This document summarizes a report that examines the potential toxic effects of fluoride ingestion and compares disease rates between fluoridated Ireland and non-fluoridated areas. It finds significantly higher rates of numerous diseases in fluoridated Ireland, including early onset dementia, sudden infant death syndrome, various cancers, respiratory disease, diabetes, and Down syndrome. Experts in fluoride toxicity endorse the report and its importance in potentially ending fluoridation practices.
This document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), including its causes, presentations, burden, measurements, risk factors, prevention strategies, and intervention trials. It notes that CHD is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and is a leading cause of death. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, genetics, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Prevention strategies involve population-wide approaches like diet/lifestyle changes and controlling risk factors, identifying and counseling high-risk individuals, and secondary prevention after events. Several trials showed community programs and clinical interventions can significantly reduce CHD incidence.
Smoking has significant negative impacts on renal function and increases the risks of kidney disease in several ways:
1) Smoking increases the risks of albuminuria, renal impairment, and faster decline of kidney function in the general population.
2) In patients with diabetes or hypertension, smoking promotes faster progression of kidney disease and doubles the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.
3) Smoking also increases risks of kidney dysfunction in patients with primary kidney diseases, accelerates loss of kidney transplants, and is associated with higher cardiovascular and infection-related mortality in hemodialysis patients.
http://www.thinkred.co.za/get-involved/events | Thousands of people around the globe are affected by at least one type of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) every day. This only emphasises the importance of heart health in this day and age. Learn what CVD is about the impact that it has had on people over the years. With simple diet and lifestyle changes many diagnosed individuals can overcome this threat.
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD) and its epidemiology in India. It provides three real stories about myocardial infarctions occurring in young individuals to illustrate the severity of the issue. It then presents statistics on the leading causes of death in India, showing that cardiovascular diseases are becoming more common, now accounting for over a third of deaths and occurring at younger ages compared to developed countries. The document discusses the traditional risk factors for CAD, including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, lack of exercise, and family history. It provides data on the prevalence of these risk factors in India. The document emphasizes that risk factor assessment is not prevalent in India's public health system. It concludes by describing clinical features of
Risk factors of Nephro Urology ConditionsSANJAY SIR
it will help the paramedics & nursing personnel to enhance their knowledge regarding risk factors associated with nephrology & urological conditions & also helps in teaching paramedics & nursing.
ANTHONY KEEL RESEARCH PROPOSAL 17 MAY 2013Anthony Keel
This document discusses high blood pressure and hypertension in the African American community. It notes that African Americans have a higher rate of hypertension than other races. Some of the key causes identified include diet, genetics, income levels, and attitudes towards healthcare. The consequences of untreated hypertension can be severe, including damage to arteries, heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and even brain damage at a young age. Effectively addressing the causes of hypertension in the African American community could help reduce these health impacts.
Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases - an English Approach. Lynam E. Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases (Madrid: Ministry of Health and Social Policy; 2010).
This document discusses the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease. It defines the cardiovascular system as including the heart and blood vessels which transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. It notes that heart disease is the number one cause of death in the US, accounting for over 950,000 deaths per year. Regular cardiovascular exercise can help reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease and provide benefits like improved heart health and better management of body weight.
This document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), including its causes, presentations, burden, measurements, risk factors, prevention strategies, and intervention trials. It notes that CHD is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and is a leading cause of death. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, genetics, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Prevention strategies involve population-wide approaches like diet/lifestyle changes and controlling risk factors, identifying and counseling high-risk individuals, and secondary prevention after events. Several trials showed community programs and clinical interventions can significantly reduce CHD incidence.
Smoking has significant negative impacts on renal function and increases the risks of kidney disease in several ways:
1) Smoking increases the risks of albuminuria, renal impairment, and faster decline of kidney function in the general population.
2) In patients with diabetes or hypertension, smoking promotes faster progression of kidney disease and doubles the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.
3) Smoking also increases risks of kidney dysfunction in patients with primary kidney diseases, accelerates loss of kidney transplants, and is associated with higher cardiovascular and infection-related mortality in hemodialysis patients.
http://www.thinkred.co.za/get-involved/events | Thousands of people around the globe are affected by at least one type of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) every day. This only emphasises the importance of heart health in this day and age. Learn what CVD is about the impact that it has had on people over the years. With simple diet and lifestyle changes many diagnosed individuals can overcome this threat.
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD) and its epidemiology in India. It provides three real stories about myocardial infarctions occurring in young individuals to illustrate the severity of the issue. It then presents statistics on the leading causes of death in India, showing that cardiovascular diseases are becoming more common, now accounting for over a third of deaths and occurring at younger ages compared to developed countries. The document discusses the traditional risk factors for CAD, including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, lack of exercise, and family history. It provides data on the prevalence of these risk factors in India. The document emphasizes that risk factor assessment is not prevalent in India's public health system. It concludes by describing clinical features of
Risk factors of Nephro Urology ConditionsSANJAY SIR
it will help the paramedics & nursing personnel to enhance their knowledge regarding risk factors associated with nephrology & urological conditions & also helps in teaching paramedics & nursing.
