This document provides information on quantitative research, including its characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and different types. It defines quantitative research as employing numbers and statistics to come up with generalizations. It lists characteristics like large sample sizes, objectivity, and ability to generalize findings. Strengths include being objective, allowing prediction of outcomes, and enabling fast data analysis. Weaknesses are an inability to explore issues in depth and not accounting for human experiences like feelings. The types of quantitative research discussed are descriptive, correlational, ex post facto, quasi-experimental, and experimental designs.
Net coaching & remedial classes p 1 part 2 researchBhumi Dangi
hello there!!! so as part of lock-down situation, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar university started conduction online classes for upcoming NET examination. As part of that, i have been uploading series of Research Aptitude related stuff. paper code 30, English literature, research unit 10. and this slideshare is about paper 1. other pt also i've uploaded.
Net coaching & remedial classes p 1 part 2 researchBhumi Dangi
hello there!!! so as part of lock-down situation, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar university started conduction online classes for upcoming NET examination. As part of that, i have been uploading series of Research Aptitude related stuff. paper code 30, English literature, research unit 10. and this slideshare is about paper 1. other pt also i've uploaded.
In the discovery with models method identification relationships among students behaviors and characteristics or contextual variables are key applications.
MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICS 1
MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICS 2
Measurement and Statistics
Student Name:
Institution Name:
Instructor Name:
Submission Date:
Introduction
There is excessive use of internet today both by the old and the young. It common to see people spending most of their time behind computers or using their mobile phones browsing the internet and assessing social media. Internet is beneficial for various reasons such as entertainment, social interaction, education and even work. There have been concerns as to whether this excessive use of internet by individuals has a negative impact on their psychological health. Some of the aspects that internet has been seen to affect one’s psychological health include; anxiety, sleep, stress, depression and even social life. Some researchers have conducted studies which link excessive use of internet to extreme cases of low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts. The focus of this paper is to analyze the statistics and measurements that will be used in the research which will be conducted to confirm if excessive internet use has a negative impact on psychological health.
Type of Research
The research to find out if excessive use of internet affects psychological health will be quantitative. This is where the variables will be assigned numerical date in scales and during data collection. After obtaining results from the date collection process, the collected data will be analyzed using various statistical analysis tests. The use of quantitative research in this case will be important to the test in various ways. Quantitative research tends to be more objective and reliable compared to qualitative research (Balnaves, 2001). It is also significant as statistics can be used to conclude a finding. The complex problem in a research study can be restructured and reduced to a smaller number of variables. It also focusses association and relationship between variables and can describe cause and effect easily. After results have been analyzed, quantitative research can easily test hypothesis and theories. It is important through its assumption that a sample represents the whole population. There is less recognition of the researcher’s subjectivity and therefore there is less biasness in this kind of research.
Variables
The qualitative study will be relational as it will analyze the relationship between various variables. There will be collection of data among university students who will be selected randomly and they will fill a questionnaire. The variables in the research study can be generally divided into two categories; internet use and psychological health. The data on internet use will be collected using Online Cognition Scale (OCS) ...
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
In the discovery with models method identification relationships among students behaviors and characteristics or contextual variables are key applications.
MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICS 1
MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICS 2
Measurement and Statistics
Student Name:
Institution Name:
Instructor Name:
Submission Date:
Introduction
There is excessive use of internet today both by the old and the young. It common to see people spending most of their time behind computers or using their mobile phones browsing the internet and assessing social media. Internet is beneficial for various reasons such as entertainment, social interaction, education and even work. There have been concerns as to whether this excessive use of internet by individuals has a negative impact on their psychological health. Some of the aspects that internet has been seen to affect one’s psychological health include; anxiety, sleep, stress, depression and even social life. Some researchers have conducted studies which link excessive use of internet to extreme cases of low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts. The focus of this paper is to analyze the statistics and measurements that will be used in the research which will be conducted to confirm if excessive internet use has a negative impact on psychological health.
Type of Research
The research to find out if excessive use of internet affects psychological health will be quantitative. This is where the variables will be assigned numerical date in scales and during data collection. After obtaining results from the date collection process, the collected data will be analyzed using various statistical analysis tests. The use of quantitative research in this case will be important to the test in various ways. Quantitative research tends to be more objective and reliable compared to qualitative research (Balnaves, 2001). It is also significant as statistics can be used to conclude a finding. The complex problem in a research study can be restructured and reduced to a smaller number of variables. It also focusses association and relationship between variables and can describe cause and effect easily. After results have been analyzed, quantitative research can easily test hypothesis and theories. It is important through its assumption that a sample represents the whole population. There is less recognition of the researcher’s subjectivity and therefore there is less biasness in this kind of research.
Variables
The qualitative study will be relational as it will analyze the relationship between various variables. There will be collection of data among university students who will be selected randomly and they will fill a questionnaire. The variables in the research study can be generally divided into two categories; internet use and psychological health. The data on internet use will be collected using Online Cognition Scale (OCS) ...
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. 1
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
HANDOUTS
Compiled by: Judith C. Mustaham
Sample Abstract of Qualitative Research
This study determined the challenges faced by the English Teachers on modular learning modality.
This is a descriptive-quantitative and qualitative types of research employing survey method and interview.
