1. Kenny Yang

2. What is a Processor?
-inputs  outputs
-software instructions to useful
information
-central processing unit (CPU)

3. Transistor
-silicon
-voltage controlled
-on/off
-smallest size: 2000=human hair

4. Transistor
-N and P (NPN shown)
-voltage input at gate
-flow=1, no flow=0
-combine transistors

5. Integrated Circuit
-enhance power of transitor
-mass production
-before circuit, wires
-store and process bits and bytes

6. CPU
-condenses chips and circuits into
microprocessor
-controls the whole computer
-chips onto wafer

7. CPU-components
-control unit: coordinator
-arithmetic/logic unit (ALU): logic
-registers: bytes in process

8. CPU-components
-cache: temp storage area, boosts
speed
-clock speed: internal clock in GHz
-overclocking

9. RAM
-random access memory
-works with CPU
-not enough-slow
-temporary storage area to work
with apps

10. ROM
-read-only memory
-permanent storage
-fixed circuit states

11. Video Memory
-graphics support
-buffer between microprocessor and
display
-may have graphics processing unit
(GPU) to assist CPU

12. Motherboard
-connects all the components
-slots for microprocessor, RAM,
ROM, video card, extensions
-form controls size of computer

13. Bus
-connects components of
motherboard
-speed impacts CPU performance
-front side bus (FSB) feeds
instructions to CPU

14. Machine Cycle
-organizes processing instructions
-4 steps:
-record location
-fletching from RAM
-decode
-send to ALU

15. Multiprocessing
-multiple processors
-parallel processing: divide work
-graphic rendering-save time

16. Multicore
-multiple CPUs on one chip
-increased speed
-slower clock speed

17. Moore’s Law
-Gordon Moore’s prediction
-more is better
-law will eventually end

18. New Technologies
-High k-materials: smaller than
silicon
-Optical computing: light waves
-3D processing: vertical and
horizontal

19. New Technologies
-quantum computing: quantum
mechanics
-DNA computing: nanotech, DNA<
enzymes, 100,000x PC speed

20. Summary
-instruction translation
-transistors
-CPU
-components held on motherboard
-rate of advancement