ANTHONY KEEL RESEARCH PROPOSAL 17 MAY 2013Anthony Keel
This document discusses high blood pressure and hypertension in the African American community. It notes that African Americans have a higher rate of hypertension than other races. Some of the key causes identified include diet, genetics, income levels, and attitudes towards healthcare. The consequences of untreated hypertension can be severe, including damage to arteries, heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and even brain damage at a young age. Effectively addressing the causes of hypertension in the African American community could help reduce these health impacts.
Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases - an English Approach. Lynam E. Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases (Madrid: Ministry of Health and Social Policy; 2010).
This document discusses the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease. It defines the cardiovascular system as including the heart and blood vessels which transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. It notes that heart disease is the number one cause of death in the US, accounting for over 950,000 deaths per year. Regular cardiovascular exercise can help reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease and provide benefits like improved heart health and better management of body weight.
Cardiovascular prevention. com is a website for prevention of cardiovascular disease. In this slide presentation you can find the burden of cardiovascular disease in same Countries
Improving the Physical health care of people with mental ill health: Cardiovascular health of people with serious mental illness National Learning Network Event 29th April 2015.
Main Slide: NHS IQ CVD SMI LNE 29 April 2015 slides - 1-152
BREAKOUT 1_PATIENT VOICE slides 153-161
BREAKOUT 2a_IMPROVING CARDIOVASCULAR CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH SMI - slides 162-188
BREAKOUT 2b_UCLP PROGRAMME ON CVDSMI - slides 188-195
BREAKOUT 3_PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH - slides 196-212
BREAKOUT 4_REASONS FOR TEWVS SUCCESS - slides 213-225
BREAKOUT 5_ PHYSICAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING - slides 226-243
BREAKOUT 6_SHAPE - slides 244-271
BREAKOUT 7_SCREENING FOR CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS - slides 272 -296
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among diabetes patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. The study found a cardiovascular disease prevalence of 54.1% among the 98 diabetes patients. Hypertension was the most common complication at 53%, followed by diabetic retinopathy at 14%. Poor blood sugar monitoring and control was also observed. The study concludes that the cardiovascular disease prevalence among diabetes patients is high, calling for improved diabetes management and care.
Chronic diseases are a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Developing countries are experiencing a rapid rise in chronic diseases due to successful control of infectious diseases, the spread of smoking, and urbanization leading to less exercise and less healthy diets. Over the next 10 years in India, over 60 million people will die from chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. This rise in chronic diseases will have a significant economic impact and burden on healthcare systems. Lifestyle changes such as avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight and diet, and regular exercise can prevent the majority of chronic diseases.
What are the cardiovascular disorders?
Public Health importance
Burden of disease
Risk factors of cardiovascular disorders
Causation
Prevention strategies
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs
India - National programme (NPCDCS)
Stroke INDIA epidemiology I.S.M CENTRAL CAMPUSABHISHEK
Stroke is a major health issue in India, with prevalence rates ranging from 84-262 per 100,000 people in rural areas to 334-424 per 100,000 in urban areas. The incidence of stroke is projected to rise from 89 per 100,000 people in 2005 to 98 per 100,000 people by 2030. Stroke is the third most common cause of death in India after cancer and ischemic heart disease, and is the most common cause of severe physical disability. Preventing stroke involves addressing underlying risk factors such as maintaining a healthy diet and weight, exercising regularly, avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption. Risk factors include age, sex, race, family history, and birth weight, as well as modifiable factors like hypertension,
Alcohol and chronic diseases: complex relations. Guillemont J. Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases (Madrid: Ministry of Health and Social Policy; 2010).
The document discusses health challenges related to cardiovascular disease in India in the new century. Some key points:
- Cardiovascular disease is a growing problem in India, affecting people at younger ages than in other countries, with the average heart patient being 52 years old.
- Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in India include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, stress, and genetics.
- Cardiovascular disease is also increasingly affecting women in India at younger ages, as early as their 20s and 30s, due to lifestyle changes like lack of exercise and poor diets.
- Over 70% of India's urban population is estimated to be at risk of cardiovascular
1. Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease characterized by progressively rising blood glucose levels and worsening insulin resistance, which are major causes of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that over 16 million people suffering from diabetes live in the Eastern Mediterranean Region alone.
2. The document discusses the different types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. It provides details on the causes and complications of diabetes, noting that uncontrolled diabetes can cause numerous serious complications affecting many organs and tissues over time.
3. The goal of diabetes treatment is to control blood sugar levels, but the methods vary depending on the type of diabetes. Current therapies have problems with compliance, effectiveness, and side effects, highlighting the need
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. The prevalence of diabetes has risen dramatically worldwide over the past few decades. Diabetes greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease like coronary artery disease. Patients with diabetes have a 2-4 times higher risk of cardiovascular disease and it often develops decades earlier than in non-diabetic patients. Diabetes contributes to both microvascular complications like nephropathy and retinopathy as well as macrovascular complications from atherosclerosis.
