The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Journal Waste oils as alternative fuel for diesel engine: A reviewKhatir NAIMA
Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources have led the researchers to find alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. On the other hand waste oils pose a very serious environment challenge because of their disposal problems all over the world. In this context, waste oils are currently receiving renewed interest. The properties of the oil derived from waste plastics, cooking and engines oils were analyzed and compared with the petroleum products and found that it has properties similar to that of diesel. This paper gives a brief review about using waste oil of these three types of oil as a fuel for diesel engines. The conversion process of each type of waste oil is presented. The results obtained from the experimental studies on a Diesel engine are discussed.
Investigations on a Diesel Engine Run on used Lubricating Oil Biodiesel Blend...ijtsrd
Exhaust emission coming from IC engines affects not only the environment but also the human health. This serious issue has got attention by the government as well as from the researchers throughout the world. In this regard it is necessary to find out alternative to not only fossil fuel but also environment cooperative fuel. In this regard, investigations were carried out by using Jatropha biodiesel and its blend with used lubricating oil which was discarded after use. The test was carried in a single cylinder diesel engine and different terms such as performance and emissions of diesel engine were found out and compared with diesel operation. It was noticed that engine can be run by using these kinds of fuels. By using these fuels not only we are solving waste disposal problem but also replacing diesel fuel and environment friendly fuel. The used lubricating oils were blended with Jatropha biodiesel in different proportions and test were done. Pranav Kumar | Ravindra Mohan | Jagdeesh Prasad ""Investigations on a Diesel Engine Run on used Lubricating Oil-Biodiesel Blend as an Alternative Fuel"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30158.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30158/investigations-on-a-diesel-engine-run-on-used-lubricating-oil-biodiesel-blend-as-an-alternative-fuel/pranav-kumar
this presentation has a business plan for setting up a Bio diesel plant in Laos. it includes all the operational, financial and legal considerations that are to be followed for starting such kind of business
Fossil fuels will soon be exhausted.
If we had replenish fuel sources, what direction should we go in?
Electric cars
Solar power
Wind power
THE FUEL OF FUTURE -BIO DIESEL
WHAT IS BIO-DIESEL?
Diesel fuel substitute produced from renewable sources.
It is manufactured from animal or vegetable fats and has physical properties very similar to petroleum diesel fuel.
It is non-toxic and biodegradable.
It can be combined with petroleum diesel at any level.
RUDOLF DIESEL SAYS-
"The use of vegetable
oils for engine fuels
may seem insignificant
today. But such oils
may become in course
of time as important as
petroleum and the
coal tar products of
the present time."
WHY BIO-DIESEL?
Biodiesel reduces carbon dioxide exhaust emissions up to 80%.
Biodiesel produces 100% less SOx than petroleum.
Biodiesel reduces exhaust smoke (particulates) emissions up to 75%.
The smell of the biodiesel exhaust is far more pleasant.
Journal Waste oils as alternative fuel for diesel engine: A reviewKhatir NAIMA
Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources have led the researchers to find alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. On the other hand waste oils pose a very serious environment challenge because of their disposal problems all over the world. In this context, waste oils are currently receiving renewed interest. The properties of the oil derived from waste plastics, cooking and engines oils were analyzed and compared with the petroleum products and found that it has properties similar to that of diesel. This paper gives a brief review about using waste oil of these three types of oil as a fuel for diesel engines. The conversion process of each type of waste oil is presented. The results obtained from the experimental studies on a Diesel engine are discussed.
Investigations on a Diesel Engine Run on used Lubricating Oil Biodiesel Blend...ijtsrd
Exhaust emission coming from IC engines affects not only the environment but also the human health. This serious issue has got attention by the government as well as from the researchers throughout the world. In this regard it is necessary to find out alternative to not only fossil fuel but also environment cooperative fuel. In this regard, investigations were carried out by using Jatropha biodiesel and its blend with used lubricating oil which was discarded after use. The test was carried in a single cylinder diesel engine and different terms such as performance and emissions of diesel engine were found out and compared with diesel operation. It was noticed that engine can be run by using these kinds of fuels. By using these fuels not only we are solving waste disposal problem but also replacing diesel fuel and environment friendly fuel. The used lubricating oils were blended with Jatropha biodiesel in different proportions and test were done. Pranav Kumar | Ravindra Mohan | Jagdeesh Prasad ""Investigations on a Diesel Engine Run on used Lubricating Oil-Biodiesel Blend as an Alternative Fuel"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30158.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30158/investigations-on-a-diesel-engine-run-on-used-lubricating-oil-biodiesel-blend-as-an-alternative-fuel/pranav-kumar
this presentation has a business plan for setting up a Bio diesel plant in Laos. it includes all the operational, financial and legal considerations that are to be followed for starting such kind of business
Fossil fuels will soon be exhausted.
