Headaches are classified into 12 main types by the International Headache Society. The most common types are migraine, tension, and cluster headaches. Migraines involve severe throbbing pain and symptoms like nausea, sensitivity to light and sound. Tension headaches cause tight, band-like discomfort and are associated with stress and fatigue. Cluster headaches involve intense, unilateral pain around the eye and are characterized by bouts of attacks over weeks or months. Causes of headaches include issues like tumors, infections, hypertension, and eye/ear/nose/throat problems. Treatment depends on the type but may involve medications, oxygen therapy, or stress reduction.