Represents 30% of all deaths worldwide (15 million deaths/year)
Leading cause of death and disability
CVD burden in developing countries
Risk factors worldwide
Low and middle income countries now account for over 75% of global cardiovascular disease deaths. In India, cardiovascular diseases are a growing epidemic due to increasing risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity accompanying urbanization. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases aims to promote healthy lifestyles and provide screening, treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases nationwide. Globally, the WHO's action plan targets a 25% reduction in premature deaths from non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease by 2025 through cooperation between countries.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Canada, accounting for over 78,000 deaths in 1998. While mortality rates have declined, it remains unclear if incidence rates have also decreased. Women experience a 10 year delay in onset compared to men but have higher rates of hospitalization and longer hospital stays. Risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes disproportionately impact women's cardiovascular health. Vulnerable subgroups including low-income women and some ethnic minorities experience even greater rates of cardiovascular disease.
This study explored risk factors for coronary artery disease among Lebanese and Armenian women in Lebanon. The authors conducted a descriptive study using a convenience sample of 83 women who attended health discussions at a medical center. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics and health history and underwent clinical exams including blood pressure, BMI, and blood tests. The results found a high prevalence of risk factors including being over 50, post-menopausal, overweight, hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic, and having a family history of sudden cardiac deaths. While the sample was limited, the authors concluded that coronary artery disease is a significant health issue for women as well as men.
This document discusses various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and hypertension. It provides definitions and descriptions of diseases such as arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart attack, angina pectoris, rheumatic fever, heart rhythm abnormalities, and congestive heart failure. The document also discusses cancer types including carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, and leukemia. It outlines guidelines for cancer screening and ways to treat cancer including radiation therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and anti-cancer drugs. Risk factors for NCDs mentioned include malnutrition, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol.
Cigarette smoking is causally associated with non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes through several mechanisms. Smoking induces cardiovascular diseases by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, and risk of clotting. It causes cancer by introducing carcinogens into the lungs and body that can damage DNA and cause uncontrolled cell growth. Smoking contributes to chronic lung diseases like COPD and lung cancer by damaging lung tissue, impairing function, and containing carcinogens. It is also an independent risk factor for diabetes.
The document discusses various screening tools for assessing risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as the WHO NCD Risk Assessment tool. It describes tools for screening major NCD risk factors like obesity, smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and stress. The WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance is also summarized. Recommended screening tests for diseases like diabetes, hypertension, breast cancer, lung cancer, and vision problems are outlined. Screening tools for substance abuse and addiction assessment are also mentioned.
NCDs, also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors.
The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Concerned Complications and Target OrgansApollo Hospitals
Diabetes has been considered as the most dreaded non-communicable disease consuming the mankind rapidly. WHO has predicted the number of diabetics to be approximately 366 millions by 2030. The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia and the basic symptoms are polyphagia, polydipsia and polyuria. The autoimmune type 1 diabetes represent almost 1% of the total diabetic population, the rest being that of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Type 2 diabetes has been linked to a variety of factors such as heredity, environmental factors, unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, stress etc. The uncontrolled hyperglycemia has profound deleterious effects on almost all the organs and results in various cardiovascular disorders, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Recent studies have revealed an array of pulmonary dysfunctions related with T2D ranging from respiratory defects to tuberculosis. Diabetes also predisposes the person to hepatic dysfunctions like NAFLD and HCC and a range of infections at various sites which are difficult to manage. Post-surgical infections are of special interest for subjects with uncontrolled hyperglycemia prior to surgery. Scientists all over the world are revealing different pathways and associated therapies for type 2 diabetes in order to control the pathological effects covering almost whole body physiology.
This document discusses the potential health risks of fluoridated water based on several studies and legal cases. It summarizes research finding reductions in IQ and neurological effects in animals associated with fluoride exposure. Autopsies of human brains also found anatomical changes in areas related to memory and sensory processing in fluoridated areas. Legal cases in the 1970s found fluoride could cause cancer, genetic damage, and chronic toxicity. While proponents claim fluoridation reduced tooth decay, the document cites a study finding comparable rates of decay between fluoridated and non-fluoridated cities. In conclusion, this document raises questions about the safety of fluoridating public water supplies.
Fluoride helps strengthen the enamel. It keeps it strong and protected from the toxic acids released by bacteria after they have digested food debris found in the creases of the teeth.
Cardiovascular prevention. com is a website for prevention of cardiovascular disease. In this slide presentation you can find the burden of cardiovascular disease in same Countries
Improving the Physical health care of people with mental ill health: Cardiovascular health of people with serious mental illness National Learning Network Event 29th April 2015.
Main Slide: NHS IQ CVD SMI LNE 29 April 2015 slides - 1-152
BREAKOUT 1_PATIENT VOICE slides 153-161
BREAKOUT 2a_IMPROVING CARDIOVASCULAR CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH SMI - slides 162-188
BREAKOUT 2b_UCLP PROGRAMME ON CVDSMI - slides 188-195
BREAKOUT 3_PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH - slides 196-212
BREAKOUT 4_REASONS FOR TEWVS SUCCESS - slides 213-225
BREAKOUT 5_ PHYSICAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING - slides 226-243
BREAKOUT 6_SHAPE - slides 244-271
BREAKOUT 7_SCREENING FOR CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS - slides 272 -296
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among diabetes patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. The study found a cardiovascular disease prevalence of 54.1% among the 98 diabetes patients. Hypertension was the most common complication at 53%, followed by diabetic retinopathy at 14%. Poor blood sugar monitoring and control was also observed. The study concludes that the cardiovascular disease prevalence among diabetes patients is high, calling for improved diabetes management and care.
