Awareness of Hypertension and Adult Education as a Preventive Measure among Adults in Ikereku Community of Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
This study investigated the awareness of hypertension and adult Education as a preventive measure among adults in Ikereku community of Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State. The level and rate of awareness of hypertension among adults in Ikereku steps to be taken by an individual and health workers in controlling the disease were the purpose of the study. Four research questions were generated and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The descriptive research survey was used for the study involving male and female adults aged 18 years and above in Ikereku Community. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 150 participants drawn across the community. Self constructed questionnaire tagged "Awareness of Hypertension among Adults in Ikereku Community AHAIC " and "How Social Health Workers could help in controlling the disease HSHWCD " were used as instruments for the study. Data received were analyzed using descriptive statistics to answer the research questions while the research hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and ANOVA. Results of the findings showed that adults in Ikereku Community were aware of hypertension as a disease but not all of them are aware of their hypertensive status. Findings also revealed that social health workers are helping in controlling the disease by creating awareness of the disease, provisions of free medical care and many others. Therefore, it is recommended that individual should be going for regular checkup and endeavour to adhere strictly to instructions on food consumption. Dr. Francis O. Olaniyi | Dr. Oyekunle Oyelami "Awareness of Hypertension and Adult Education as a Preventive Measure among Adults in Ikereku Community of Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26551.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/26551/awareness-of-hypertension-and-adult-education-as-a-preventive-measure-among-adults-in-ikereku-community-of-akinyele-local-government-area-oyo-state-nigeria/dr-francis-o-olaniyi
Low and middle income countries now account for over 75% of global cardiovascular disease deaths. In India, cardiovascular diseases are a growing epidemic due to increasing risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity accompanying urbanization. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases aims to promote healthy lifestyles and provide screening, treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases nationwide. Globally, the WHO's action plan targets a 25% reduction in premature deaths from non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease by 2025 through cooperation between countries.
Hypertension in Developing Countries 3JAFAR ALSAID
The document discusses hypertension prevalence and management in developing countries. It finds that hypertension prevalence is increasing globally and is a major public health challenge, especially in developing nations with limited resources. Studies show awareness, treatment and control rates are lowest in low-income countries compared to upper-middle and high-income nations. Urbanization, lifestyle changes and other risk factors are contributing to growing rates in developing areas. Improved prevention, access to care, medication and management are needed to address the substantial hypertension burden expected to rise further in coming decades if left unaddressed.
Angina Pectoris Pharmacological and Acupuncture Therapyijtsrd
Angina is the most common symptom of ischemic heart disease IHD , it occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood as it needs. This usually happen when one or more of the heart arteries is narrowed or blocked, also called ischemia. Which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 9.8 million patients in the USA have symptoms of angina, through its treatment is challenging. This activity describes the evaluation of management of angina and reviews the role of the health care team improving care for the patients with this condition. It is a common presenting symptom typically, chest pain among patient with coronary artery disease CAD .The atherosclerosis is the main cause of coronary artery obstruction. The pain is typically sever and crushing, and it is characterised by a feeling of squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness, or pain in the chest. It can be sudden or repeatedly over a time. Depending on severity, it can be treated by lifestyle changes, especially smoking cessation and regular exercise, medication, angioplasty or surgery and acupuncture therapy can also reduce the symptoms and frequency of angina pain intensity. Angina can accompany or be a precursor or a heart attack. Other cause include abnormal heart rhythms, anaemia, and heart failure. Ms. Deepti | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary "Angina Pectoris (Pharmacological and Acupuncture Therapy)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43614.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/43614/angina-pectoris-pharmacological-and-acupuncture-therapy/ms-deepti
Hypertension is a major global health problem and leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Control remains poor despite being largely controllable. The diagnosis of hypertension is based on office blood pressure measurements, but out-of-office measurements such as ambulatory or home monitoring are recommended to confirm the diagnosis. Lifestyle changes are key to non-pharmacological treatment, while first-line pharmacological treatments include ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. Despite efforts, rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension remain disappointingly low globally.
- It is not wise to delay prevention and early detection of diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Waiting until symptoms become severe or obvious to seek treatment can lead to terrible health outcomes or death.
- Many major non-communicable diseases account for over half of all deaths in India. By 2033, diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are projected to cause even more deaths than infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS.
- Early detection through regular health screenings and adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce risks and catch diseases in earlier, more treatable stages. Ignoring prevention and putting off treatment is a dangerous approach with serious health consequences.
Clinical profile of paediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease at moi t...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the clinical profile of pediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. The study found that 84 pediatric patients had rheumatic heart disease, with more female patients than male. New patients most commonly presented with dyspnea, easy fatigability, and palpitations. Signs like systolic murmurs and tachycardia were also common in new patients. Most new patients were in NYHA classes 3 and 4, indicating severe valvular disease and late presentation. The study recommends emphasis on early detection and prevention of rheumatic heart disease.
The document discusses hypertension in teenage years. It begins with an introduction and overview of the magnitude of the problem. It then defines teenage hypertension and reviews international data on prevalence rates. The document also describes results from screening programs for hypertension and obesity in high schools in Bahrain. It concludes that primary hypertension is increasingly being identified in children and adolescents where it is usually mild and associated with factors like family history and overweight.
Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease in India, affecting 20-40% of urban adults and 12-17% of rural adults. The number of people with hypertension in India is projected to increase substantially by 2025. Several studies have found high rates of unawareness and lack of control of the condition. For example, only 1 in 5 hypertensive women in one survey were on treatment, and less than 4% had their hypertension under control. Recent studies conducted in both urban and rural communities across India show hypertension rates similar to high-income countries, underscoring the need for increased screening, diagnosis, and management of the growing burden of hypertension.
Low and middle income countries now account for over 75% of global cardiovascular disease deaths. In India, cardiovascular diseases are a growing epidemic due to increasing risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity accompanying urbanization. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases aims to promote healthy lifestyles and provide screening, treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases nationwide. Globally, the WHO's action plan targets a 25% reduction in premature deaths from non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease by 2025 through cooperation between countries.
Hypertension in Developing Countries 3JAFAR ALSAID
The document discusses hypertension prevalence and management in developing countries. It finds that hypertension prevalence is increasing globally and is a major public health challenge, especially in developing nations with limited resources. Studies show awareness, treatment and control rates are lowest in low-income countries compared to upper-middle and high-income nations. Urbanization, lifestyle changes and other risk factors are contributing to growing rates in developing areas. Improved prevention, access to care, medication and management are needed to address the substantial hypertension burden expected to rise further in coming decades if left unaddressed.
Angina Pectoris Pharmacological and Acupuncture Therapyijtsrd
Angina is the most common symptom of ischemic heart disease IHD , it occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood as it needs. This usually happen when one or more of the heart arteries is narrowed or blocked, also called ischemia. Which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 9.8 million patients in the USA have symptoms of angina, through its treatment is challenging. This activity describes the evaluation of management of angina and reviews the role of the health care team improving care for the patients with this condition. It is a common presenting symptom typically, chest pain among patient with coronary artery disease CAD .The atherosclerosis is the main cause of coronary artery obstruction. The pain is typically sever and crushing, and it is characterised by a feeling of squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness, or pain in the chest. It can be sudden or repeatedly over a time. Depending on severity, it can be treated by lifestyle changes, especially smoking cessation and regular exercise, medication, angioplasty or surgery and acupuncture therapy can also reduce the symptoms and frequency of angina pain intensity. Angina can accompany or be a precursor or a heart attack. Other cause include abnormal heart rhythms, anaemia, and heart failure. Ms. Deepti | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary "Angina Pectoris (Pharmacological and Acupuncture Therapy)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43614.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/43614/angina-pectoris-pharmacological-and-acupuncture-therapy/ms-deepti
Hypertension is a major global health problem and leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Control remains poor despite being largely controllable. The diagnosis of hypertension is based on office blood pressure measurements, but out-of-office measurements such as ambulatory or home monitoring are recommended to confirm the diagnosis. Lifestyle changes are key to non-pharmacological treatment, while first-line pharmacological treatments include ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. Despite efforts, rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension remain disappointingly low globally.
