This document defines key concepts related to health including definitions of health from various sources such as the WHO and dictionaries. It discusses changing concepts of health from a biomedical model to holistic models. It also defines related concepts like well-being, quality of life, and positive health. Finally, it outlines determinants and dimensions of health as well as characteristics of healthcare systems.
Definition of health, determinants of health, the galenic concept of health, modern health concepts, biological, ecological, psychological & holistic concept, lastly question-answer session.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Definition of health, determinants of health, the galenic concept of health, modern health concepts, biological, ecological, psychological & holistic concept, lastly question-answer session.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
Concept of health and wellbeing by Dr. Sonam Aggarwal Dr. Sonam Aggarwal
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity”. (given by: WHO, 1948)
In 1978, the ability to lead a “socially and economically productive life” was also added to the definition by WHO.
The concept of health as defined by WHO is broad and positive in its implications; it sets out the standard, the standard of “positive” health.
However, the WHO definition of health is not an “operational definition”.
A brief presentation on the Concept of Health and Wellbeing. (data till 2019)
it may be useful for MBBS undergraduate and postgraduate of Community Medicine/ Preventive and social medicine.
Concept of Health and Diseases- B.Pharm Semester 7vedanshu malviya
health is a state of bodily equilibrium while disease is a state of homeostatic failure. But the process of human growth as Boorse observed is itself leading to homeostatic disequilibrium . Value: disease is undesirable while health is desirable. Health is thus a social value in human society.
concept of health & Illness, health illness continum, prevention and its levels, body defence, health care team, health care delivery system, health care agencies
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
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This document describes the acute management of AV block.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. DEFINITION OF HEALTH
• “Health” is one of those terms people find it
difficult to define.
• Many definitions of health have been offered
from time to time. Some of them include:
a. “the condition of being sound in body, mind or
spirit, especially freedom from physical disease
or pain” [Webster].
b. “soundness of body or mind; that condition in
which its functions are duly and efficiently
discharged” [Oxford Dictionary]
3. DEFINITION OF HEALTH [cont…]
c. “a condition or quality of the human organism
expressing the adequate functioning of the
organism in given conditions, genetic and
environmental”.
d. “a state of relative equilibrium of body form and
function which results from its successful
dynamic adjustment to forces tending to disturb
it. It is not passive interplay between body
substance and forces impinging upon it but an
active response of body forces working toward
readjustment” [Perkins].
4. W.H.O DEFINITION OF HEALTH
The widely accepted definition of health is
that given by World Health Organization
(1948). It says that:
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental
and social wellbeing and not merely an
absence of disease or infirmity”.
5. CHANGING CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
Health has evolved over the centuries as a concept
from an individual concern to a world-wide social
goal comprising the whole quality of life. The
changing concepts include:
1. Bio-medical Concept
Absence of disease then the person considered as
healthy
The medical profession viewed the human body as a
machine, disease as a consequence of the breakdown
of the machine.
The job of the doctors was to repair the machine.
This model was inadequate to solve some of the
major health problems e.g., malnutrition, chronic
diseases, mental illness, etc.
6. CHANGING CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
[cont…]
2. Ecological Concept
The ecologists viewed health as a dynamic
equilibrium between man and his environment, and
disease a maladjustment of the human organism to
environment.
This concept talked about imperfect man and
imperfect environment.
3. Psychosocial Concept
Developments in Social Sciences revealed that health
is not only a Biomedical phenomenon, but one which
is influenced by social, psychological, cultural,
economic and political factors of the people
concerned.
7. CHANGING CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
[cont…]
4. Holistic Concept
The holistic model is a synthesis of all the above
concepts.
It recognizes the strength of social economic,
political and environmental influences on health.
The holistic approach implies that all sectors of
society have an effect on health e.g., agriculture,
food, housing, public works, etc.
The emphasis is on the promotion and protection
of health.
8. CONCEPT OF WELL BEING
• Psychologists have pointed that the “well – being”
of an individual or group of individuals have
“objective” and “subjective” components.
• The objective components relate to such concerns
as are generally known by the term “standard of
living” or level of living”.
• The subjective component of well – being (as
expressed by each individual) is referred to as
“quality of life”
9. CONCEPT OF WELL BEING
[cont…]
1. Standard of Living
It refers to the usual scale of our expenditure, the
goods we consume and the services we enjoy.