Chronic diseases are a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Developing countries are experiencing a rapid rise in chronic diseases due to successful control of infectious diseases, the spread of smoking, and urbanization leading to less exercise and less healthy diets. Over the next 10 years in India, over 60 million people will die from chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. This rise in chronic diseases will have a significant economic impact and burden on healthcare systems. Lifestyle changes such as avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight and diet, and regular exercise can prevent the majority of chronic diseases.
What are the cardiovascular disorders?
Public Health importance
Burden of disease
Risk factors of cardiovascular disorders
Causation
Prevention strategies
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs
India - National programme (NPCDCS)
Stroke INDIA epidemiology I.S.M CENTRAL CAMPUSABHISHEK
Stroke is a major health issue in India, with prevalence rates ranging from 84-262 per 100,000 people in rural areas to 334-424 per 100,000 in urban areas. The incidence of stroke is projected to rise from 89 per 100,000 people in 2005 to 98 per 100,000 people by 2030. Stroke is the third most common cause of death in India after cancer and ischemic heart disease, and is the most common cause of severe physical disability. Preventing stroke involves addressing underlying risk factors such as maintaining a healthy diet and weight, exercising regularly, avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption. Risk factors include age, sex, race, family history, and birth weight, as well as modifiable factors like hypertension,
Alcohol and chronic diseases: complex relations. Guillemont J. Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases (Madrid: Ministry of Health and Social Policy; 2010).
The document discusses health challenges related to cardiovascular disease in India in the new century. Some key points:
- Cardiovascular disease is a growing problem in India, affecting people at younger ages than in other countries, with the average heart patient being 52 years old.
- Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in India include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, stress, and genetics.
- Cardiovascular disease is also increasingly affecting women in India at younger ages, as early as their 20s and 30s, due to lifestyle changes like lack of exercise and poor diets.
- Over 70% of India's urban population is estimated to be at risk of cardiovascular
1. Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease characterized by progressively rising blood glucose levels and worsening insulin resistance, which are major causes of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that over 16 million people suffering from diabetes live in the Eastern Mediterranean Region alone.
2. The document discusses the different types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. It provides details on the causes and complications of diabetes, noting that uncontrolled diabetes can cause numerous serious complications affecting many organs and tissues over time.
3. The goal of diabetes treatment is to control blood sugar levels, but the methods vary depending on the type of diabetes. Current therapies have problems with compliance, effectiveness, and side effects, highlighting the need
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. The prevalence of diabetes has risen dramatically worldwide over the past few decades. Diabetes greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease like coronary artery disease. Patients with diabetes have a 2-4 times higher risk of cardiovascular disease and it often develops decades earlier than in non-diabetic patients. Diabetes contributes to both microvascular complications like nephropathy and retinopathy as well as macrovascular complications from atherosclerosis.
Represents 30% of all deaths worldwide (15 million deaths/year)
Leading cause of death and disability
CVD burden in developing countries
Risk factors worldwide
Low and middle income countries now account for over 75% of global cardiovascular disease deaths. In India, cardiovascular diseases are a growing epidemic due to increasing risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity accompanying urbanization. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases aims to promote healthy lifestyles and provide screening, treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases nationwide. Globally, the WHO's action plan targets a 25% reduction in premature deaths from non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease by 2025 through cooperation between countries.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Canada, accounting for over 78,000 deaths in 1998. While mortality rates have declined, it remains unclear if incidence rates have also decreased. Women experience a 10 year delay in onset compared to men but have higher rates of hospitalization and longer hospital stays. Risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes disproportionately impact women's cardiovascular health. Vulnerable subgroups including low-income women and some ethnic minorities experience even greater rates of cardiovascular disease.
This study explored risk factors for coronary artery disease among Lebanese and Armenian women in Lebanon. The authors conducted a descriptive study using a convenience sample of 83 women who attended health discussions at a medical center. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics and health history and underwent clinical exams including blood pressure, BMI, and blood tests. The results found a high prevalence of risk factors including being over 50, post-menopausal, overweight, hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic, and having a family history of sudden cardiac deaths. While the sample was limited, the authors concluded that coronary artery disease is a significant health issue for women as well as men.
This document discusses various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and hypertension. It provides definitions and descriptions of diseases such as arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart attack, angina pectoris, rheumatic fever, heart rhythm abnormalities, and congestive heart failure. The document also discusses cancer types including carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, and leukemia. It outlines guidelines for cancer screening and ways to treat cancer including radiation therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and anti-cancer drugs. Risk factors for NCDs mentioned include malnutrition, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol.
Cigarette smoking is causally associated with non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes through several mechanisms. Smoking induces cardiovascular diseases by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, and risk of clotting. It causes cancer by introducing carcinogens into the lungs and body that can damage DNA and cause uncontrolled cell growth. Smoking contributes to chronic lung diseases like COPD and lung cancer by damaging lung tissue, impairing function, and containing carcinogens. It is also an independent risk factor for diabetes.
The document discusses various screening tools for assessing risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as the WHO NCD Risk Assessment tool. It describes tools for screening major NCD risk factors like obesity, smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and stress. The WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance is also summarized. Recommended screening tests for diseases like diabetes, hypertension, breast cancer, lung cancer, and vision problems are outlined. Screening tools for substance abuse and addiction assessment are also mentioned.