- It is not wise to delay prevention and early detection of diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Waiting until symptoms become severe or obvious to seek treatment can lead to terrible health outcomes or death.
- Many major non-communicable diseases account for over half of all deaths in India. By 2033, diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are projected to cause even more deaths than infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS.
- Early detection through regular health screenings and adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce risks and catch diseases in earlier, more treatable stages. Ignoring prevention and putting off treatment is a dangerous approach with serious health consequences.
Clinical profile of paediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease at moi t...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the clinical profile of pediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. The study found that 84 pediatric patients had rheumatic heart disease, with more female patients than male. New patients most commonly presented with dyspnea, easy fatigability, and palpitations. Signs like systolic murmurs and tachycardia were also common in new patients. Most new patients were in NYHA classes 3 and 4, indicating severe valvular disease and late presentation. The study recommends emphasis on early detection and prevention of rheumatic heart disease.
The document discusses hypertension in teenage years. It begins with an introduction and overview of the magnitude of the problem. It then defines teenage hypertension and reviews international data on prevalence rates. The document also describes results from screening programs for hypertension and obesity in high schools in Bahrain. It concludes that primary hypertension is increasingly being identified in children and adolescents where it is usually mild and associated with factors like family history and overweight.
Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease in India, affecting 20-40% of urban adults and 12-17% of rural adults. The number of people with hypertension in India is projected to increase substantially by 2025. Several studies have found high rates of unawareness and lack of control of the condition. For example, only 1 in 5 hypertensive women in one survey were on treatment, and less than 4% had their hypertension under control. Recent studies conducted in both urban and rural communities across India show hypertension rates similar to high-income countries, underscoring the need for increased screening, diagnosis, and management of the growing burden of hypertension.
Epidemiology prevention control of hypertensionAbhi Manu
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its epidemiology, prevention, and control. It begins with learning objectives and defines hypertension. An estimated 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension. Prevalence is increasing and it is a major cause of death. Prevention efforts include population-wide strategies like reducing sodium intake and increasing physical activity, as well as high-risk strategies like monitoring blood pressure from childhood. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medication to control blood pressure. New initiatives in India are screening for hypertension at all levels of the healthcare system.
A prevalence of common risk factors of hypertension among young generation li...SriramNagarajan16
Hypertension is one of the upward health related challenge in Bangladesh and hypertension in young generation is increasing
but there is a shortage of data about the risk factors in this age group. The aim was to evaluate and approximation the
frequency of some common risk factors of hypertension among young generation living in Dhaka city. It was a crosssectional study; conducted during March 2016 to June 2016 in Dhaka city. Data were collected by face-to-face interview after
verbal informed consent by a survey questionnaire and stress was measured by Perceived Stress Scale and analyzed by SPSS
version 16. The study was conducted on 150 (n=150) young adults where 76% were male and 24% were female and their
mean age was 22.13 and 23.33% of them were overweight and only 1(n=1) was obese and 44% of them took average amount
of junk food while 14% took huge amounts and 59.33% of them had family history of hypertension and 70.66% of them were
in high stress. The mentioned age range shows a good amount of predominance of hypertension probably indicating a hidden
epidemic. It is needed to improve the measures of key anticipation and early detection of hypertension among young
generation
What are the cardiovascular disorders?
Public Health importance
Burden of disease
Risk factors of cardiovascular disorders
Causation
Prevention strategies
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs
India - National programme (NPCDCS)
Prevalence of blood pressure, glucose and lipid abnomalities among ethYisehak Tura
This study examined the prevalence of hypertension, high blood glucose, and abnormal blood lipid levels among Ethiopian immigrants in Minnesota using data from parish nurse screenings of 673 adults from 2007-2012. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 30.1%, with higher rates among men (33%) than women (24%). 12% of participants had high blood glucose. High LDL and low HDL levels were each observed in about 30% of participants. The results suggest this community has a high burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, calling for more comprehensive health assessments and interventions.
Association Between Passive Smoking & Cardiovascular Disease Among Woman of L...Rishad Choudhury Robin
This document discusses cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women of low socioeconomic status in urban Bangladeshi communities who are exposed to passive smoking. It notes that passive smoking increases the risk of CVD by 10-30% and that over 46% of Bangladeshi women report high exposure to passive smoking. The prevalence of cigarette smoking is 21.6% in urban communities in Bangladesh, with rates over 35% among men and almost 5% among women. The document examines the risk of CVD from smoking in Bangladesh specifically.
Aha guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and strokeΑθανάσιος Παπαδόπουλος
The guidelines provide recommendations for comprehensive risk reduction for adult patients without cardiovascular disease:
1) Risk assessment should begin at age 20 and include regular screening and monitoring of risk factors.
2) All adults age 40 or older should have their 10-year risk of coronary heart disease assessed to determine their absolute risk level.
3) Recommendations are provided for lifestyle modifications and medical treatments to reduce risk and lower blood pressure, improve diet, encourage physical activity, and consider aspirin for those at higher risk. The goal is to match interventions to individual risk levels.
Study on the Health Related Quality of Life of Patients with Ischemic strokeiosrjce
The work entitled, “Study on the health related quality of life of patients with ischemic stroke” was
conducted in the department of Neurology at a multispecialty hospital. After receiving the official approval, the
study was conducted for a period of eight months from December 2013 to August 2014. A total of 278 cases with
Neurological disorders were found, of which 117(42 %) patients were with ischemic stroke. Hypertension (59%)
and Diabetes (53%) were the major co-morbid conditions found. The Health related quality of life of the
patients was assessed by direct interviewing of individual patients with a stroke specific questionnaire. The
Health related quality of life of the patients was assessed by direct interviewing of individual patients with a
stroke specific questionnaire. Quality of life assessments are done by various methods like taking the floor and
ceiling effects of the scores, average score calculation etc. Assessment of the floor and ceiling effect showed the
potential for floor effects in the most difficult domain(strength) and the possibility of a ceiling effect in the
communication domain. Assessment of stroke severity is done by taking the mean and SD of the individual domains
This document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), including its causes, presentations, burden, measurements, risk factors, prevention strategies, and intervention trials. It notes that CHD is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and is a leading cause of death. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, genetics, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Prevention strategies involve population-wide approaches like diet/lifestyle changes and controlling risk factors, identifying and counseling high-risk individuals, and secondary prevention after events. Several trials showed community programs and clinical interventions can significantly reduce CHD incidence.
Dengue Fever-Related Cardiac manifestation in Ibn-Sina Hospital Mukalla, Hadh...asclepiuspdfs
This document summarizes a study on cardiac manifestations in patients hospitalized with dengue fever in Mukalla, Yemen. The study found that the most common cardiac manifestations were sinus tachycardia (39.4% of patients) and hypotension (18.37% of patients). Other less common findings included pulmonary congestion, bradycardia, and pericardial effusion. There was a close correlation between the severity of cardiac manifestations and the severity of dengue based on WHO classifications, with more severe cardiac issues seen in those with severe dengue. The most common causes of death in the study (10 patients) were refractory shock and other complications associated with severe dengue disease.
There has been an increase in the predominance of diabetes mellitus over the past 40 years worldwide. The worldwide occurrence of diabetes in 2000 was approximately 2.8% and is estimated to grow to 4.4% by 2030. This data interprets a projected rise of diabetes from 171 million in 2000 to well over 350 million in 2030. The presence of hypertension in diabetic patients substantially increases the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. Indeed, when hypertension coexists with diabetes, the risk of CVD is increased by 75%, which further contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality of an already high risk population. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Most of this excess risk is associated with high prevalence of well-established risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in these patients. Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of microvascular and macrovascular disease in people with diabetes. Lifestyle Modifications and pharmacotherapy are the choice for the Management of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes.