If we had replenish fuel sources, what direction should we go in?
Electric cars
Solar power
Wind power
THE FUEL OF FUTURE -BIO DIESEL
WHAT IS BIO-DIESEL?
Diesel fuel substitute produced from renewable sources.
It is manufactured from animal or vegetable fats and has physical properties very similar to petroleum diesel fuel.
It is non-toxic and biodegradable.
It can be combined with petroleum diesel at any level.
RUDOLF DIESEL SAYS-
"The use of vegetable
oils for engine fuels
may seem insignificant
today. But such oils
may become in course
of time as important as
petroleum and the
coal tar products of
the present time."
WHY BIO-DIESEL?
Biodiesel reduces carbon dioxide exhaust emissions up to 80%.
Biodiesel produces 100% less SOx than petroleum.
Biodiesel reduces exhaust smoke (particulates) emissions up to 75%.
The smell of the biodiesel exhaust is far more pleasant.
Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass.
Biodiesel production is the process of producing the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical reactions of transesterification and esterification. This involves vegetable or animal fats and oils being reacted with short-chain alcohols. The alcohols used should be of low molecular weight.
Plastic and Tire Pyrolysis Plant Manufacturers - Pyrocrat Systems LLPPyrolysis Plant
Pyrolysis plant is an industry that converts waste plastic & tires into Pyrolysis Oil, Carbon Black & Hydrocarbon Gas. End products are used as industrial fuels for producing heat, steam or electricity. Pyrolysis plant is also known as: pyrolysis unit, plastic to fuel industry, tire to fuel industry, plastic and tire recycling unit etc.
More info at http://www.pyrolysisplant.com/
Biofuels Issues, Trends and Challenges
"RENALT ENERGY" - providing integrated solutions to "Green" petrochemicals, integrated Bio-Refining /conventional oil Refining, and Biomass-to-chemicals, primarily through Energy and Process Consultancy.
Biomass-to-"Green" chemicals: Biomass-to-chemicals refers to the process of producing chemicals from Biomass. The major Biomass -to-chemicals processes utilized in worldwide, with our strategic focus on, Biomass-to-methanol, MTO and MTP processes that produce the same chemical products, such as ethylene and propylene, as the petrochemical facilities, due to better cost efficiencies and greater demand for these chemicals.
We also have interest in, Biomass-to-olefins, Biomass-to-PVC, Biomass to-aromatics and Biomass-to-ammonia/urea processes.
We provide a broad range of integrated services spanning the project life-cycle from feasibility studies, consulting services, provision of proprietary technologies, design, engineering, and after-sale technical support.
This report covers patent analysis on the use and application of fuel additives, its research momentum and key intellectual property indicators. Additives have been developed to increase combustion rates, as anti oxidants, to effect burn rates, to enable fuels to work under extreme temperatures, reduce harmful emissions and more. Patent data reveals various organizations have focused their research across different categories and application areas of additives with some working on the cleaning properties, some on the anti oxidation properties and others having more research around catalysts. This report focuses on how Patent data can help uncover the trends, gaps and opportunities that exist around this area. You will find the information on the research activity, the companies most active in this research area, the filings spread, key comparisons etc. This report was prepared by mining patent data using Patent iNSIGHT Pro, a comprehensive patent analysis platform that helps one accelerate time-to-decision from patent analysis activities.
World Bioenergy Association initiative to develop fossil fuel exit strategy a...Oleksandra Tryboi
Presentation of the President of World Bioenergy Association Remigijus Lapinskas at the 12th International Conference "BIOMASS FOR ENERGY" on 20 September 2016.