NCDs, also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors.
The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Concerned Complications and Target OrgansApollo Hospitals
Diabetes has been considered as the most dreaded non-communicable disease consuming the mankind rapidly. WHO has predicted the number of diabetics to be approximately 366 millions by 2030. The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia and the basic symptoms are polyphagia, polydipsia and polyuria. The autoimmune type 1 diabetes represent almost 1% of the total diabetic population, the rest being that of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Type 2 diabetes has been linked to a variety of factors such as heredity, environmental factors, unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, stress etc. The uncontrolled hyperglycemia has profound deleterious effects on almost all the organs and results in various cardiovascular disorders, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Recent studies have revealed an array of pulmonary dysfunctions related with T2D ranging from respiratory defects to tuberculosis. Diabetes also predisposes the person to hepatic dysfunctions like NAFLD and HCC and a range of infections at various sites which are difficult to manage. Post-surgical infections are of special interest for subjects with uncontrolled hyperglycemia prior to surgery. Scientists all over the world are revealing different pathways and associated therapies for type 2 diabetes in order to control the pathological effects covering almost whole body physiology.
This document discusses the potential health risks of fluoridated water based on several studies and legal cases. It summarizes research finding reductions in IQ and neurological effects in animals associated with fluoride exposure. Autopsies of human brains also found anatomical changes in areas related to memory and sensory processing in fluoridated areas. Legal cases in the 1970s found fluoride could cause cancer, genetic damage, and chronic toxicity. While proponents claim fluoridation reduced tooth decay, the document cites a study finding comparable rates of decay between fluoridated and non-fluoridated cities. In conclusion, this document raises questions about the safety of fluoridating public water supplies.
Fluoride helps strengthen the enamel. It keeps it strong and protected from the toxic acids released by bacteria after they have digested food debris found in the creases of the teeth.
Presentation on Health and Environmental Impacts of water fluoridation 2012Declan Waugh
This presentation examines why several European countries stopped fluoridating their drinking water supplies. Denmark banned fluoridation when its environmental agency pointed out long-term effects of low fluoride intake were unknown. Sweden also rejected fluoridation on the recommendation of a commission that found combined long-term environmental effects of fluoride were insufficiently known. Studies in Sweden, Germany, and the US have found that excessive fluoride intake can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis, and may increase risks of bone fractures and joint stiffness. Risks are greater for babies and young children, as fluoride is more readily absorbed and retained in developing bones. Total fluoride intake from all sources needs further study to properly assess risks versus benefits.
Fluoride-What You Should Know About Municipal Water FluoridationJohn Fisher
Do you know where the fluoride in your drinking water comes from? If you don't, you should. You can take action by becoming a member of the Fluoride Action Network, and letting your voice be heard. If you are an opponent being involuntarily fluoridated, I strongly encourage you to write to your municipal water authority, your Mayor, your City Council, and your State and Local government authorities.
Water Fluoridation Presentation to Irish Doctors Environmental Association No...Declan Waugh
Water fluoridation presentation addressing risk assessment, total fluoride exposure, tea consumption, cancer and morbidity in Ireland, fluoride effects on protein synthesis and how fluoride contributes to disease by altering specific protetins, fluoride and pediatric asthma and heart disease
Fluoridation, the scientific fraud of a centuryMartin Peniak
An overwhelming number of independent scientific research has shown that fluoride is a neurotoxin causing lower IQs[1], cancer[2][3], changing bone structure and strength[4-11], birth defects and prenatal deaths[12], acute adverse reactions[13][14], skeletal fluorosis[15][16], increased lead levels in blood[17], osteoarthritis[18], repetitive stress injury[19], permanent disfigurement of teeth in children[20], inhibiting of key enzymes and negatively affecting neural system[21], suppressed thyroid function[22-27], acute poisoning and impairment of the immune system[14].
Community Water Fluoridation: What's the Evidence?Health Evidence™
A webinar hosted by the Health Evidence team, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (KTB-112487), interpreting the evidence in the topic area of community water fluoridation.
This document provides information on alcoholic liver disease, including its incidence, progression, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical findings, diagnostic testing, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and screening tools. Some key points:
- Heavy alcohol use can lead to fatty liver in 90-100% of people within 10 years, while only 10-35% will develop alcoholic steatohepatitis and 8-20% will progress to cirrhosis.
- Risk is increased by factors like younger age of onset, female sex, certain ethnicities, coinfection with hepatitis B or C, iron overload, and obesity.
- Alcohol causes liver injury through mechanisms like centrilobular hypoxia, neutrophil infiltration, antigen formation,
Nutritional Therapists of Ireland, Health Impacts of Water Fluoridation May 2014Declan Waugh
This document provides a summary of a presentation on the health effects of fluoridating drinking water. The summary includes:
1) Contrary to claims by some health authorities, fluoride is not an essential nutrient for humans. According to the European Food Safety Authority, fluoride has no known essential function in human growth and development.
2) Currently, only about 5% of the world's population consumes artificially fluoridated water, with the majority being in the US, Brazil, Australia, Ireland and Singapore.