International Society of Hypertension 2020 guidlinesJAFAR ALSAID
The document outlines key points from a presentation on hypertension given by Dr. Jafar Alsaid at the Iraqi Hypertension Conference in November 2021. It discusses the global burden of hypertension, challenges in low-income countries, definitions and classifications of hypertension, measuring blood pressure, common risk factors, target organ damage, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatments, and the importance of patient education.
Central Nervous System Histoplasmosis Related to Bioprosthetic Endocarditisasclepiuspdfs
Endocarditis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum is a rare occurrence. Involvement of the central nervous system by Histoplasma is also relatively uncommon. This paper reports a case of a 62-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for a myocardial infarct 5 years prior which necessitated coronary artery bypass graft surgery, prosthetic aortic valve replacement 4 years prior, and sarcoidosis, diagnosed 1 year prior, which was treated with methotrexate. She presented with fevers, generalized weakness, night sweats, and chest and throat pain. An echocardiogram done as part of her evaluation showed a vegetation on her prosthetic aortic valve. H. capsulatum was identified on blood cultures, and she was started on antibiotics. She expired shortly thereafter. At autopsy, a diagnosis of Histoplasma endocarditis was confirmed with evidence of embolic disease involving kidneys and digits of the hand. Hilar lymph nodes showed evidence of the fungus. Examination of the brain showed multiple widespread microscopic foci of macrophages, lymphocytes, and microglial cells with associated Histoplasma organisms, highlighted on Gomori methenamine silver staining. This paper will discuss central nervous system involvement by Histoplasma.
This document presents a case study of a 71-year-old female patient who experienced a stroke. It includes sections on the patient's history, including her past medical history of a previous stroke in 2005. Physical assessments were performed and vital signs such as temperature and cardiac rate were monitored daily. The document discusses the pathophysiology of stroke, medical management including medications and diagnostic tests, nursing care, and a discharge plan. The overall goal is to provide a clinical guide for a safe and quality nursing care approach for patients who experience stroke.
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD) and its epidemiology in India. It provides three real stories about myocardial infarctions occurring in young individuals to illustrate the severity of the issue. It then presents statistics on the leading causes of death in India, showing that cardiovascular diseases are becoming more common, now accounting for over a third of deaths and occurring at younger ages compared to developed countries. The document discusses the traditional risk factors for CAD, including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, lack of exercise, and family history. It provides data on the prevalence of these risk factors in India. The document emphasizes that risk factor assessment is not prevalent in India's public health system. It concludes by describing clinical features of
A Study of the Prevalence of Cardio-Vascular Diseases and Its Risk Factors (B...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An acute subdural hematoma is a brain injury involving the accumulation of blood between the dura and arachnoid layers covering the brain. It can occur suddenly after head trauma and progresses rapidly. Symptoms include headache, neurological deficits, pupillary abnormalities, and decreasing consciousness. Diagnosis is made using CT or MRI scans. Treatment focuses on controlling increased intracranial pressure through medications, oxygenation, head elevation, and fluid management. Nursing care prioritizes impaired gas exchange and risk for cerebral hypoperfusion, while also addressing ineffective coping related to the trauma. A strict regimen of medications like Phenytoin, Lorazepam, Propofol, and Furosemide is needed as supportive
This document is a research proposal submitted by Mwebaza Victor to study the incidence and factors associated with high blood pressure among seemingly normal individuals aged 18-55 living in Budumbuli, Bugembe Municipality, Jinja District, Uganda. If approved, the study would help address the growing problem of hypertension in Africa by determining the prevalence and risk factors for high blood pressure in this population. The introduction provides background on hypertension as a global health issue and the need for more data on hypertension in African countries.
This document provides an overview of endocrine hypertension and focuses on three main causes: primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, and pheochromocytoma. Primary aldosteronism, caused by excessive aldosterone production, is the most common cause of curable endocrine hypertension, affecting over 10% of hypertensive patients. Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma cause hypertension through increased glucocorticoid and catecholamine levels respectively. Timely diagnosis of endocrine hypertension is important for disease control and prevention of complications, but it is often delayed or missed due to low physician awareness.
Epidemiology prevention control of hypertensionAbhi Manu
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its epidemiology, prevention, and control. It begins with learning objectives and defines hypertension. An estimated 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension. Prevalence is increasing and it is a major cause of death. Prevention efforts include population-wide strategies like reducing sodium intake and increasing physical activity, as well as high-risk strategies like monitoring blood pressure from childhood. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medication to control blood pressure. New initiatives in India are screening for hypertension at all levels of the healthcare system.
A prevalence of common risk factors of hypertension among young generation li...SriramNagarajan16
Hypertension is one of the upward health related challenge in Bangladesh and hypertension in young generation is increasing
but there is a shortage of data about the risk factors in this age group. The aim was to evaluate and approximation the
frequency of some common risk factors of hypertension among young generation living in Dhaka city. It was a crosssectional study; conducted during March 2016 to June 2016 in Dhaka city. Data were collected by face-to-face interview after
verbal informed consent by a survey questionnaire and stress was measured by Perceived Stress Scale and analyzed by SPSS
version 16. The study was conducted on 150 (n=150) young adults where 76% were male and 24% were female and their
mean age was 22.13 and 23.33% of them were overweight and only 1(n=1) was obese and 44% of them took average amount
of junk food while 14% took huge amounts and 59.33% of them had family history of hypertension and 70.66% of them were
in high stress. The mentioned age range shows a good amount of predominance of hypertension probably indicating a hidden
epidemic. It is needed to improve the measures of key anticipation and early detection of hypertension among young
generation
What are the cardiovascular disorders?
Public Health importance
Burden of disease
Risk factors of cardiovascular disorders
Causation
Prevention strategies
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs
India - National programme (NPCDCS)
Prevalence of blood pressure, glucose and lipid abnomalities among ethYisehak Tura
This study examined the prevalence of hypertension, high blood glucose, and abnormal blood lipid levels among Ethiopian immigrants in Minnesota using data from parish nurse screenings of 673 adults from 2007-2012. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 30.1%, with higher rates among men (33%) than women (24%). 12% of participants had high blood glucose. High LDL and low HDL levels were each observed in about 30% of participants. The results suggest this community has a high burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, calling for more comprehensive health assessments and interventions.
Association Between Passive Smoking & Cardiovascular Disease Among Woman of L...Rishad Choudhury Robin
This document discusses cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women of low socioeconomic status in urban Bangladeshi communities who are exposed to passive smoking. It notes that passive smoking increases the risk of CVD by 10-30% and that over 46% of Bangladeshi women report high exposure to passive smoking. The prevalence of cigarette smoking is 21.6% in urban communities in Bangladesh, with rates over 35% among men and almost 5% among women. The document examines the risk of CVD from smoking in Bangladesh specifically.
Aha guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and strokeΑθανάσιος Παπαδόπουλος
The guidelines provide recommendations for comprehensive risk reduction for adult patients without cardiovascular disease:
1) Risk assessment should begin at age 20 and include regular screening and monitoring of risk factors.
2) All adults age 40 or older should have their 10-year risk of coronary heart disease assessed to determine their absolute risk level.
3) Recommendations are provided for lifestyle modifications and medical treatments to reduce risk and lower blood pressure, improve diet, encourage physical activity, and consider aspirin for those at higher risk. The goal is to match interventions to individual risk levels.