Production of Biodiesel using waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapur temple (...IJEAB
In India, due to various mythological and religious reasons hundreds of devotees pour oil over the idols in Hanuman or Maruti and Shani temples. The oil once poured cannot be reutilized and was ultimately wasted. These waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapurwas used to produce biodiesel. Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to catalyze transesterification of waste temple oil. The cells of P.aeruginosa were immobilized within the sodium alginate. Biodiesel production and its applications were gaining popularity in recent years due to decreased petroleum based reserves. Biodiesel cost formed from waste temple oil was higher than that of fossil fuel, because of high raw material cost.To decrease the cost of biofuel, waste temple oil was used as alternative as feedstock. It has lower emission of pollutants; it is biodegradable and enhances engine lubricity. Waste temple oil contains triglycerides that were used for biodiesel production by chemical and biological method.Transesterification reaction of oil produces methyl esters that are substitutes for fatty acid alkyl biodiesel fuel. Characteristics of oil were studied such as specific gravity, viscosity, acid number, saponification number.Parameters such as temperature,oil: methanol ratio were studied and 88%, 96% of biodiesel yield was obtained with effect of temperature and oil: methanol ratio on transesterification reaction. Withaddition ofNaOH or KOH to fatty acids which formed salt known as soap,which is excellent emulsifying and cleaning agents.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass.
Biodiesel production is the process of producing the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical reactions of transesterification and esterification. This involves vegetable or animal fats and oils being reacted with short-chain alcohols. The alcohols used should be of low molecular weight.
Plastic and Tire Pyrolysis Plant Manufacturers - Pyrocrat Systems LLPPyrolysis Plant
Pyrolysis plant is an industry that converts waste plastic & tires into Pyrolysis Oil, Carbon Black & Hydrocarbon Gas. End products are used as industrial fuels for producing heat, steam or electricity. Pyrolysis plant is also known as: pyrolysis unit, plastic to fuel industry, tire to fuel industry, plastic and tire recycling unit etc.
More info at http://www.pyrolysisplant.com/
Biofuels Issues, Trends and Challenges
"RENALT ENERGY" - providing integrated solutions to "Green" petrochemicals, integrated Bio-Refining /conventional oil Refining, and Biomass-to-chemicals, primarily through Energy and Process Consultancy.
Biomass-to-"Green" chemicals: Biomass-to-chemicals refers to the process of producing chemicals from Biomass. The major Biomass -to-chemicals processes utilized in worldwide, with our strategic focus on, Biomass-to-methanol, MTO and MTP processes that produce the same chemical products, such as ethylene and propylene, as the petrochemical facilities, due to better cost efficiencies and greater demand for these chemicals.
We also have interest in, Biomass-to-olefins, Biomass-to-PVC, Biomass to-aromatics and Biomass-to-ammonia/urea processes.
We provide a broad range of integrated services spanning the project life-cycle from feasibility studies, consulting services, provision of proprietary technologies, design, engineering, and after-sale technical support.
This report covers patent analysis on the use and application of fuel additives, its research momentum and key intellectual property indicators. Additives have been developed to increase combustion rates, as anti oxidants, to effect burn rates, to enable fuels to work under extreme temperatures, reduce harmful emissions and more. Patent data reveals various organizations have focused their research across different categories and application areas of additives with some working on the cleaning properties, some on the anti oxidation properties and others having more research around catalysts. This report focuses on how Patent data can help uncover the trends, gaps and opportunities that exist around this area. You will find the information on the research activity, the companies most active in this research area, the filings spread, key comparisons etc. This report was prepared by mining patent data using Patent iNSIGHT Pro, a comprehensive patent analysis platform that helps one accelerate time-to-decision from patent analysis activities.
World Bioenergy Association initiative to develop fossil fuel exit strategy a...Oleksandra Tryboi
Presentation of the President of World Bioenergy Association Remigijus Lapinskas at the 12th International Conference "BIOMASS FOR ENERGY" on 20 September 2016.