3) The presentation argues that fluoride exposure increases respiratory disease by impairing lung development and function, increasing inflammation, and altering lung microbiota. Countries with the highest levels of artificial water fluoridation
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases are major causes of death in Uganda. Risk factors like tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and alcohol consumption are driving the growth of NCDs. Urbanization and nutritional transitions are also contributing to the rising rates of NCDs in Uganda. While data is still limited, studies show a substantial disease burden from NCDs in Uganda.
This document discusses four major non-communicable diseases: cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases. It defines non-communicable diseases as conditions that are not passed from person to person but rather are caused by multiple factors like lifestyle and environment. For each disease, it provides facts, risk factors, prevention methods, and treatment approaches. The main points are that tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and air pollution are major risk factors, and that controlling these through prevention programs and medical treatment could significantly reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases.
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of cancer,pptRajeeeeeeeeeeev
The document discusses chronic diseases and their risk factors. It summarizes that chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and respiratory diseases, cause 63% of all deaths worldwide. Risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption contribute to many chronic diseases and cancers. The document provides details on specific chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and overweight/obesity. It discusses the types, symptoms, worldwide prevalence and prevention strategies for these conditions.
Epidemiology and nursing management of non communicable diseasemanas paul
This document provides an overview of non-communicable diseases including definitions, causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and methods for prevention and control. It covers several common non-communicable diseases like malnutrition, anemia, hypertension, stroke, rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, blindness, accidents, mental illness, obesity, iodine deficiency, fluorosis, and epilepsy. Key topics discussed for each disease include epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and importance of early detection and lifestyle modifications for prevention.
Iron Status Audit Among Women of Reproductive Age Attending a Tertiary Hospital in South- East Region of Nigeria: A Frontier for Achieving Millennium Development Goals
Assessment of the Prevalence of Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors among the O...Scientific Review SR
This document summarizes a study that assessed cardiovascular risk factors among two ethnic groups in Rivers State, Nigeria.
The study measured blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood sugar levels, smoking status, and other factors in 200 subjects from the Ogoni and Ikwerre ethnic groups. Mean values for factors like age, blood pressure, and BMI were calculated and compared between males and females within each ethnic group. Several cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity were found to be prevalent. The highest BMI values indicating obesity were found in male smokers, diabetics, and hypertensives, showing their higher risk for cardiovascular disease.
This document discusses the dynamics and abuse of alcohol. It summarizes that alcohol abuse and dependence are chronic diseases influenced by genetic and environmental factors. It then discusses the pharmacokinetics of alcohol metabolism and various medical issues associated with alcoholism, including withdrawal symptoms, effects on organ systems like the liver and heart, cancers, and other conditions.
Hypercalcemia is a condition defined by abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood. It has many potential causes, including primary hyperparathyroidism, various cancers, and certain medications. Symptoms can include frequent urination, fatigue, nausea, and muscle weakness. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure calcium levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include increased fluid intake, medication changes, surgery, or intravenous fluids in severe cases.
Smoking is now recognized as a chronic, relapsing disorder caused by addiction to nicotine. It has become the leading preventable cause of mortality and morbidity over the years. Tobacco smoking kills approximately 50 lakh (5 million) people in India every year, with 1 death occurring every 6 seconds. Smoking causes numerous life-threatening health issues like cancer, heart disease, strokes, lung disease, premature birth and low birth weight babies, tuberculosis, and vision and bone loss. Quitting smoking significantly reduces health risks over time.
Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects many people globally. In Malaysia, the number of diabetes cases has doubled over the past decade due to risk factors like obesity, lack of exercise, and diets high in sugar and processed foods. Similarly, Sri Lanka faces a growing diabetes problem, with over 1 million adults affected. Both countries aim to curb diabetes rates through education campaigns, screening programs, and initiatives to promote healthier lifestyles.
Awareness of Hypertension and Adult Education as a Preventive Measure among A...ijtsrd
This study investigated the awareness of hypertension and adult Education as a preventive measure among adults in Ikereku community of Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State. The level and rate of awareness of hypertension among adults in Ikereku steps to be taken by an individual and health workers in controlling the disease were the purpose of the study. Four research questions were generated and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The descriptive research survey was used for the study involving male and female adults aged 18 years and above in Ikereku Community. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 150 participants drawn across the community. Self constructed questionnaire tagged "Awareness of Hypertension among Adults in Ikereku Community AHAIC " and "How Social Health Workers could help in controlling the disease HSHWCD " were used as instruments for the study. Data received were analyzed using descriptive statistics to answer the research questions while the research hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and ANOVA. Results of the findings showed that adults in Ikereku Community were aware of hypertension as a disease but not all of them are aware of their hypertensive status. Findings also revealed that social health workers are helping in controlling the disease by creating awareness of the disease, provisions of free medical care and many others. Therefore, it is recommended that individual should be going for regular checkup and endeavour to adhere strictly to instructions on food consumption. Dr. Francis O. Olaniyi | Dr. Oyekunle Oyelami "Awareness of Hypertension and Adult Education as a Preventive Measure among Adults in Ikereku Community of Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26551.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/26551/awareness-of-hypertension-and-adult-education-as-a-preventive-measure-among-adults-in-ikereku-community-of-akinyele-local-government-area-oyo-state-nigeria/dr-francis-o-olaniyi
Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body, often from contaminated dust or paint. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, headaches, and memory problems. In severe cases it can cause seizures, coma or death. Children are especially vulnerable as they absorb more lead. Diagnosis is by measuring blood lead levels, which if elevated indicates poisoning. Treatment focuses on reducing further exposure and chelation therapy to remove lead from the body.