Study on the Health Related Quality of Life of Patients with Ischemic strokeiosrjce
The work entitled, “Study on the health related quality of life of patients with ischemic stroke” was
conducted in the department of Neurology at a multispecialty hospital. After receiving the official approval, the
study was conducted for a period of eight months from December 2013 to August 2014. A total of 278 cases with
Neurological disorders were found, of which 117(42 %) patients were with ischemic stroke. Hypertension (59%)
and Diabetes (53%) were the major co-morbid conditions found. The Health related quality of life of the
patients was assessed by direct interviewing of individual patients with a stroke specific questionnaire. The
Health related quality of life of the patients was assessed by direct interviewing of individual patients with a
stroke specific questionnaire. Quality of life assessments are done by various methods like taking the floor and
ceiling effects of the scores, average score calculation etc. Assessment of the floor and ceiling effect showed the
potential for floor effects in the most difficult domain(strength) and the possibility of a ceiling effect in the
communication domain. Assessment of stroke severity is done by taking the mean and SD of the individual domains
This document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), including its causes, presentations, burden, measurements, risk factors, prevention strategies, and intervention trials. It notes that CHD is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and is a leading cause of death. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, genetics, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Prevention strategies involve population-wide approaches like diet/lifestyle changes and controlling risk factors, identifying and counseling high-risk individuals, and secondary prevention after events. Several trials showed community programs and clinical interventions can significantly reduce CHD incidence.
Dengue Fever-Related Cardiac manifestation in Ibn-Sina Hospital Mukalla, Hadh...asclepiuspdfs
This document summarizes a study on cardiac manifestations in patients hospitalized with dengue fever in Mukalla, Yemen. The study found that the most common cardiac manifestations were sinus tachycardia (39.4% of patients) and hypotension (18.37% of patients). Other less common findings included pulmonary congestion, bradycardia, and pericardial effusion. There was a close correlation between the severity of cardiac manifestations and the severity of dengue based on WHO classifications, with more severe cardiac issues seen in those with severe dengue. The most common causes of death in the study (10 patients) were refractory shock and other complications associated with severe dengue disease.
There has been an increase in the predominance of diabetes mellitus over the past 40 years worldwide. The worldwide occurrence of diabetes in 2000 was approximately 2.8% and is estimated to grow to 4.4% by 2030. This data interprets a projected rise of diabetes from 171 million in 2000 to well over 350 million in 2030. The presence of hypertension in diabetic patients substantially increases the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. Indeed, when hypertension coexists with diabetes, the risk of CVD is increased by 75%, which further contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality of an already high risk population. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Most of this excess risk is associated with high prevalence of well-established risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in these patients. Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of microvascular and macrovascular disease in people with diabetes. Lifestyle Modifications and pharmacotherapy are the choice for the Management of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes.
International Society of Hypertension 2020 guidlinesJAFAR ALSAID
The document outlines key points from a presentation on hypertension given by Dr. Jafar Alsaid at the Iraqi Hypertension Conference in November 2021. It discusses the global burden of hypertension, challenges in low-income countries, definitions and classifications of hypertension, measuring blood pressure, common risk factors, target organ damage, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatments, and the importance of patient education.
Central Nervous System Histoplasmosis Related to Bioprosthetic Endocarditisasclepiuspdfs
Endocarditis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum is a rare occurrence. Involvement of the central nervous system by Histoplasma is also relatively uncommon. This paper reports a case of a 62-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for a myocardial infarct 5 years prior which necessitated coronary artery bypass graft surgery, prosthetic aortic valve replacement 4 years prior, and sarcoidosis, diagnosed 1 year prior, which was treated with methotrexate. She presented with fevers, generalized weakness, night sweats, and chest and throat pain. An echocardiogram done as part of her evaluation showed a vegetation on her prosthetic aortic valve. H. capsulatum was identified on blood cultures, and she was started on antibiotics. She expired shortly thereafter. At autopsy, a diagnosis of Histoplasma endocarditis was confirmed with evidence of embolic disease involving kidneys and digits of the hand. Hilar lymph nodes showed evidence of the fungus. Examination of the brain showed multiple widespread microscopic foci of macrophages, lymphocytes, and microglial cells with associated Histoplasma organisms, highlighted on Gomori methenamine silver staining. This paper will discuss central nervous system involvement by Histoplasma.
This document presents a case study of a 71-year-old female patient who experienced a stroke. It includes sections on the patient's history, including her past medical history of a previous stroke in 2005. Physical assessments were performed and vital signs such as temperature and cardiac rate were monitored daily. The document discusses the pathophysiology of stroke, medical management including medications and diagnostic tests, nursing care, and a discharge plan. The overall goal is to provide a clinical guide for a safe and quality nursing care approach for patients who experience stroke.
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD) and its epidemiology in India. It provides three real stories about myocardial infarctions occurring in young individuals to illustrate the severity of the issue. It then presents statistics on the leading causes of death in India, showing that cardiovascular diseases are becoming more common, now accounting for over a third of deaths and occurring at younger ages compared to developed countries. The document discusses the traditional risk factors for CAD, including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, lack of exercise, and family history. It provides data on the prevalence of these risk factors in India. The document emphasizes that risk factor assessment is not prevalent in India's public health system. It concludes by describing clinical features of
A Study of the Prevalence of Cardio-Vascular Diseases and Its Risk Factors (B...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An acute subdural hematoma is a brain injury involving the accumulation of blood between the dura and arachnoid layers covering the brain. It can occur suddenly after head trauma and progresses rapidly. Symptoms include headache, neurological deficits, pupillary abnormalities, and decreasing consciousness. Diagnosis is made using CT or MRI scans. Treatment focuses on controlling increased intracranial pressure through medications, oxygenation, head elevation, and fluid management. Nursing care prioritizes impaired gas exchange and risk for cerebral hypoperfusion, while also addressing ineffective coping related to the trauma. A strict regimen of medications like Phenytoin, Lorazepam, Propofol, and Furosemide is needed as supportive
Similar to Awareness of Hypertension and Adult Education as a Preventive Measure among Adults in Ikereku Community of Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
This document is a research proposal submitted by Mwebaza Victor to study the incidence and factors associated with high blood pressure among seemingly normal individuals aged 18-55 living in Budumbuli, Bugembe Municipality, Jinja District, Uganda. If approved, the study would help address the growing problem of hypertension in Africa by determining the prevalence and risk factors for high blood pressure in this population. The introduction provides background on hypertension as a global health issue and the need for more data on hypertension in African countries.
This document provides an overview of endocrine hypertension and focuses on three main causes: primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, and pheochromocytoma. Primary aldosteronism, caused by excessive aldosterone production, is the most common cause of curable endocrine hypertension, affecting over 10% of hypertensive patients. Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma cause hypertension through increased glucocorticoid and catecholamine levels respectively. Timely diagnosis of endocrine hypertension is important for disease control and prevention of complications, but it is often delayed or missed due to low physician awareness.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, affects over 1 billion people worldwide and is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. A study in Pakistan found a prevalence of hypertension of 35.1%, with over 60% of hypertensive patients aware of their condition but only 75.3% receiving treatment. The document outlines the types, risk factors, causes, signs and symptoms, treatment, and resources for hypertension. It also discusses World Hypertension Day which aims to increase awareness of prevention and control of high blood pressure.
This document discusses emergency management of hypertension in children. It begins with definitions of normal blood pressure, prehypertension, and stages of hypertension in children. It then discusses the etiology, pathogenesis and management of hypertensive crisis in children. The main points are:
1. Hypertensive crisis is more common in children with secondary hypertension, usually of renal origin, though it can rarely occur in primary hypertension.
2. Factors involved in the pathogenesis of hypertensive crisis include elevated blood pressure, fluid overload, sympathetic overactivity, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation.