Production of Biodiesel using waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapur temple (...IJEAB
In India, due to various mythological and religious reasons hundreds of devotees pour oil over the idols in Hanuman or Maruti and Shani temples. The oil once poured cannot be reutilized and was ultimately wasted. These waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapurwas used to produce biodiesel. Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to catalyze transesterification of waste temple oil. The cells of P.aeruginosa were immobilized within the sodium alginate. Biodiesel production and its applications were gaining popularity in recent years due to decreased petroleum based reserves. Biodiesel cost formed from waste temple oil was higher than that of fossil fuel, because of high raw material cost.To decrease the cost of biofuel, waste temple oil was used as alternative as feedstock. It has lower emission of pollutants; it is biodegradable and enhances engine lubricity. Waste temple oil contains triglycerides that were used for biodiesel production by chemical and biological method.Transesterification reaction of oil produces methyl esters that are substitutes for fatty acid alkyl biodiesel fuel. Characteristics of oil were studied such as specific gravity, viscosity, acid number, saponification number.Parameters such as temperature,oil: methanol ratio were studied and 88%, 96% of biodiesel yield was obtained with effect of temperature and oil: methanol ratio on transesterification reaction. Withaddition ofNaOH or KOH to fatty acids which formed salt known as soap,which is excellent emulsifying and cleaning agents.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
WASTE OIL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR FUTURE –A REVIEWijiert bestjournal
The financial growth of the country is measured by efficient use of natural resources especially fuel. Fossil fuels have played a dominant role in t he rapid industrialization of the world and thereby increased and improved quality of life. How ever,due to the threat of supply crunch ever rising prices and the effect of green house gases c aused by conventional fuels there is an urgent need to explore the possibility of using waste oils (tire process oil) as alternative fuels to reduce the pollution and to increase the energy self-relia nce of the country. The study aims to review the alternative fuels for diesel engine for future. It was found that the properties of the TPO are almost same as that of pure diesel oil.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Production of diesel like fuel from waste engine oil and engine performance t...IRJEETJournal
Engine oil has become a very useful and versatile material with a wide range of application. In the past 60 years, the automotive and industry sector is developing on a large scale and there productivity is raising up exponentially. Parallel to the growth of these sectors the demand of engine oil and high viscous lubricants are increasing which leads to the problem of pollution worldwide due to its slow decomposing behavior and toxic impacts on environment.
Researches are going on to recycle the waste engine oil and produce diesel like fuels with different processes. This Research covers the production of diesel like fuel from waste engine oil by doing pyrolysis and testing it in CI engine to check and compare the engine performance.
It is also seen that from 1 kg of waste high density engine oil, about 750ml of fuel can be produced. And, the produced fuel can be used for domestic purpose, in automotive field, and in industries also. This fuel produced by pyrolysis of waste engine oil is suitable to use in a diesel engine partially or completely.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE USING TYRE PYROLYSIS OIL-DIE...IAEME Publication
Many alternate fuels like Alcohols, Biodiesel, Methanol, Ethanol, LPG, CNG etc have been already commercialized in the transport sector. In this context, pyrolysis of solid waste is currently receiving renewed interest. This research describe a comparison of the use of pyrolysis oils which are the tire pyrolysis oil, plastic pyrolysis oil and diesel oil in the assessment of engine performance, and feasibility analysis.
Effect of Tyre Pyrolysis Oil (TPO) Blends on Performance of Single Cylinder D...rahulmonikasharma
Increasing industrialization and motorization led to a significant rise in demand of petroleum products. As these are the non-renewable resources, it will be troublesome to predict the availability of these resources in the future, resulting in uncertainty in its supply and price and is impacting growing economies like India importing 80% of the total demand of the petroleum products. Many attempts have been made by different researchers to find out alternate fuels for Internal Combustion engines. Many alternate fuels like Biodiesel, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and Alcohol are being used nowadays by different vehicles. In this context pyrolysis of scrap tyres can be used effectively to produce oil, thereby solving the problem of waste tyre disposal. In the present study, Experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled by TPO10, TPO15, and TPO20 at a crank angle 260 before TDC (Top Dead Centre) and injection pressure of 200 bar keeping the blend quality by controlling the density and viscosity of tyre pyrolysis oil within permissible limit of euro IV diesel requirement. The performance and emission results were analyzed and compared with that of diesel fuel operation. The results of investigations indicate that the brake thermal efficiency of the TPO - DF blend decreases by 6 to 10%. CO emissions are slightly higher but well within permissible limit of euro IV emission standards. HC emissions are higher by about 25 to 35% at partial load whereas smoke opacity is lower by about 3% to 21% as compared to diesel fuel.