Two hundred eighty-nine (289) English teachers from senior and junior high schools under the eleven
districts in Zamboanga City Division, Zamboanga City, during the first semester of school year 2021 – 2022
were involved. Twenty-two of these teachers were considered as participants of the interview. The study
was delimited only to the challenges on modular distance learning. The findings revealed that the
challenges encountered by the English teachers in modular distance learning were dominated by late
submission of modules, followed by communication with the students/parents, printing of modules,
learners’ poor grasp of the modules, lack of parental support, and poor quality of learning. In responding to
the challenges, the English teachers came up with coping mechanisms which include reaching out the
students/parents, followed by constant monitoring, conducting online class, simplifying the lessons and
motivating the students. They suggested that there’s a need to improve the modules, followed by on time
printing of modules, turn modules into books, conduct face-to-face classes, provide gadgets to students,
orient parents on their roles, conduct constant monitoring, and provide laptops and printers to teachers.
Sample Abstract of Quantitative Research
The study aims to assess anger, impulsivity and anxiety from academic stress as suicidal risk
predictors in Senior High School students. Researchers employed correlational (prediction studies) design
with a sample size of 274 respondents. The 4-point Likert scale questionnaires adapted were State-Trait
Anger Expression Inventory- 2 (STAXI-2), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Beck Anxiety
Inventory (BAI) in measuring the level of anger, impulsivity and anxiety from academic stress. Using 7-
point Likertscale, Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) was also used to measure the level of suicidal risk.
Higher level of anxiety (x ̅=2.64) and anger (x ̅=2.54) was found among the respondents. Impulsivity was
found to be low (x ̅=2.25). Results revealed that both anger (r=0.297) and anxiety (r=0.296) has weak
correlation to suicidal while impulsivity shows a very weak correlation (r=0.196). Although significant
relationship was found between anger, impulsivity and anxiety from academic stress and suicidal risk,
respondents are unlikely to commit suicide as shown by its mean (x ̅=2.46). Ultimately, it can be concluded
that both anger and anxiety can be predictors of suicidal risk. The researchers recommend that people
playing vital roles in the lives of students be active in implementing ways to help them control their
emotions.
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research designs employ numbers and statistics in coming up with generalizations
about the problem or inquiry. It has characteristics, strengths and weaknesses and kinds.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is commonly used in natural sciences research problems because of the
following characteristics:
1. Large Sample Size. To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come from a large
sample size.
2. Objectivity. Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively, and are
unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.
3. Concise Visual Presentation. Data is numerical which makes presentation through graphs, charts,
and tables possible and with better conveyance and interpretation.
4. Faster Data Analysis. The use of a statistical tools gives way for a less time consuming data
analysis.
5. Generalized Data. Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if sampling is done
accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken.
6. Fast and Easy Data Collection. Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be quick and
2. 2
easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research instruments that allow the researcher to
collect data from a large sample size efficiently. For instance, a single survey form can be
administered simultaneously to collect various measurable characteristics like age, gender, socio-
economic status, etc.
7. Reliable Data. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a representative of the
population, making it more credible and reliable for policymaking and decision making.
8. High Replicability. The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its validity,
free from false or immature conclusions.
Strengths/Advantages of Quantitative Research
The following are the advantages of quantitative research or its strengths:
1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and effect
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
8. Validity and reliability can be established
9. Can be tested and checked.
10. Straightforward analysis.
11. Prestige.
Weaknesses/Disadvantages of Quantitative Research
The following are the disadvantages of quantitative research or its weaknesses:
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection more costly.
8. False focus on numbers.
9. Can be misleading.
10. Quantitative studies require extensive statistical treatment , requiring stringent standards,
more so with confirmation of results.
11. Quantitative research also tends to turn out only proved or unproven results, leaving little
room for uncertainty, or grey areas.
12. Quantitative Method reveals what and to what extent but often fails to answer more on why
and how.
13. This type of research requires the model performance to be monitored on constant basis in
order to ensure its compliance with the original hypotheses.
14.This method involves limited number of Quants supply and also involves complex disciplines
which are hard to master
Activity : Let’s match
Directions: Match the following quantitative research title under column A to its classification
(research design) in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided.
Column A Column B
______1. Investigating the effects of formalin treated A. Experimental
eggplants on mice
______2. Factors affecting job satisfaction among B. Descriptive
Tech-Voc graduates
______3. Prevalence of domestic violence in cities declared C. Ex post facto
under Enhanced Community Quarantine during the
Covid-19 pandemic
______4. The effects of age on social media platform choice D. Quasi
3. 3
experimental
______5. The relationship between intelligence and sports E. Correlational
choices among high school students F. Case Study
Kinds of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is a broad spectrum that it can be classified into smaller and more specific kinds:
descriptive, correlational, ex post facto, quasi-experimental, and experimental.
Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs
in nature. There is no experimental manipulation, and the researcher does not start with a hypothesis. The
goal of descriptive research is only to describe the person or object of the study. An example of descriptive
research design is “the determination of the different kinds of physical activities and how often high school
students do it during the quarantine period.”
The correlational design identifies the relationship between variables. Data are collected by
observation since it does not consider the cause and effect, for example, the relationship between the
amount of physical activity done and student academic achievement.
Ex post facto design is used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events
and present conditions. The term “Ex post facto” which means after the fact, looks at the possible causes
of an already occurring phenomenon. Just like the first two, there is no experimental manipulation in this
design. An example of this is “How does the parent’s academic achievement affect the children’s
obesity?”
A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of variables.
Although it resembles the experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser validity due to
the absence of random selection and assignment of subjects. Here, the independent variable is
identified but not manipulated. The researcher does not modify pre-existing groups of subjects.
The group exposed to treatment (experimental) is compared to the group unexposed to treatment
(control): example, the effects of unemployment on attitude towards following safety protocol in
ECQ declared areas.
Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to establish the cause-and-effect
relationship of two or more variables. This design provides a more conclusive result because it
uses random assignment of subjects and experimental manipulations. For example, a comparison
of the effects of various blended learning to the reading comprehension of elementary pupils.