3. Management of hypertensive crisis in
Clinical profile of paediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease at moi t...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the clinical profile of pediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. The study found that the most common symptoms in new patients were dyspnea, easy fatigability, palpitations, cough and orthopnea. The most common signs were systolic murmurs, thrills and tachycardia. Most new patients presented with severe disease in NYHA class 3 or 4. Mitral regurgitation alone or combined with aortic regurgitation were the most common valve lesions. The results suggest that most new patients have advanced valvular disease and complications due to late presentation, highlighting the need for early detection
The document presents a proposal for a study on assessing knowledge regarding prevention of complications among hypertensive clients in Eastern Nepal. Hypertension is introduced as a major public health problem and precursor to diseases like heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease. The study aims to assess knowledge regarding prevention of complications and its association with demographic variables. It will use a cross-sectional design involving 285 hypertensive clients surveyed using semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis will include descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results could help modify prevention strategies and awareness of risk factors.
This case study presents information on an 80-year-old female patient diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The patient has a history of high blood pressure and chest pain. She was admitted to the hospital in February 2019 for increased blood pressure and chest discomfort. The case study objectives are to present information on the patient's conditions, gather data through assessment, and provide comprehensive nursing care. Student nurses conducted interviews, examinations, and reviewed medical records to understand the patient's history, diagnoses, symptoms, and plan appropriate interventions.
Inter society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (tasc)Jonathan Campos
This document summarizes the key findings of the Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). It discusses the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), finding that PAD affects approximately 3-10% of the general population but is asymptomatic in around 75% of cases. The ratio of asymptomatic to symptomatic PAD is estimated to be between 3:1 and 4:1. Symptomatic PAD presents mainly as intermittent claudication. The document also outlines the grading system used to rate the strength of recommendations.
Hypertension is a major public health problem and important area of research due to its high prevalence and being major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications. Objectives 1. To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors and 2. to estimate awareness, treatment, and adequacy of control of hypertension among study subjects. According to the Joint National Committee 7 JNC7 , normal blood pressure is a systolic BP 120 mmHg and diastolic BP 80 mm Hg. Hypertension is defined as systolic BP level of =140 mmHg and or diastolic BP level = 90 mmHg. A number of factors increase BP, including 1 obesity, 2 insulin resistance, 3 high alcohol intake, 4 high salt intake in salt sensitive patients , 5 aging and perhaps 6 sedentary lifestyle, 7 stress, 8 low potassium intake, and 9 low calcium intake. Shweta Pawar | Sujit Kakde | Ashok Bhosale "A Review: Hypertension" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42416.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/42416/a-review-hypertension/shweta-pawar
Approach to young hypertensive patientsChandan Kumar
1. The document discusses hypertension in young adults, including definitions of different types of elevated blood pressure (e.g. hypertensive urgency, emergency), risk factors, clinical presentation, causes (primary vs. secondary), evaluation approach, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
2. Most young adults with hypertension have primary/essential hypertension with no identifiable cause, though secondary hypertension can occur in about 10% of cases. Evaluation aims to confirm the diagnosis, assess cardiovascular risk, detect target organ damage, and identify secondary causes.
3. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provides blood pressure readings outside the office and can help identify white coat hypertension or masked hypertension, which have implications for risk stratification and treatment.
Interheart risk modifiable factors in micardio infraction 2004Medicina
This document summarizes the objectives and methods of the INTERHEART study, a large international case-control study designed to assess the importance of cardiovascular risk factors worldwide. The study aimed to enroll approximately 15,000 cases of acute myocardial infarction and a similar number of controls from 52 countries representing all inhabited continents. The study investigated the association between nine modifiable risk factors (smoking, lipids, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption, psychosocial factors) and the risk of myocardial infarction. Standardized questionnaires and physical examinations were used to collect information from all participants. Blood samples were also collected to analyze lipid levels. The results of this large, global study could help determine if cardiovascular risk factors have similar or
This study reviewed published studies on the prevalence of hypertension worldwide from 1980-2003. It found that the prevalence varied widely, from as low as 3.4% in rural Indian men to as high as 72.5% in Polish women. In developed countries the prevalence ranged from 20-50%, while it was generally lower in developing regions. Awareness of hypertension also varied significantly, from 25.2% in Korea to 75% in Barbados. Treatment and control of hypertension was inadequate in many areas. The study concludes that hypertension is a major public health challenge worldwide due to its high prevalence and increased risk of disease.
Perspective of Cardiac Troponin and Membrane Potential in People Living with ...asclepiuspdfs
Background: Hypertension is an event in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high leading to severe health complications and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and sometimes death. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the levels of cardiac troponin 1 and membrane potential in hypertensive subjects in Owerri, Imo state. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 subjects within the age 30–70 years were recruited for this study. The study consists of 60 subjects who were diagnosed of hypertension and 60 were apparently healthy individuals who served as controls subjects of the same age bracket. The levels of cardiac troponin 1 and membrane potential were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Data were assessed using SPSS version 20, the mean value with P ˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The result revealed that the levels of cardiac troponin 1 in hypertension were significantly increased when compared with control subjects while the levels of membrane potential were significantly decreased when compared to control at P < 0.05. Conclusion: The increased serum level of cardiac troponin 1 and decreased membrane potential in hypertensive subjects may contribute some risk factors in patients with hypertension.
This document discusses hypertension in India. It provides statistics on the prevalence and burden of hypertension globally and within India. Some key points:
- Over a billion adults globally had hypertension in 2000, predicted to rise to 1.56 billion by 2025. Prevalence is increasing fastest in developing countries.
- In India, prevalence has risen from 2-15% in the 1990s to over 25% in urban areas and 10-15% in rural areas currently. By 2020, an estimated 159.46 per 1000 population will have hypertension.
- Hypertension awareness, treatment and control is low in India, with only around half of urban and a quarter of rural hypertensive individuals aware of their condition. Pro
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a growing global health concern that disproportionately affects minority populations like African Americans. The literature review examined 15 research articles on managing hypertension in these high-risk groups. Key findings included: (1) multiple-drug regimens are often needed to control blood pressure; (2) lifestyle modifications can help reduce cardiovascular events; and (3) improving patient education and adherence through culturally-appropriate strategies may enhance health outcomes. Overall, the studies emphasized the importance of early detection, treatment, and prevention to reduce hypertension's harmful effects.
The document discusses health challenges related to cardiovascular disease in India in the new century. Some key points:
- Cardiovascular disease is a growing problem in India, affecting people at younger ages than in other countries, with the average heart patient being 52 years old.
- Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in India include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, stress, and genetics.
- Cardiovascular disease is also increasingly affecting women in India at younger ages, as early as their 20s and 30s, due to lifestyle changes like lack of exercise and poor diets.
- Over 70% of India's urban population is estimated to be at risk of cardiovascular
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its prevalence, types, risk factors, complications, prevention, and historical aspects. Some key points:
1. Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide and in countries like India, China, and the US. It affects around 20% of adults.
2. There are two main types - primary (essential) hypertension, which has no identifiable cause and accounts for 90% of cases, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by other underlying medical conditions.
3. Risk factors include age, genetics, obesity, diet high in salt and saturated fat/low in fiber, smoking, excessive alcohol, physical inactivity, and stress. Having diabetes also increases
Epidemiology of Hypertension among Adults in Al-Azhary Area in Khartoum-State...inventionjournals
Hypertension (HT) is one of the most important risk factors in cardiovascular disease which causes early death in adults. Hypertension is a common disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Hypertension a silent killer as it is symptomless and remains undiagnosed, and not controlled if diagnosed. This is a descriptive cross - sectional community based study was conducted in Al-Azhary area in Khartoum StateSudan, with aim to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to identify the possible risk factors associated with hypertension among adults. Data were collected from 303 participants (53.5% females and 46.5% males) using structured pretested questionnaire and blood pressure. The prevalence of hypertension was 19.1% (95% CI 0.61-1.93).There was no significant sex difference in the prevalence rate OR 1.09 (95% CI 0.61-1.93, P = 0.767). The results showed there was strong association between age group and hypertension (P = 0.0001), also there was statistical association between marital status, family history and hypertension positivity P.values =(0.0001 and 0.027) respectively. There was a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension among participants with diabetes, Vascular diseases and kidneys problems OR= (5.44(95% CI 1.89- 15.69, P = 0.017), 4.4(95% CI 0.86 - 2.39, P = 0.074) and 3.56 (95% CI 0.92-13.68, P = 0.05) respectively. Conclusion: one out of every five respondents of the study had hypertensive (19.1%). Age group, marital status, family history, history of (diabetes, vascular diseases and kidneys problems)were statistically significant predictors of hypertension positivity.
