN

77. AIDS Awareness
Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have
heard of AIDS
Urban Rural Total
Women 81
46
57
Men 94
73
80
DR IRFAN MOMIN

78. Non Communicable Diseases
Ischemic heart Prevalence
Disease %
Urban 9.6
Rural 2.7
DR IRFAN MOMIN

79. Coronary Heart Disease
Indices Urban Rural Total
Prevalen 6.4 2.5 3.7
ce
Death 0.8 0.4
rate
Per 1000
DALY per 2703.4 986.2
DR IRFAN MOMIN

80. Prevalence ( %) of Hypertension
among adults (> 25 years) , WHO
Male Female
India 23.1 22.6
China 29.8 25.6
Bangladesh 27.4 27.9
Sri Lanka 31.0 26.2
US 17.0 14.2
UK 27.7 19.1
Japan 26.4 16.7
DR IRFAN MOMIN

81. RULE OF HALVES
Total
Employees Employees on
1493 (100%) regular
Treatment 139
(9.3%)
Total
Hypertensive
455 (30.5%)
Employees
having
controlled
Known
Hypertension
Hypertensive
71 (4.7%)
197 (13.2%)
DR IRFAN MOMIN

82. Rheumatic Heart Disease
 Prevalence 5-7/1000 in 5-15 years
 There are 1 million cases of RHD in
India
DR IRFAN MOMIN

83. Accidents
World:
In developed countries -
 57% of male death and
 43% of female death in 10-24 yrs are
due to accidents.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

84. Cancer
World
 Every year- 10 million diagnosed
6 million die
Worldwide - Lung Cancer (12.3 %)
Breast Cancer(10.4%)
Colorectal Cancer(9.4%)
Death from cancer - Lung (17.8%)
Stomach (10.4%)
Liver (8.8 %)
DR IRFAN MOMIN

85. Male
most common (by most common (by
occurrence) mortality)[12]
prostate cancer (25%) lung cancer (31%)
lung cancer (15%) prostate cancer (10%)
colorectal cancer
colorectal cancer (8%)
(10%)
bladder cancer (7%) pancreatic cancer (6%)
non-Hodgkin liver & intrahepatic bile
lymphoma (5%) duct (4%)
DR IRFAN MOMIN

86. Female
most common (by most common (by
occurrence) mortality)[12]
breast cancer (26%) lung cancer (26%)
lung cancer (14%) breast cancer (15%)
colorectal cancer (10%) colorectal cancer (9%)
endometrial cancer (7%) pancreatic cancer (6%)
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
ovarian cancer (6%)
(4%) DR IRFAN MOMIN

87. India
 3.4 % of all deaths – cancer
 7 lakh new cases detected every year
 Males - Mouth/oropharynx
oesophagus
stomach
Lower respiratory tract
 Females - Cervix
Breast
Mouth/oropharynx
oesophagus DR IRFAN MOMIN

88. NUTRTIONAL PROBLEMS
 Under nutrition
 Obesity
 Anemia
 Vitamin A deficiency
 Vitamin B 12 deficiency
 Iodine Deficiency Disorders
 Zinc Deficiency
DR IRFAN MOMIN

89. Trends in Child Nutritional Status
Percent of children age under 3 years
NFHS-3 NFHS-2
51
45 43
40
23
20
Stunted Wasted Underweight
(Low-weight-for-
(Low-height-for- (Low-weight-for- age)
age) height) DR IRFAN MOMIN

90. DR IRFAN MOMIN

91. Anaemia among Children
Percent of children 6-35 months with anemia
79 81
72 74
Total Urban Rural NFHS-2
DR IRFAN MOMIN

92. Nutritional Status of Adults
Percent of women and men age
15-49
Women Men
55
36
34
24
13
9
BMI below normal Overweight/Obese Anaemic
DR IRFAN MOMIN

93. Malnutrition of Women by
Residence and Education
Percent of women age 15-49
60
50
7 7
13 13 14 11
40 24 21
30
20 41 42
36 35 35 36
25 25
10
0
al
n
an
s
l
l
s
s
ta
ta
ar
io
ar
ar
ur
rb
To
to
at
ye
ye
ye
R
U
uc
2
+
9
<8
S-
10
8-
ed
FH
o
N
N
Underweight Overweight MOMIN
DR IRFAN

94. Malnutrition of Men by
Residence and Education
Percent of men age 15-49
50
45
3 6
40 5 5
8
35
14
30 14
25
20 38 40 38 40
34
15 Overweight
27 25
10 Underweight
5
0
an
al
l
s
rs
n
s
ta
ar
ar
io
ur
a
rb
To
ye
ye
at
ye
R
U
uc
<8
+
9
8-
10
ed
o
N
DR IRFAN MOMIN

95. Vitamin B 12 Deficiency is in
increasing trend in Gujarat
?
DR IRFAN MOMIN

96. Child Immunization Trends
Percent of children age 12-23 months
vaccinated 62
BCG 72
78
54
Polio3 63
78
52
DPT3 55
55
42
Measles 51
59
35
All Vaccines 42
44
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3
DR IRFAN MOMIN

97. Selected Household Characteristics
Percent of households
93
Electricity 56
68
51
Piped water 12
25
83
Any toilet facility 26
45
Urban Rural Total
DR IRFAN MOMIN

98. India’s population to be the largest in
the world
India is set to overtake China as the
world's most populous nation by
2050.
India’s population is expected to
grow from 1.08bn to 1.63bn
people, overtaking China, which is
forecast to reach 1.44bn from
1.3bn currently.
India, will also have the highest
working population in the World —
700 million people out of 1.1 billion
people are young; the young
population will continue till 2050.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

99. Goldman Sachs Report of 1 October, 2003 –
"Dreaming with BRICs: The path to 2050"
India's GDP will reach $ 1 trillion by 2011,
$ 2 trillion by 2020,
$ 3 trillion by 2025,
$ 6 trillion by 2032,
$ 10 trillion by 2038, and
$ 27 trillion by 2050,
becoming the 3rd largest economy after USA and China.
In terms of GDP, India will overtake Italy by the year 2016,
France by 2019, UK by 2022,
Germany by 2023, and Japan by 2032.
DR IRFAN MOMIN

100. Thank You
Mobile: 9426845307 E-mail: drmhmomin@yahoo.co.in
DR IRFAN MOMIN