2 ijaems sept-2015-2-experimental investigation of waste transformer oil as a...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper reports on the Waste transformer oil fuel is blended with diesel fuel in different percentage and the effects of their operational characteristics and performance and emission characteristics of the DI diesel engine. In this study, the tested fuels were obtained through catalytic cracking process. Experimental results showed that the flash points and cetane number of the WTO blended diesel have increased with higher concentration of WTO. Based on the experimental results, HC, CO and NOx emissions noticeably decrease, while smoke emissions dramatically increase with increasing the dosing level of WTO. At the full load, the magnitude of HC, CO and NOx emissions for the neat diesel was 120 ppm, 0.36 (%by volume) and 1130ppm, whereas it was 68 ppm, 0.17 (%by volume) and 410ppm for the WTO20 fuel, respectively. The results also showed a significant enhancement in brake thermal efficiency and heat release rate due to the influence of the WTO20 in diesel blend.
Use of Jatropha Biodiesel in C.I. Engines- A reviewIJERA Editor
Petroleum based fuels play a vital role in rapid depletion of conventional energy sources. Along with their
increasing demands, these are also major contributors of air pollution which is contributing to greenhouse effect
and consequently to ozone layer depletion.
Major portion of today’s energy demand in India is being met with fossil fuels. Hence, it is high time that
alternative fuels for engines should be derived from different indigenous sources. As India is an agricultural
country, there is a wide scope for the production of vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) from different oil
seeds.
This paper is based on recommending an alternate fuel for diesel engines. Expectations have been high for the
production of biodiesel from the Jatropha oil-crop. Jatropha is promoted as a drought and pest resistant crop,
with the potential to grow on degraded soils with a low amount of inputs. These characteristics encourage hope
for positive environmental and socio-economic impacts from Jatropha biodiesel.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
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H03402054058
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
||Volume||3 ||Issue|| 4||Pages|| 54-58 ||2013||
ISSN(e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN(p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 54
Production of Alternative Diesel Fuel from Waste Oils and
Comparison with Fresh Diesel:-A Review
1,
Manish Chand Sharma , 2,
Neelesh Soni
Research scholar, Asst. professor of SRCEM Banmore Morena (M.P)
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------
Due to depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing cost of the petroleum products are the big troubles of
today's world .from past to present, tendency of oil price have increased consecutively. Especially, India has
deficient amount of fossil fuel .for this reason, India has to import fossil fuel, such as petroleum for domestic
demand. In this review our main focus is on finding alternative fuel resources and utilizing them to eliminate
their negative effects, become of the limitation of petroleum products.In this context, waste oils are currently
receiving renewed interest. The properties of the oils derived from waste plastic pyrolysis oil, used engine oil
and waste tire oil were analysed and compared with the petroleum products and found that it has properties
similar to that of diesel. This paper gives a brief review about using waste oils of these three types of oils as a
fuel for diesel engines. The production processes of each type of waste oils are presented. The results obtained
in the comparison of waste purifying oil properties with fresh diesel are discussed.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 02 April 2014 Date of Publication: 15 April 2014
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
Due to the high cost of crude oil, the country is facing a big amount of import bill for crude oil in every
year and the economic structure becomes in scattered condition to carry on this expenditure. This puts extra
burden on its home economy. So, all possible measures or attempts should be Functioning of an engine,
lubricating oils or engine oils are used for lubrication. After a certain period of time these used engine oils are
taken out. During lubrication about 20% of the lubricating oil is consumed and the rest 80% are remain as such
with some impurities. Thus a huge quantity of used engine oil is left and wastage from different transport sectors
everyday [1]. Industrial and household wastes are produced on a daily basis and are managed in many ways,
depending on their type. According to their combustibility, wastes are basically categorized as either burnable or
un burnable. The burnable wastes are normally treated by combustion with or without heat production, while the
un burnable wastes are treated by recycling, re-use, or land filling, depending on the material. Municipal and
industrial wastes that contain high heat value, such as waste plastics oil (WPO), waste cooking oil (WCO), and
waste lubricating oil (WLO) are considered efficient feed stocks for energy production in a Waste-to-Energy
regimen [2]. Tire pyrolysis has been investigated for more than 20 years. The process converts waste tire into
potentially recyclable materials such as flammable gas, pyrolysis oil and carbon black [3]
II. VARIES TYPES OF WASTE FUELS FOR DIESEL ENGINE
WASTE PLASTIC PYROLYSIS OIL: - In the USA, plastic waste approximately 31 million of tons was
generated in 2010 which is about 17.45% of total waste by weight. The percentage of the plastic waste is also
similar in India and around the world. As known that plastic is a non- degradable petroleum based product. The
old landfill area is found that degradable product is composted; be-come soil while plastic still exists. The last
30 years have witnessed an explosive growth of the plastic industry. The production of synthetic polymers
represented by polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
worldwide has increased more than 100 times in the last three decades. These plastics are widely used in many
important day to day applications such as clothing, household appliances and in automotive products and
aerospace. While we enjoy the conveniences that plastics can provide, the treatment of waste plastics becomes
an unavoidable and imminent issue. In this regard, it can be safely stated that we are in urgent need and effective
ways to recycle waste plastics. Recently new ways of environmentally-friendly waste plastic recycling have
been of interest, and among them, the use of waste plastics as a supplemental fuel with coal in the steel making
industry has attracted interest [4]. Attention is also focused on using oil derived from waste plastics in diesel
engines. Diesel engines are the most preferred power plants due to their excellent driveability and higher
thermal efficiency [5].Plastics are non-biodegradable polymers mostly.