WHO defined standard of living as “income and
occupation, standards of housing, sanitation and
nutrition, educational, recreational and other
services that are used individually as measures of
socio – economic status and collectively as an
index of the standard of living”
10. CONCEPT OF WELL BEING
[cont…]
2. Level of living
Parallel term for standard of living used in united nation
documents- 9 components
Health
Food consumption
Education
Occupation and working condition
Housing
Social security
Clothing
Recreation and leisure
Human rights
11. CONCEPT OF WELL BEING
[cont…]
3. Quality of life (QoL)
QoL was defined by WHO as: “The condition of
life resulting from the combination of the effects
of the complete range of factors such as those
determining health, happiness (including
comfort in the physical environment and a
satisfying occupation), education, social and
intellectual attainments, freedom of action,
justice and freedom of expression”
12. CONCEPT OF WELL BEING
[cont…]
4. Physical Quality of Life index (PQLI)
• It is an index that consolidates three indicators, infant
mortality, life expectancy at age one and literacy
• For each component, the performance of individual
countries is placed on a scale of 0 to 100, where 0
represents an absolutely defined ‘worst’ performance,
and 100 represents an absolutely defined ‘best’
performance.
• The composite index is calculated by averaging the
three indicators, giving equal weight to each of them.
The resulting PQLI is also scaled 0 to 100
13. CONCEPT OF WELL BEING
[contd…]
4. Human Development Index (HDI)
It is defined as “ a composite index combining
indicators representing three dimensions – life
expectancy at birth, knowledge (adult literacy rate
and mean years of schooling) and income.
The HDI is a more comprehensive measure and
reflects achievements in the most basic human
capabilities( being long life, knowledgeable and
standard of living)
The HDI values ranges between 0 to 1
14. POSITIVE HEALTH
• The state of positive health implies the notion of
“perfect functioning” of the body and mind.
• It conceptualizes health biologically as a state in
which every cell and every organ is functioning at
optimum capacity and in perfect harmony with
the rest of the body, psychologically, as a state in
which the individual feels a sense of perfect well-
being and of mastery over his environment and
socially as a state in which the individual's
capacities for participation in the social system
are optimal.
15. SPECTRUM OF HEALTH
• The spectral concept of health emphasizes that the
health of an individual is not static, it is a
dynamic phenomenon and a process of
continuous change, subject to frequent variations.
• Health and disease lie along a continuum, and
there is no single cut-off point.
• The lowest point on the health-disease spectrum is
death and the highest point corresponds to the
WHO definition of positive health.
16. Health sickness spectrum
Positive Health
Better Health
Freedom from Sickness
Unrecognized Sickness
Mild Sickness
Severe Sickness
Death
17. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
• Health is multifactorial.
• The factors which influence health lie both within the
individual and externally in the society in which he or
she lives.
• The health of a man depends basically on 2 sets of
factors – genetic and environmental.
• These factors interact and these interactions may be
health-promoting or deleterious.
19. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
1. Physical Dimension – The signs of a physically
healthy person are:
Good complexion
Clean skin
Bright eyes
Firm flesh
Good appetite
Sound sleep
Regular activity of bowels & bladder
Smooth, easy, coordinated bodily movements.
20. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH [cont...]
2. Mental Dimension – A mentally healthy person is:
Free from internal conflicts
Well adjusted
One who searches for identity
One has a strong sense of self-esteem
One who knows himself, his needs, problems and
goals ( self actualization)
One who has good self-control -balances rationality
and emotionality
Faces problems and solves problems intelligently
21. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH [cont..]
3. Social Dimension
4. Psychological Dimension
5. Spiritual Dimension
6. Vocational Dimension
7. Cultural Dimension
8. Emotional Dimension
9. Educational Dimension
22. HEALTH CARE
• It is defined as a “multitude of services rendered
to individuals, families or communities by the
agents of the health services or profession, for the
purpose of promoting, maintaining, monitoring or
restoring health.
• Health care is an expression of concern for fellow
human beings.
• Health care is not medical care, but it includes
medical care.
23. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHCARE
Health care has many characteristics:
Appropriateness
Comprehensiveness
Adequacy
Availability
Accessibility
Affordability
Feasibility
24. LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE
• Health services are usually organized at 3 levels, each level
supported by a higher level to which the patient is referred .
• These levels are:
A) Primary Level – This is the first level of contact between
the individual and the health system where “essential”
health care is provided.
B) Secondary Level – At this level, more complex problems
are dealt with. This care comprises essentially curative
services and is provided .
C) Tertiary Level – This level offers super-specialist services.
Regional/ Central level institutions provides not only
highly specialized care, but also provides teaching.
25. REFERENCE
Park,K.(2010). “ Park’s Textbook of
Preventive and Social Medicine”. Ed 20.
Bhanarsidoss Bhanot Publishers,
Jabalpur, India.