Prof. DR. Dr. Rochmad Romdoni, SpJP(K), FINASIM, FIHA, FAsCC. 3rd Pekanbaru Cardiology Update, August 24th 2013. Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Learn more at PerkiPekanbaru.com
Knowledge about hypertension and antihypertensive medication compliance in a ...Alexander Decker
The document discusses a study that investigated the relationship between knowledge about hypertension and compliance with antihypertensive medications in elderly Jordanians. The study found that elders with higher knowledge scores about hypertension were more likely to comply with their medications. The document concludes that providing education to elders about hypertension and medications can help improve compliance.
Similar to Awareness of Hypertension and Adult Education as a Preventive Measure among Adults in Ikereku Community of Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Awareness of Hypertension and Adult Education as a Preventive Measure among Adults in Ikereku Community of Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
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adults and a range from 14.7 to 69.9% depending on the
sight and age.
Hypertension is an important public health problem andthe
leading cause of cardiovascular disease globally. It accounts
for about 6% of deaths worldwideandaffects approximately
11–42% of Africans. Hypertension ranks first among non-
communicable diseases in Nigeria with prevalence ranging
from 8% to 46.4% in both men and women in rural and
urban communities. A recent non-communicable disease
survey in Abia State conducted by (Chimezie, Nnamdi,
Oluchi, Uche, Nkechi & Okechukwu, 2016) obtained a
prevalence of 31.8%among2999 respondents.However, the
awareness of blood pressure (BP) status among the
participants was not assessed. Studies haveshownthatmost
people in the general population are not aware of their BP
status. With relative lack of symptoms, most people with
hypertension are unawareand somewho areaware arenon-
adherent to prescribed pharmacologic and non-
pharmacologic measures required for optimal BP control.
One of the first steps toward the prevention of a disease is
awareness of the disease. Longstanding hypertension is
commonly complicated by widespread vascular endothelial
dysfunction which in the kidney leads to proteinuria.
Proteinuria in a person with high BP may be an indicator of
declining kidney function. If the hypertension is not
controlled, the person can develop chronic kidney disease
(CKD) which can progress to end stage renal disease. On the
other hand, CKD can lead to hypertension through salt and
water retention in the body.
In Nigeria, the prevalence of hypertension has been on the
increase affecting a significant number of highly productive
populations. A reviewof prevalenceamongadultsfrom1990
to 2009 showed combined prevalence of 22% and range
from a minimum of 12.4% to a maximum of 34.8%
(Ekwunife and Aguwa, 2011). It was estimated that there
were about 20.8 million cases of hypertension in Nigeria
among people aged at least 20 years, with a prevalence of
28.0% and projected increase to 39.1 million cases with a
prevalence of 30.8% by 2030 (Adeloyeetal.,2015).Areview
with wider coverage (1968 -2015) found overall crude
prevalence of hypertension to range from 2.1 to 47.2% in
adults and from 0.1 to 17.5% in children depending on the
study site, target population, type of measurement and cut-
off value used for defining hypertension (Akinlua, 2015).
Hyper-tension and its complications constitute
approximately 25% of emergency medical admissions in
urban hospitals in Nigeria (Ekere et al., 2005).
Research Questions
1. How could an individual control the disease?
2. How could social health workers help in controlling the
disease?
Research Hypothesis
1. There is no significant relationship between the rate of
awareness of hypertension and the level of education of
adults in Ikereku Community.
Literature Review
Concept of Hypertension
High blood pressure (BP) or hypertension is the most
common non-communicable disease and a significant risk
factor for renal disease and cardiovascular diseases such as
heart attacks, stroke, and left ventricular hypertrophy
globally (Lim, Vos, Flaxman, Danaei, Shibuya, Adair-Rohani,
Amann, Anderson, Andrews & Aryee 2012). Hypertension is
a major worldwide public health problem becauseofits high
prevalence with vascular disease, premature death, stroke,
renal diseases and retinopathy (Bani, 2011).
Hypertension is defined as a medical condition in which the
blood pressure in the arteries iselevatedexceeding140 over
90 mmHg. This elevation makes the heart work harder than
usual to circulate blood through theblood vessels(Leconte&
Ismael, 2012& Allender, 2010). Many patients suffer from
this disease are not aware about thisconditionearlybecause
it is usually occur without any symptoms. Hypertension
takes a long time before diagnosed thereby causing major
health problems as damage to organs as the brain and
kidneys and so on are the long term effect of hypertension
disease (Cunha & Marks, 2011).
Hypertension is defined as a sustained elevation in theblood
pressure of an individual above levelsconsiderednormalfor
the individual. This definition implies that there has to be a
reference value for an individual which is set arbitrarily
based on the above mentioned biosocial indices, in other
words there are various classifications for the diagnosis of
hypertension which actually erupted as a result of different
studies by various research groups and which became
adopted by the World Health Organization (W.H.O)
(American Heart Association 2003).
High blood pressure that is not caused by another condition
or disease is called primary or essential hypertension. If it
occurs as a result of another condition, it is called secondary
hypertension (Markus, 2017).
Primary hypertension can result from multiple factors,
including blood plasma volume and activityof thehormones
that regulate of blood volume and pressure. It is also
influenced by environmental factors, such as stress and lack
of exercise.
Secondary hypertension has specific causes and is a
complication of another problem. It can result from;
diabetes, due to both kidney problems and nerve damage;
kidney disease; pheochromocytoma, a rare cancer of an
adrenal gland; Cushing syndrome, which can be caused by
corticosteroid drugs; congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a
disorder of the cortisol-secreting adrenal glands;
hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid gland;
hyperparathyroidism, which affects calcium and
phosphorous levels; pregnancy; sleep apnea; obesity; and
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
Treating the underlying condition should see an
improvement in blood pressure.
The American Heart Association (2003) graded
hypertension as follows: normal, highnormal,grade1,grade
2, and grade 3.
1. Normal blood pressure - Systolic Blood Pressure<
130mmHg and Diastolic Blood Pressure of < 85mmHg.
2. High normal blood pressure - Systolic Blood
Pressure 130mmHg – 139mmHg and Diastolic Blood
Pressure of 85mmHg – 90mmHg.
3. Grade 1 (Mild hypertension)-Systolic Blood Pressure
140mmHg– 150mmHg and Diastolic Blood Pressure of
90mmHg – 99mmHg.
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4. Grade 2 (Moderate hypertension)-Systolic Blood
Pressure 160mmHg – 175mmHg and Diastolic Blood
Pressure of 100mmHg – 109mmHg.
5. Grade 3 (Severe hypertension) -Systolic Blood
Pressure ≥180mmHg and Diastolic Blood Pressure of
≥110mmHg.
Awareness of hypertension
Awareness of hypertension refers to having been informed
of one’s hypertensive status by a health professional
(American Heart Association, 2003).
Hypertension is an increasingly important health issue, not
just in the developed nations but also in the developing
countries of the world including those of Sub-SaharanAfrica
(BeLue, Okoror, Iwelunmor, Taylor, Degboe & Agyemang,
2009). Hypertension, once rare in WestAfricais emergingas
a serious endemic threat.
Studies from various countries identify hypertension as a
disease burden that requires concerted preventive and
control efforts. It has been referred to as a “silent killer”
because it often has no detectable symptoms while causing
continuous and progressive damage to vital (target) organs
in the body. It is an important causes of Coronary Heart
Disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, heart failure,
peripheral vascular disease and renal failure in both men
and women (World Health Organisation, 2003 & Graham, et
al., 2007). It is the leading global risk for mortality, being
responsible for about 7.5million deaths (13%) annually,and
the fifth leading contributor to the global burden of disease
WHO (2009).
Causes of Hypertension
There are several causes of high blood
pressure/hypertension, Markus, (2017) has highlighted
some to include the following:
Age: Hypertension is more common in peopleagedover
60 years. With age, blood pressure can increase steadily
as the arteries become stiffer and narrower due to
plaque build-up.
Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups are more prone to
hypertension.
Size and weight: Being overweight or obese is a key risk
factor.
Alcohol and tobacco use: Consuming large amountsof
alcohol regularly canincreaseaperson's blood pressure,
as can smoking tobacco.
Sex: The lifetime risk is the same for males and females,
but men are more prone to hypertension at a younger
age. The prevalence tends to be higher in older women.
Existing health conditions: Cardiovascular
disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and
high cholesterol levels can lead to hypertension,
especially as people get older.Other contributingfactors
include:
physical inactivity
a salt-rich diet associatedwith processed andfattyfoods
low potassium in the diet
alcohol and tobacco use
certain diseases and medications: A family history of
high blood pressure and poorly managed stresscanalso
contribute.
Symptoms of Hypertension
A person with hypertension may not notice any symptoms,
and it is often called the "silent killer." While undetected, it
can cause damage to the cardiovascular system and internal
organs, such as the kidneys. Regularly checking your blood
pressure is vital, as there will usually be no symptoms to
make you aware of the condition.
It is maintained that high blood pressure causes
sweating, anxiety, sleeping problems, and blushing.
However, in most cases, there will be no symptoms at all. If
blood pressure reaches the level of a hypertensive crisis, a
person may experience headaches and nosebleeds.
Effects of Hypertension
Long-term hypertension can cause complications
through atherosclerosis, where the formation of plaque
results in the narrowing of blood vessels. This makes
hypertension worse, as the heart must pump harder to
deliver blood to the body. High bloodpressureraisestherisk
of a number of health problems, including a heart attack.
Hypertension-related atherosclerosis can lead to:
Heart Failure and heart attacks
An aneurysm, or an abnormal bulge in the wall of an
artery that can burst, causing severe bleeding and, in
some cases, death
Kidney failure
Stroke
Amputation
Hypertensive retinopathies in the eye, which canlead to
blindness
Control of Hypertension
1. Maintain a healthy weight. When it comes to
hypertension prevention, your weight is crucial. People
who are overweight should try to lose weight, and
people of normal weight should avoid adding on any
pounds. If you are carrying extra weight, losing as little
as 10 pounds can help prevent highblood pressure. Talk
with your doctor about the best weight for you.
2. Eat a balanced diet. Eating healthful foods can help
keep your blood pressure under control. Get plenty of
fruits and vegetables, especially thoserich inpotassium,
and limit your intake of excess calories, fat, and sugar.
Consider following the Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension, or DASH, diet, which has been shown to
help manage blood pressure.
3. Cut back on salt. For many people,eatinga low-sodium
diet can help keep blood pressure normal. The higher
the sodium intake, the higher the blood pressure. You
can cut back on your total salt intake by avoiding high-
sodium packaged and processed foods and not adding
extra salt to your meals.
4. Exercise regularly. Get moving to prevent
hypertension. Physical activity is crucial. The more
exercise you get, the better, but even a little bit can help
control blood pressure. Moderate exercise for about 30
minutes three times a week is a good start. Exercise can
help bring your weight and blood pressure down. All
you need is a 30-minute brisk walk each day. Sixty
minutes of aerobic exercise--swimming, biking, or
kickboxing—three times a week counts, too. Maintain a
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regular exercise program and expect to see lower blood
pressure in just one to three months (Farpour-Lambert,
Aggoun, Marchand, Martin, Herrmann & Beghetti 2009;
and Cornelissen & Smart 2013).
5. Limit the alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol can lead
to high blood pressure.
6. Monitor your bloodpressure. Makesurethat you have
your blood pressure measured regularly, either at your
doctor's office or at home. High blood pressure often
occurs with no symptoms, so only blood pressure
readings will tell you if your blood pressure is on the
rise. If your doctor determines that you have pre-
hypertension — blood pressure in the range of 120-
139/80-89 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) that puts
you at increased risk of developing hypertension —
your doctor may recommend extra steps as a safeguard.
Prevalence of Hypertension
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the
prevalence of hypertension is highest in the African Region
at 46% of adults aged 25 years and above while the lowest
was found in the American region (WHO, 2011). The
incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular mortality has
been increasing in sub-Saharan Africa over the past few
decades (Ataklte,Erqou,Kaptoge, Taye,Echouffo-Tcheugui&
Kengne, 2015) and is expected to nearly double by the year
2030 (Damasceno, Azevedo, Silva-Matos, Prista, Diogo &
Lunet, 2009). In a systematic review of articles published on
hypertension between 2000 and2013 in sub-Saharan Africa,
Ataklte et al. reported a pooled hypertension prevalence of
30% in adults and a range from 14.7 to 69.9% depending on
the site and age.
In Nigeria, the prevalence of hypertension has been on the
increase affecting a significant number of highly productive
populations. A reviewof prevalenceamongadultsfrom1990
to 2009 showed combined prevalence of 22% and range
from a minimum of 12.4% to a maximum of 34.8%
(Ekwunife & Aguwa, 2011). It was estimatedthatthere were
about 20.8 million cases of hypertension in Nigeria among
people aged at least 20 years, with a prevalence of 28.0%
and projected increase to 39.1 million cases with a
prevalence of 30.8% by 2030 (Adeloye, Basquill, Aderemi,
Thompson & Obi, 2015). A review with wider coverage
(1968 -2015) found overall crude prevalence of
hypertension to range from 2.1 to 47.2% in adults and from
0.1 to 17.5% in children depending on the study site, target
population, type of measurement and cut-off value used for
defining hypertension(Akinlua,2015).Hyper-tensionand its
complications constitute approximately 25% of emergency
medical admissions in urban hospitals in Nigeria (Ekere,
Yellowe & Umune, 2005).
Multiple factors have been demonstrated to be associated
with the development of hypertensionand itscomplications.
These are grouped into modifiable and non-modifiable
factors. However, the modifiable factors such as
environmental and lifestyle factors rather than non-
modifiable factors (genetics and sex) are mainly associated
with hypertension. Hypertension has a stronger association
and causal link with five particular behaviours:Tobaccouse,
excessive use of alcohol, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet
(high salt intake and, insufficient fruit and vegetable
consumption) and obesity which are consequences of
urbanization in developing countries Van de Vijver, Akinyi,
Oti, Olajide, Agyemang, Aboderin & Kyobutungi, (2013).
Many prevalence studies have been conducted on adult
hypertension in Nigeria but only few has been conducted
among children and fewer looked at hypertension across all
ages in a setting. Hypertension has hitherto not beenseen as
a problem in children but in adults. However, there is
growing evidence of increasing prevalence in children
Bugaje, Yakubu & Ogala, (2005); Samuels, (2012); Okoh &
Alikor, 2013) with many adult hypertension beginning
during childhood. In addition, hypertension in youngpeople
is largely undiagnosed and untreated especially in low-
middle income countries (Samuels, 2012).
Hypertension prevalence data are crucial for understanding
the magnitude of the problem, identifyinggroupsathighrisk
for cardiovascular disease and evaluating the effects of
interventions in policy and practice. To plan effective life
course approach to prevention, the magnitude of the
problem across all ages needs to be ascertained.