2. Production Of Alternative Diesel Fuel From Waste....
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 55
The extent of conversion of plastics or plastic derived waxes into light engine fuels can be increased by
the application of stable hydro cracking catalysts. Similar to petroleum derived cracking products, the fractions
from plastics processing contain appreciable quantities of aromatics and unsaturated hydrocarbons [6]. Some of
the properties and characteristics of waste plastic oil and diesel are compared .Because of the olefin content, it
would be reasonable to submit the derived fractions to the hydrogenation step, typical of pyrolysis or cracking
gasoline hydro refining process. Similarly, because of large quantity of linear n paraffinic Hydrocarbons it
would be profitable to isomerise them in order to lower cloud and freezing points. The results showed that waste
plastic disposal oil when mixed with heavy oils reduces the viscosity significantly and improves the engine
performance [7]. However, very little work has been done to test their use in high-speed diesel engines. Flow
chart of the production of diesel from waste plastic in figure -1[8]
FIGURE-1
III. RESULTS OF PRODUCED DIESEL FROM WASTE PLASTIC PYROLYSIS OIL:-
Production of diesel from waste plastic pyrolysis oil are found from pyrolysis process which is shown in above
figure -1 produced diesel properties compare with fresh diesel properties which is shown in table-1 [8],
RESULTS PRODUCTION OF DIESEL FROM PLASTIC PYROLYSIS OIL COMPARISON WITH
FRESH DIESELIN TABLE-1
PROPERTIES DIESEL
PLASTIC
PYROLYSIS
OIL
Heating value 45814.74 46199.12
C% 87 83.79
H% 13 11.36
O% 2
Cl% na 0.03
S% …… ………
Density @30o
(g/cc) 0.7994 0.8147
Viscosity @
40o (cp) 1-4.11 2.49
Flash point 70 100
TABLE-1
This is completely shown that the produced diesel from waste plastic oil is more suitable for diesel engine
which is considered through the comparison with fresh diesel and less pollutant for environment.
3. Production Of Alternative Diesel Fuel From Waste....
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 56
IV. USED ENGINE OIL
Waste lubricant oils and bio fuels are two important alternative fuel sources proved to be the best
substitutes for existing petro fuels, since waste generated oils represent more than 60% of used lubricant oils.
Therefore, waste oils are one of the most abundant pollutant residues that are generated nowadays, reaching the
value of 24 million metric tonnes per year [9]. In recent years, recycling of the waste lubricant oils and utilizing
of the products as fuels have become important topics for researchers. Most of the lubricant oils are generally
obtained from petroleum resources. Petroleum-derived base oils currently account for about 97% of the total
lubricant production [10]. However, these oils become waste oils harmful for environment after a certain time
period. Recycling of the waste lubricant oils by purifying and converting them into fuels is very important in
terms of protection of the environment. After waste lubricant oils are converted into fuels, they can be used as
fuels in internal combustion engines. In recycling process, waste lubricant oils are exposed to various processes,
and then used as fuel or they are converted into various chemicals in order to minimize the harmful effects of
these wastes [10]. