Theera-Ampornpunt N. Health information privacy: Asia's viewpoint. Presented at: Globalizing Asia: Health Law, Governance, and Policy - Issues, Approaches, and Gaps!; 2012 Apr 16-18; Bangkok, Thailand.
PowerPoint presentation from the Human Subjects Research Committee at the University of North Alabama,
in Florence, AL, concerning HIPAA policies and procedures.
HIPAA consent is the state of being in alignment with guidelines et by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 passed by the congress.
Theera-Ampornpunt N. Informatics in emergency medicine: a brief introduction. In: The International Conference in Emergency Medicine: Challenges in Emergency Medicine: It’s Time for Change!; 2012 Jan 30 - Feb 1; Bangkok, Thailand. Bangkok (Thailand): Mahidol University, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital; 2012 Feb.
PowerPoint presentation from the Human Subjects Research Committee at the University of North Alabama,
in Florence, AL, concerning HIPAA policies and procedures.
HIPAA consent is the state of being in alignment with guidelines et by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 passed by the congress.
Theera-Ampornpunt N. Informatics in emergency medicine: a brief introduction. In: The International Conference in Emergency Medicine: Challenges in Emergency Medicine: It’s Time for Change!; 2012 Jan 30 - Feb 1; Bangkok, Thailand. Bangkok (Thailand): Mahidol University, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital; 2012 Feb.
A presentation in March 2012 presented at the Ramathibodi Hospital Administration School, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand. Presentation partly in English and partly in Thai.
Theera-Ampornpunt N. Quality and regulatory compliance in health care. Presented at: Faculty of ICT, Mahidol University; 2012 Mar 13; Bangkok, Thailand.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) required the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to develop regulations protecting the privacy and security of certain health information.1 To fulfill this requirement, HHS published what are commonly known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule and the HIPAA Security Rule. The Privacy Rule, or Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information, establishes national standards for the protection of certain health information. The Security Standards for the Protection of Electronic Protected Health Information (the Security Rule) establish a national set of security standards for protecting certain health information that is held or transferred in electronic form. The Security Rule operationalizes the protections contained in the Privacy Rule by addressing the technical and non-technical safeguards that organizations called “covered entities” must put in place to secure individuals’ “electronic protected health information” (e-PHI). Within HHS, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) has responsibility for enforcing the Privacy and Security Rules with voluntary compliance activities and civil money penalties.
Prior to HIPAA, no generally accepted set of security standards or general requirements for protecting health information existed in the health care industry. At the same time, new technologies were evolving, and the health care industry began to move away from paper processes and rely more heavily on the use of electronic information systems to pay claims, answer eligibility questions, provide health information and conduct a host of other administrative and clinically based functions.
Today, providers are using clinical applications such as computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems, electronic health records (EHR), and radiology, pharmacy, and laboratory systems. Health plans are providing access to claims and care management, as well as member self-service applications. While this means that the medical workforce can be more mobile and efficient (i.e., physicians can check patient records and test results from wherever they are), the rise in the adoption rate of these technologies increases the potential security risks.
Startups operating in the health IT sector have a legal obligation to safeguard health records in their custody and ensure that they are securely retained and transferred.
Complying with the industry privacy laws can be daunting. In many cases, it can pose a barrier to entry for startups.
Whether you are new to the sector or want to deepen your understanding of the laws, we can help. A question-and-answer period will follow the main presentation.
TrustArc Webinar - Privacy in Healthcare_ Ensuring Data SecurityTrustArc
In a healthcare landscape where data flows are constant, and patient trust is paramount, it’s critical to understand and implement adequate data security and privacy practices. Start navigating the importance of privacy in healthcare for 2023 and beyond. Remembering that privacy is more than just checking a box is essential.
To better understand how to measure privacy in a healthcare setting correctly, healthcare leaders must understand how to grow and maintain privacy programs effectively and have insights into their privacy methods.
Whether you are wondering what data privacy is or already know, this webinar will help you better understand the importance of privacy in protecting you and your clients.
HIPAA and FDCPA Compliance for Process ServersLawgical
Process servers may not realize the effects HIPAA and FDCPA can have on their businesses. This slideshow, put together by Steve Glenn (PSACO President and NAPPS 1st Vice President) outlines the ways in which process servers are affected.
Presented at the BDMS Golden Jubilee Scientific Conference 2022 "BDMS Beyond 50 years: Looking towards the centennial," Bangkok Dusit Medical Services Public Company Limited (BDMS), Bangkok, Thailand on October 19, 2022
Presented at The Thai Medical Informatics Association Annual Conference and The National Conference on Medical Informatics (TMI-NCMedInfo) 2021, Bangkok, Thailand on November 26, 2021
Presented at the Master of Science Program in Medical Epidemiology and the Doctor of Philosophy Program in Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 25, 2021
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 15, 2021
Consumer Health Informatics, Mobile Health, and Social Media for Health: Part...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 10, 2021
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
4. Hippocratic Oath
...