Research Method
Research Design
This research was carried out by employing descriptive
survey research design in which elements of the specified
population were studied by collecting and analysing data
with the results being representative of the entire
population. The design was adopted in order to investigate
the awareness of hypertension among adults in Ikereku
Community.
Population
The population consisted of adults residing in Ikereku
Community of Akinyele Local GovernmentAreaof OyoState,
male and female of ages 18 years and above. The population
involved males and females living in this community.
Sample and Sampling techniques
The sample for the study consisted of One hundred and
thirty-five (150) respondents drawn from the entire
population of the community. The study employed simple
random sampling technique to selectthe150 respondentsto
make them representative of the entire population of males
and females living in Ikereku community of Akinyele Local
Government Area of Oyo State.
Instrument
The instrument used for the study was a self-constructed
structured questionnaire which enabled the researcher to
collect data for this study.
Data Analysis
The responses for each of the questions during interview
were coded based on modified Likert Scale typeof Yesor No.
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Results and Discussion
Research Question 1: How could an individual control the disease?
Table1: Descriptive analysis of research question one
S/N Items
Response
Yes No Total
1. Going for frequent checkup can help reduce the hazard of the disease
Frequency 132 18 150
Percentage% 88.0% 12.0% 100.0%
2. Regular visit to the hospital
Frequency 100 50 150
Percentage% 66.7% 33.3% 100.0%
3. Taking and measuring ones blood level regularly
Frequency 119 31 150
Percentage% 79.3% 20.7% 100.0%
4. Religiously taking ones prescribed drug from the hospital
Frequency 106 44 150
Percentage% 70.7% 29.3% 100.0%
5. Adhering to instructions on food consumption
Frequency 109 41 150
Percentage% 72.7% 27.3% 100.0%
Sum Total
Frequency 113 37 150
Percentage% 75.5% 24.5% 100.0%
From Table 1 above, on item 1, 132(88.0%) of the respondents agreed that going for frequent checkup can help reduce the
hazard of the disease, while 18(12.0%) of the respondents disagreed with the statement. On item 2, 100(66.7%) of the
respondents agreed that regular visit to the hospital is another way of knowing ones status, while 50(33.3%) of the
respondents disagreed. On item 3, 119(79.3%) of the respondents agreedthattakingand measuringonesblood level regularly
can help to know if they are having the disease, while 31(20.7%) of the respondents disagreed with the statement. On item 4,
106(70.7%) of the respondents agreed thatreligiouslytakingones prescribed drugfromthehospitalisanother waycontrolling
the disease, while 44(79.3%) of the respondents disagreed. On item 5, 109(72.7%) of the respondentsagreedthat adheringto
instructions on food consumption can help prevent the disease, while 41(27.3%) of the respondents disagreed with the
statement.
Research Question 2: How could social health workers help in controlling the disease?
Table2: Descriptive analysis of research question two
S/N Items
Response
Yes No Total
6.
Health workers can help reduce the risk of hypertension by creating
awareness of the disease
Frequency 123 27 150
Percentage 82.0% 18.0% 100.0%
7. They can also help through the provision of free medical care
Frequency 122 28 150
Percentage 81.3% 18.7% 100.0%
8.
Organizing seminars for those suffering from the disease at least twice
or thrice in a month
Frequency 109 41 150
Percentage 72.7% 27.3% 100.0%
9.
Provision of anti-hypertensive drugs for the adults in the Local
Government Area could help the people to be immune to the disease
Frequency 118 32 150
Percentage 78.7% 21.3% 100.0%
Sum Total
Frequency 118 32 150
Percentage 78.7% 21.3% 100.0
From Table 2, on item 6, 123(82.0%) of the respondents agreed that social health workers can to help reduce the risk of
hypertension by creating awareness of the disease, while 27(18.0%) of the respondentsdisagreed with thestatement.On item
7, 122(81.3%) of the respondents agreed that health workers can also help through the provision of free medical care, while
28(18.7%) of the respondents disagreed. On item 8, 109(72.7%) of the respondents agreed thatorganizingseminars for those
suffering from the disease at least twice or thrice in a month can help in controlling the disease, while 41(27.3%) of the
respondents disagreed. On item 9, 118(78.7%) of the respondents agreed that provision of anti-hypertensive drugs for the
adults in the Local Government Area could help the people to be immunefromthedisease,while32(21.3%) of therespondents
disagreed with the statement.
Testing of Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the rate of awareness of hypertension and the level of education of
adults in Ikereku Community of Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State.
Table3: Relationship between the rate of awareness of hypertension and the level of education of adults in
Ikereku Community of Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State
Correlations
Awareness Education
Awareness of Hypertension
Pearson Correlation 1 -.109
Sig. (2-tailed) .184
N 150 150
Level of Education
Pearson Correlation -.109 1
Sig. (2tailed) .184
N 150 150
P>0.05
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Table 3 above showed the significant level at 0.184 which is greater than the alpha level of significant 0.05. Since P>0.05,
therefore, the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the rate of awareness of hypertension and the
level of education of adults in Ikereku Community of Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State.is hereby accepted.
Therefore, the level of education of adults in Ikereku Community does not have anything to do with their level of awarenessof
the disease. That is, being educated or not does not determine their level of awareness.
Discussion of Findings
Findings revealed that there are different measures to be
taken by individual in order to control the disease, some of
these measures are; taking and measuring ones blood level
regularly, religiously taking ones prescribed drug from the
hospital, and adhering to instructions on food consumption
this result. This result is in agreement with the findings of
Farpour-Lambert, Aggoun, Marchand, Martin, Herrmann &
Beghetti (2009); and Cornelissen & Smart (2013) who
posited that exercise can help bring your weight and blood
pressure down. All you need is a 30-minute brisk walk each
day. Sixty minutes of aerobic exercise--swimming, biking,or
kickboxing—three times a week counts, too. Maintain a
regular exercise program and expect to see lower blood
pressure in just one to three months.
Furthermore, findings revealed that there aredifferentways
in which social health workers can help to control the
disease like creating awareness of the disease, provision of
free medical care, Provision of anti-hypertensive drugs for
the adult in the Local Governmentinordertohelpthepeople
to be immune from the disease and so on. The result is in
agreement with the position of Maher, Smeeth & Sekajugo
(2010) who posited that the provision of reliable
information to the public, educationalapproachesalsoassist
the individual development of decision making skills. In
addition to that, it also provides a platform for the public to
explore and share common health attitudes.
Result from Research Hypothesis 1 revealed that there is no
significant relationship between the rate of awareness of
hypertension and the level of education of adults in Ikereku
Community, Oyo State, Nigeria. That isbeingeducated or not
does not determine their level of awareness. This result was
in disagreement with the view of (Wolf-Maier, et al ( 2000)
that the risk of hypertension amongsttheilliterateand those
with less than high school diploma was 8.7 and 6.5 times
respectively compared to subject with high school diploma
or more.
Conclusion
The result of this study revealed that the level of awareness
of hypertension as a disease among the people of Ikereku
Community, Oyo State was very high compared totheirlevel
of awareness of their hypertensive status. As a result of
ignorance about their status, those that were hypertensive
are not under any form of treatment due to their ignorance
about their status.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, the following
recommendations are hereby made:
1. Health education on importance of routine medical
check-up, potential complications and risk factors
associated with hypertension be undertaken at every
health facility providing primary care will enhance
health seeking behaviour in the population.
2. Provision of anti-hypertensivedrugsforadultin Ikereku
Community of Oyo State could help the people to be
immune from the disease.
3. Public enlightenment on healthy lifestylebeundertaken
by the Public Health Departments of various State
Ministries of Health and Primary Health Care
Departments of Local Governmentswould goalongway
in reducing vulnerability to hypertension.
4. Individuals in Ikereku Community should be going for
frequent checkup in order to reduce the hazard of the
disease.
5. The people should endeavour to adhere strictly to
instructions on food consumption.
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