Health and Society
Health in History
Health in low-income countries
Health in high income countries
Eating Disorder
HIV AIDS
The Rise of Scientific Medicine
Medicine in socialist societies
Health and Society
Health in History
Health in low-income countries
Health in high income countries
Eating Disorder
HIV AIDS
The Rise of Scientific Medicine
Medicine in socialist societies
This presentation contains :-
1. Concepts of health
2. Definition of health
3. Philosophy of health
4. Dimension of health
5. Determinants of health
6. Indicators of health
HEALTH CONCEPT
1. STAYING ACTIVE
2. STRONG HEART
3. RELAXATION
4. MINERAL NUTRIENT
5. DRINK LOT OF WATER
6. VITAMINS
7. FREE STRESS
8. STRONG IMMUNE SYSTEM
9. BALANCE DIET
10. SLEEP WELL
11. BALANCE LIFE
This presentation contains :-
1. Concepts of health
2. Definition of health
3. Philosophy of health
4. Dimension of health
5. Determinants of health
6. Indicators of health
HEALTH CONCEPT
1. STAYING ACTIVE
2. STRONG HEART
3. RELAXATION
4. MINERAL NUTRIENT
5. DRINK LOT OF WATER
6. VITAMINS
7. FREE STRESS
8. STRONG IMMUNE SYSTEM
9. BALANCE DIET
10. SLEEP WELL
11. BALANCE LIFE
www.gunamhospitals.com
Super Specialty Hospitals Hosur
Tamil Nadu
Dr Rajesh B Iyer and team
Survey No.120/2B2, Opp to Govt Hospital, Denkani Kotta Road, Hosur, Tamil Nadu 635109
04344 220 599
Nutrition and Health Essay
Essay on Definitions of Health
Maintaining a Healthy Body Essay example
Essay about A Healthy Heart
Essay on Drinking Water Is Healthy
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
Essay About Being Healthy
Good Health.
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
Essay about Philosophy of Health
health can be defined as a state of physical, emotion, mental, and social. It involves physical health, mental health, and social health.emotional and psychological health.Mental health is the ability to deal with mental stress, emotions, depression, anxiety, and maintain positive relationship.Up-to-date checkups are important for your health. Health care provider can help catch health problem and prevent them from worse problem. This is the time to improve your health, start with today.
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health is essential for individuals to lead a productive life. Good health allows people to work, learn, and engage in recreational activities without limitations. It also provides a sense of mental and emotional well-being, which is vital for a person's overall happiness and quality of life.
Moreover, health is a fundamental human right. It is a condition that is necessary for individuals to achieve their full potential and contribute to the society they live in. Good health is also essential for reducing poverty and achieving sustainable development.
Moreover, health is a fundamental human right. It is a condition that is necessary for individuals to achieve their full potential and contribute to the society they live in. Good health is also essential for reducing poverty and achieving sustainable development.
Moreover, health is a fundamental human right. It is a condition that is necessary for individuals to achieve their full potential and contribute to the society they live in. Good health is also essential for reducing poverty and achieving sustainable development.
Moreover, health is a fundamental human right. It is a condition that is necessary for individuals to achieve their full potential and contribute to the society they live in. Good health is also essential for reducing poverty and achieving sustainable development.
Moreover, health is a fundamental human right. It is a condition that is necessary for individuals to achieve their full potential and contribute to the society they live in. Good health is also essential for reducing poverty and achieving sustainable development.
A sequence of 12 slides shows us a new evidence of a healthy life we all are really born to. Then what is a role of the complementary medicine at the background of human\’s body regular biology. It counterpart the role of a health problem and where is the right place of conventional and the complementary medicine.
Right is the saying "Health Is Wealth." To achieve health to the highest extent possible, it is imperative that the advantages of medical, psychological, and associated information be made available to all individuals. Maintaining one's physical condition and taking precautions to lower the risk of contracting various diseases constitutes being healthy.
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
Essay on Definitions of Health
Essay about A Healthy Heart
Essay about Philosophy of Health
Maintaining a Healthy Body Essay example
Nutrition and Health Essay
Health Care Persuasive Essay
Good Health.
Health Goal Essay
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
Health and Exercise Essay
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
2. Index
Health
Factors Affecting Health
Maintaining Health
Laugh Often
Play Sports/Games
Have enough sleep
o Problems caused by lack of sleep.
Disease
World Health Organization
3. Medicine
Alternative medical systems.
Mind-Body Interventions
Biologically-based therapies
Energy therapies.
4. Health
What is health?
Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well being.
Healthy and disease free
Although most of the people use both these terms in the same context,
there is a clear difference in being healthy and disease free.
While healthy means being mentally, physically and socially fit, disease-
free is a state of absence of any body discomfort.
A healthy person can be disease free but a disease free person cannot be
a healthy person.
5. Factors Influencing Health
A number of other factors are known to influence the health status of
individuals, like-
• Health care interventions
• A person's surroundings
• Their background and lifestyle
• Economic and social conditions
• Education and literacy
• Personal health practices and coping skills.
6. Maintaining health
Achieving and maintaining health is an ongoing process, shaped by both the
evolution of health care knowledge and practices, as well as personal strategies
and organized interventions for staying healthy.
There are a number of little things one can do to maintain their health.
1. Control your habits.
All of the major causes of death (such as cancer, heart
disease, stroke, lung disease and injury) can be prevented
in part by making healthy lifestyle choices.
7. 4. Eat healthy.
A healthy diet has many health benefits. Heart disease,
certain cancers, stroke, diabetes and damage to your arteries
can be linked to what one eats. By making healthier food
choices, one can also lower his/her cholesterol and lose
weight.
5. Laugh often.
6. Play sports/ Games.
7. Have enough sleep.
8. 5. Laugh Often
Laughter is all about playfulness.
It is considered a visual expression of a number of
positive emotional states, such as joy,
mirth, happiness, relief, etc.
Laughter causes the dilatation of the inner lining
of blood vessels, and increases blood flow.
Laughter has also been shown to lead to
reductions in stress hormones.
9. Play is an integral part of human nature.
It is also one of the best sources of amusement and entertainment.
Any sporting activity involves physical
exertion and skill, with and individual or
a team engaged in competition with one
another.
It helps us to develop physically, mentally
and socially too.
6. Play Sports/Games.
10. 7. Have enough Sleep
Sleep is important to a healthy lifestyle as eating
properly and exercising.
Getting a good night’s sleep is one of the simplest things we
can do to stay healthy.
A good night’s sleep means waking up rested and rejuvenated.
Not getting enough sleep can lead to problems in
concentrating.
Lack of sleep is the reason for many ailments.
11. Sleep is crucial for maintaining one’s health
Without it, we increase our susceptibility to an astonishing
array of health problems like-
Heart disease
Stroke
Diabetes
Obesity
Depression
12. Problems caused by lack of sleep
1. Not sleeping enough can compromise our immune system.
• We eat well and exercise in order to keep our immune system
up.
• But if we are not sleeping, we undo all the good work.
• The immune system works best when we are sleeping.
2. It can cause malfunctioning of natural killer cells.
• These cells are produced in the bone marrow and are found in
the blood and lymph.
• They are part of the body’s defence system.
• They do not work properly in the persons who are sleep-
deprived.
• This leaves our bodies undefended and susceptible to infection.
13. 3. Heart failures.
• There is a higher rate of heart failure
among people with sleep disorders and
disturbances.
• There is an increased evidence of C-
reactive protein, an indicator of heart
disease risk, in people suffering from
sleep loss.
4. It causes problem of regulation of
hormones.
• Chronic sleep loss can reduce the body’s
ability to regulate hormones and process
carbohydrates.
• Sleep disturbances increase the likelihood
of pre-diabetic state of glucose
intolerance and insulin resistance.
14. Sleep is also important for ensuring a balanced brain
activity.
During sleep, brain neurotransmitters are replenished.
When we do not sleep well, our brain chemicals become
depleted which leads to emotional disturbances like-
Depression
Anxiety
General feelings of sadness
Anger and Irritation
15. A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism
It is often construed to be a medical condition associated with specific
symptoms and signs.
It is any condition that causes pain, distress, social problems, or death.
It sometimes includes injuries, disorders, syndromes, infections or
disabilities.
There are four main types of disease:
pathogenic disease
deficiency disease
hereditary disease and
physiological disease.
° Diseases can also be classified as communicable and non-communicable
disease.
Disease
16. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of
the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international public
health.
It was established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva,
Switzerland and is a member of the United Nations Development
Group.
The WHO's constitution states that its objective "is the attainment by
all people of the highest possible level of health."
Since its creation, WHO has been responsible for playing a leading role
in the eradication of smallpox.
Its current priorities include communicable diseases, in particular,
HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
World Health Organization
17. Medicine is the field of applied science and
the art of healing
It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved
to maintain and restore health by prevention and
treatment of illness in human beings.
The word medicine is derived from the Latin word
medicina, meaning the art of healing.
18. National Center for Complementary and Alternative
Medicine (NCCAM) has helped people understand
the many complementary and alternative treatments
by classifying them into five broad categories:
◦ Alternative Medical Systems
◦ Mind-Body Interventions
◦ Biologically-Based Therapies
◦ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
◦ Energy Therapies
19. Alternative medical systems are built upon complete systems of theory
and practice.
Often, these systems have evolved apart from and earlier than the
conventional medical approach used in the United States.
Examples of alternative medical systems include:
◦ Acupuncture
◦ Ayurveda
◦ Homeopathy
◦ Native American healing practices
◦ Naturopathic medicine
◦ Tibetan medicine
◦ Traditional Chinese medicine
Ayurveda: A
boon to life.
20. Mind-body medicine uses a variety of techniques designed to enhance the
mind's capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms.
Some techniques that were considered alternative in the past have
become mainstream (for example, patient support groups and cognitive-
behavioral therapy).
Other mind-body techniques are still considered alternative, including:
◦ Art therapy
◦ Biofeedback
◦ Dance therapy
◦ Guided imagery
◦ Humor therapy
◦ Hypnotherapy
◦ Meditation
◦ Music therapy
◦ Prayer therapy
◦ Yoga
21. Biologically based therapies in complementary and
alternative medicine use substances found in nature, such as
herbs, foods, and vitamins.
Some examples include:
◦ Diet
◦ Dietary supplements
◦ Herbal products
◦ Megavitamins
Aloe breeze: Dietary
supplement drink
22. Manipulative and body-based methods in complementary
and alternative medicine are based on manipulation and/or
movement of one or more parts of the body.
Some examples include:
◦ Acupressure
◦ Alexander Technique
◦ Massage therapy
◦ Therapeutic Touch
◦ Osteopathy
◦ Reflexology
◦ Rolfing
Acupressure therapy
23. Energy therapies involve the use of energy fields. They are of
two types:
◦ Bio-field therapies
◦ Bio-electromagnetic-based therapies
1. Bio-field therapies
These are intended to affect energy fields that purportedly surround
and penetrate the human body.
The existence of such fields has not yet been scientifically proven.
Examples include:
Qi gong
Reiki
Therapeutic Touch
24. 2. Bio-electromagnetic-based therapies
These therapies involve the unconventional use of electromagnetic
fields.
Examples include:
Pulsed fields
Magnetic fields
Alternating-current or direct-current fields
Energy therapy