This document discusses various types of headaches, their causes and symptoms. It defines seven main types of headaches - migraines, rebound headaches, hypnic headaches, cluster headaches, tension headaches, sinus headaches and exertion headaches. For each type it provides the key signs and symptoms. It also discusses the diagnosis and treatment of headaches, including medications and nursing interventions.

1. Muhammad Salman
Nursing Lecturer

2.  Define headache
 Types of headache
 Causes of headache
 Sign and symptoms of headache
 Diagnosis of headache
 Medical management of headache
 Nursing intervention for headache patient

3.  A headache is pain or discomfort in the head.
 Types of headache
 1. migraine
 2. rebound headache.
 3. Hypnic headache.
 4. Cluster headache
 5. Tension Headache
 6. Sinus Headaches
 7. exertion headache

4.  A migraine is a headache that can cause
severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation,
usually on one side of the head. Caused due
to
 Changes in the brainstem
 imbalances in brain chemicals — including
serotonin, which helps regulate pain in your
nervous system
 Other neurotransmitters play a role in the
pain of migraine, including calcitonin gene-
related peptide (CGRP).

5.  Rebound headaches, formally known as
“medication overuse headaches,” happen
when you treat headaches with medication
too.
 Ibuprofen, acetaminophen and caffeine for
long time when directly withdrawal pain
killers cause rebound headache

6.  A hypnic headache is one that wakes you up,
typically in the middle of the night. · The
symptoms of a hypnic headache include dull
or throbbing.
 Excessive exposure to light cause hypnic
headache.
 When melatonin production disturbed cause
hypnic headache.

7.  Cluster headaches cause severe pain around
the eye, usually on one side of the head. The
pain is stabbing, sharp, or burning rather
than throbbing.
 Some triggers can cause episodes of cluster
headaches, such as alcohol, a sudden rise in
temperature, or exercising

8.  A tension-type headache causes mild to
moderate pain that's often described as
feeling like a tight band around the head.
 Feeling of tightness or pressure across the
forehead or on the sides and back of the
head.
 Tenderness in the scalp, neck and shoulder
muscles.
 A l c o h o l cause tension headache because
stretched the muscle of eye lide,jaw and
shoulder muscle

9.  Sinus headache cause due to inflammation of
sinus.
 Exertion headache start due to heavy lifting
pressure.
 Treatment.
 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), such
as ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin,
or acetaminophen
 Massage is very effective

10.  Maintain adequate hydration.
 Administer analgesic medications as
prescribed.
 Encourage relaxation techniques such as
deep breathing and guided imagery.
 Provide education on avoidance of
triggers such as noise, bright lights, and
stress.

11.  (GBS) happens when a person's own immune
system harms their body's nerves. This harm
causes muscle weakness and sometimes
paralysis.
 Influenza virus can also attack on nerves.
 cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus can also
damage peripheral nerves

12.  A pins and needles sensation in your fingers,
toes, ankles or wrists.
 Weakness in your legs.
 Unsteady walking or inability to walk or climb
stairs.
 Double vision or inability to move the eyes.
 Difficulty with bladder control or bowel
function.
 Difficulty breathing

13.  Electromyography. Thin-needle electrodes
are inserted into the muscles your doctor
wants to study. The electrodes measure nerve
activity in the muscles.
 Nerve conduction studies. Electrodes are
taped to the skin above your nerves. A small
shock is passed through the nerve to
measure the speed of nerve signals.
 CBC

14.  Plasmapharesis In this treatment, a machine
separates the plasma from your blood, treats
it, and then returns the plasma and blood to
your body. Plasma exchange filters out
the antibodies in your plasma that are
attacking your nerves.
 Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG):
This treatment involves intravenous (IV)
injections of immunoglobulins, which are
proteins that your immune system naturally
makes to attack invading organisms.

15.  IVIG can lessen your immune system’s attack
on your nerves.
 If viral infection start anti viral medications.
 Physical therapy.

16.  Close monitoring of respiration
 Nutritional maintenance via NG tube
 Administered prescribed medications
 Promote mobility
 Provide body care.

17.  Alzheimer's disease is the most common type
of dementia. It is a progressive disease
beginning with mild memory loss and
possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry
on a conversation and respond to the
environment. Alzheimer's disease involves
parts of the brain that control thought,
memory, and language.

18.  Age
 Head injury
 Vascular thrombosis
 Genetic
 Environmental factors
 Alcohol
 Deficit diet

19.  Stage 1. it is also called mild.
 Duration= 1-3yr
 Sign and symptoms
 Mild memory loss
 New learning defective
 Recall ability mildly impaired
 Like some naming errors
 Motor system normal

20.  Duration – 2-10yr
 Sign and symptoms
 Moderate memory loss
 Recall ability severely impaired
 Disorientation (spatial)
 Aphasia

21.  Duration (8-12 yr.)
 sign and symptoms
 Severely impaired cognitive function
 Limb rigidity
 Urinary and fecal incontinence
 Irritability
 Dysphasia
 Difficulty in changing position and movement

22.  Cholinesterase inhibitor just like
donopezil,galadimine etc.
 Memory enhancing medicines just like
choline, lecithine etc.
 Antidepressant medicines

23.  Encourage patient for physical examination
 Ensure patient safety because patient is more
prone to injury due to low brain function
 Helps in taking medicines
 Provide a quite environment to patient
whether he remains calm and focus on his
activities