This document discusses age-related changes to the hematologic system and hematologic problems that are more prevalent in older adults. It covers common disorders like anemia, risks of untreated anemia, nursing assessments for hematologic issues, and care for older patients with disorders like hypercoagulability requiring anticoagulation therapy. Nursing diagnoses that may be relevant for older patients with hematologic problems are also outlined.
David Buck’s slidepack sets out some basic statistics on the state of the English population’s health, including life expectancy, health inequalities and tobacco and alcohol use.
Prevalência e MI por CC na Europa de 2000 a 2005gisa_legal
This document summarizes a study examining the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in Europe between 2000-2005 using data from 29 population-based registries covering over 3 million births. The study found an average total CHD prevalence of 8.0 per 1000 births, with live birth prevalence of 7.2 per 1000. Non-chromosomal CHD prevalence was 7.0 per 1000 births, of which 3.6% were perinatal deaths, 20% were prenatally diagnosed, and 5.6% were terminations of pregnancy. Severe non-chromosomal CHD occurred in 2.0 per 1000 births, with higher rates of perinatal death, prenatal diagnosis, and termination.
Similar to Health impacts of fluoride case study ireland apr 2013 (20)
Health impacts of fluoride case study ireland apr 2013
1. Fluoride and its contribution to
heart disease, cancer, respiratory
disease, dementia, diabetes, obesity
and Downs Syndrome.
Case study Fluoridated Ireland
3. • The U.S National Research Council of
the National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering and Medicine (2006) found
that Fluoride may indirectly contribute to
a number of diseases, including
hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
4. • Hypertension is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
• Hypertension stresses your body’s blood vessels, causing
them to clog or weaken. Hypertension can lead to
atherosclerosis.
• Most strokes (about 80%) are ischaemic, and most of those are
caused by atherosclerosis.
• Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become
narrowed and hardened due to an excessive build up of plaque
around the artery wall. This potentially causes blood clots that
can result in life-threatening conditions such as heart attack,
stroke and other cardiovascular diseases
5. • It is now known that increased insulin resistance
impaired glucose tolerance and vascular wall
inflammation increases coronary artery calcification.
• The U.S National Research Council of the National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine
documented that fluoride affects insulin secretion,
increases blood glucose, impairs glucose tolerance
and increases inflammatory response in humans.
6. • A major study published by the American Journal of
Medicine in 2006 found that there is a 65% increased
risk of coronary heart disease in individuals with
subclinical hypothyroidism.
• Water fluoridation chemicals are low dose endocrine
disrupting chemicals that affect the thyroid gland.
7. Deaths in Ireland due to cardiovascular disease are
(176/100,000 of the population) compared with the average
EU figure of 108/100,000).
That’s 62% higher than the EU average.
Ireland has the highest rate of premature deaths (<65 years)
from CVD in the EU.
The premature death rate in Ireland is almost
twice the EU average.
10. • Overall cancer incidence in the European Region is
379 cases per 100 000.
• The cancer incidence rate for the Republic of Ireland is
764 per 100,000.
Source: The European Health Report 2012, World Health Organization
The National Academies of the United States stated in 2006
“Alternations in DNA suggest that Fluoride has the potential
to cause genetic effects as well as carcinogenic potential.., AND
Fluoride appears to have the potential to initiate or promote cancers.”
11. • The European regional average overall cancer
mortality is 168 per 100 000.
• The cancer mortality rate for the Republic of Ireland is
242 per 100,000.
• Cancer mortality rates are 44% above the EU Region
12. Cancer Incidence
in Ireland 85%
above European
region average.
Ireland is the only
country with
mandatory
fluoridation of
drinking water in
European
continent.
13.
14.
15. The US National Research Council
identified fluoride as an endocrine
disruptor in 2006.
The international Endocrine Journal
identified water fluoridation
chemicals as low dose endocrine
disruptors on 2012.
16. A 2013 report for the WHO and UNEP in 2013 examined how
endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to endocrine
cancers as well as other medical disorders:
21. The National Academies of the United States stated in 2006
“Fluoride also augments (increases) the inflammatory response
to irritants”
According to the U.S. National Institute of Health National Heart, Lung
and Heart Institute :
“Long-term exposure to lung irritants that damage the lungs
and the airways usually is the cause of COPD.”
COPD refers to a broad classification of disorders that
includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and in some cases
Asthma.
22. Fluoridated Ireland has the
highest incidence of COPD
of OECD countries followed
by Fluoridated New Zealand
and Australia
23.
24. • The death rate from diseases of the respiratory
system in the EU-27 is 45.9 per 100 000
inhabitants
• The death rate for Ireland is 62 per 100,000.
• Mortality rates are 35%above the EU-27 average.
The National Academies of the United States stated in 2006
“There is no question that fluoride can affect the cells involved in providing
immune responses.”