What I may see or hear in the course of
treatment or even outside of the
treatment in regard to the life of men,
which on no account one must spread
abroad, I will keep myself holding such
things shameful to be spoken about.
...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocratic_Oath
7. Health Information Privacy Laws:
U.S. Federal Government
• Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
– Privacy Rule regulates use & disclosure of protected health
information held by covered entities
– Security Rule lays out security safeguards required for
compliance
• Administrative safeguards
• Physical safeguards
• Technical safeguards
– (New in HITECH Act of 2009)
• Breach notification
8. Health Information Privacy Laws:
Privacy Rule
Some permitted uses and disclosures
• Treatment, payment, health care operations
– Quality improvement
– Competency assurance
– Medical reviews & audits
– Insurance functions
– Business planning & administration
– General administrative activities
9. Health Information Privacy Laws:
U.S. Challenges
• Conflicts between federal vs. state laws
• Variations among state laws of different states
• HIPAA only covers “covered entities”
• No general privacy laws in place, only a few
sectoral privacy laws e.g. HIPAA
10. Health Information Privacy Laws:
Other Western Countries
• Canada - The Privacy Act (1983), Personal
Information Protection and Electronic Data Act
of 2000
• EU Countries - EU Data Protection Directive
• UK - Data Protection Act 1998
• Austria - Data Protection Act 2000
• Australia - Privacy Act of 1988
• Germany - Federal Data Protection Act of 2001
13. Declaration of Patient’s Rights (1998)
1. Every patient has the basic rights to receive health service as have been legally enacted in the Thai Constitution BE 2540.
2. The patient is entitled to receive full medical services regardless of their status, race, nationality, religion, social standing,
political affiliation sex, age, and the nature of their illness from their medical practitioner.
3. Patients who seek medical services have the rights to receive their complete current information in order to thoroughly
understand about their illness from their medical practitioner. Furthermore, the patient can either voluntarily consent or refuse
treatment from the medical practitioner treating him/her except in case of emergency or life threatening situation.
4. Patients at risk, in critical condition or near death, is entitled to receive urgent and immediate relief from their medical
practitioner as necessary, regardless of whether the patient requests assistance or not.
5. The patient has the rights to know the name-surname and the specialty of the practitioner under whose care he/she is in.
6. It is the right of the patient to request a second opinion from other medical practitioner in other specialties, who is not
involved in the immediate care of him/her as well as the right to change the place of medical service or treatment, as
requested by the patient without prejudice.
7. The patient has the rights to expect that their personal
information are kept confidential by the medical
practitioner, the only exception being in cases with the
consent of the patient or due to legal obligation.
8. The patient is entitled to demand complete current information regarding his role in the research and the risks involved, in
order to make decision to participate in/or withdraw from the medical research being carried out by their health care provider.
9. The patient has the rights to know or demand full and current information about their medical treatment as appeared in the
medical record as requested. With respect to this, the information obtained must not infringe upon other individual's rights.
10. The father/mother or legal representative may use their rights in place of a child under the age of eighteen or who is
physically or mentally handicapped wherein they could not exercise their own rights.
Issued on April 16, 1998 (BE 2541)
14. Thailand’s Official Information
Act (1997)
• Ascertains rights of the public to request and
obtain access to official information in a
government’s control (including public
providers)
• Except
– When disclosure would jeopardize law enforcement
or may harm others, etc.
– Disclosure of personal information without consent
(except otherwise permitted by law)
15. National Health Act, B.E. 2550 (2007)
Section 7. Personal health information shall be
kept confidential. No person shall disclose it in
such a manner as to cause damage to him or her,
unless it is done according to his or her will, or is
required by a specific law to do so. Provided that,
in any case whatsoever, no person shall have the
power or right under the law on official information
or other laws to request for a document related to
personal health information of any person other
than himself or herself.
16. Health Information Privacy Laws:
Thailand’s Challenges
• Official Information Act only covers
governmental organizations
• “Disclose as a rule, protect as an exception”
not appropriate mindset for health information
• National Health Act: One blanket provision
with minimal exceptions: raising concerns about
enforceability (in exceptional circumstances,
e.g. disasters)
17. Health Information Privacy Laws:
Thailand’s Challenges
• No general data privacy law in place
• Unclear implications from ICT laws (e.g.
Electronic Transactions Act)
• Governance: No governmental authority
responsible for oversight, enforcement &
regulation of health information privacy
protections
• Policy: No systematic national policy to
promote privacy protections
20. Health Information Privacy Laws:
Recommendations
• Each country has its unique context, including
legal systems, national priorities, public
mindset, and infrastructure
• A comprehensive & systematic approach to
data privacy and health information privacy is
still lacking in some countries such as Thailand
• Key issues include enforceable regulations,
governance, and national policy