28. The National Academies of the United States stated in 2006
“Fluorides also increase the production of free radicals
in the brain through several different biological pathways. These
changes have a bearing on the possibility that fluorides act
to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease”
“Aluminium Fluorides (created by fluoridating water that is also
treated with ALUM a chemical used as a coagulant in treating
drinking water) not only provides false messages throughout
the nervous system but, at the same time, diminishes the
energy essential for brain function”
“It is apparent that fluorides have the ability to interfere with the
functions of the brain and the body by direct and indirect means”
29. The incidence of early
onset dementia in
Fluoridated Republic of
Ireland is 450% higher
than in non fluoridated
Northern Ireland
31. The U.S National Research Council of the National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine
stated in 2006:
• “Sufficient fluoride exposure appears to bring about
increases in blood glucose or impaired glucose
tolerance in some individuals and to increase the
severity of some types of diabetes” and
“that given the increasing prevalence of diabetes
mellitus any role of fluoride exposure in the
development of impaired glucose metabolism or
diabetes is potentially significant.”
32. • According to the WHO the standardised disease ratio
for diabetes (2010) in Ireland for all ages is 9.5 per
100,000 compared to 5.97 for the UK.
• This is 60% higher than the UK.
• The prevalence of diabetes in non-fluoridated NI is
3.8 per cent of the population, while the UK average
is 4.45%.
• Official figures from the Dept of Health, which are
regarded as an underestimate of the true incidence,
estimates the prevalence of diabetes in Ireland at 6.1
per cent of the population.
• This is 60%higher than non-fluoridated Northern
Ireland.
33. • A 2011 study conducted by VHI on 11,500 people in
Ireland without a prior diagnosis of diabetes aged
45-75 found that 11% of this subgroup had
undiagnosed diabetes.
• This figure combined with diagnosed cases of
diabetes means Ireland has one of the highest
incidences of diabetes in the developed world and
significantly above the EU average.
34. Top 5 of 6 countries
all have either
fluoridated water.
Mexico has
fluoridated salt
programme and high
natural fluoride
levels in water. UK
has 10% population
fluoridated,
Luxembourg has
high natural fluoride
levels in water.
Increases in
blood glucose
and impaired
glucose
tolerance
leads to
obesity.
35. The U.S National Research Council of the National Academies
of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine stated in 2006 :
“The possible association of cytogenetic effects of
fluoride exposure suggests that Down’s syndrome
is a biologically plausible outcome of exposure to
fluoride”
“A few studies of human populations have suggested
that fluoride might be associated with alterations in
reproductive hormones, fertility and Down’s syndrome”
39. • The current report by Irish Environmental Scientist Declan
Waugh, presents the published findings of the United States
National Research Council (NRC) Scientific Committee on
Fluoride, presenting their observations in regard to the
potential toxic effects of ingestion of fluorides and examining
these findings in regard to the published health data for
disease incidence and mortality in the Republic of Ireland.
• The study examines a wide range of diseases, comparing the
incidence and mortality for fluoridated southern Ireland with
non-fluoridated northern Ireland while also including an
examination of health data from other non fluoridated
European countries in addition to the few international
countries which practice fluoridation.
• Report is available at http://www.enviro.ie/Feb2013.pdf
40. • The report documents a highly significant increased burden
of disease being recorded for Southern Ireland with the most
pronounced variation being early onset dementia (450%)
followed by sudden infant death syndrome (300%),
sarcoidosis (250%), congenital hypothyroidism (220%),
osteoporosis (100%) Downs syndrome (83%), depression
(78%), rheumatoid arthritis (60%) diabetes (60%) and cancer
(highest 55%).
• A significantly increased risk for a wide range of cancers are
to be found in ROI compared to non-fluoridated NI or Europe.
• In addition a greatly increased incidence of respiratory
disease such as COPD are present in Ireland, mortality from
respiratory disease is the highest in Western Europe.
• The Republic of Ireland is the only EU country with a
mandatory legislative policy mandating fluoridation of water.
41. • Commenting on Declan Waugh’s report Dr. Robert Isaacson, distinguished
Emeritus professor of psychology, a scientific academic who is highly
regarded as an international expert in environmental pollutants and
neurotoxicity, past president of the International Behavioral Neuroscience
Society, member of the editorial board of the respected international
journal Brain Research and who was a senior member of the United States
National Academy of Sciences-Scientific Committee on the toxic effects of
Fluoride in drinking water said:
• “ I am greatly impressed by the extraordinary work undertaken by Mr.
Waugh” and added “If it could be distributed widely one might be able to
save some lives.” Dr. Isaacson also said “Governments must understand
how dangerous fluorides really are. Until this happens, the contamination
will continue. Somehow the whole country has to realize the problems and
force actions to stop water fluoridation. That is why Mr. Waugh’s work is so
important.”
42. • Furthermore Dr. Theissen, also a senior member of the U.S National
Research Council Scientific Committee that examined the biological
impacts of fluoride in 2006, commented saying:
"Mr. Declan Waugh is one of the latest in a string of independent
professionals over several decades to review the scientific and medical
literature on water fluoridation and conclude that there is no merit to the
practice and substantial risk of harm to large numbers of people. Many of
these professionals have spoken out against the practice, even risking
livelihoods or professional reputations to do so. I hope that your
government will take note of Mr. Waugh's reports, and that his efforts will
serve to help bring about an end to a demonstrably harmful practice.”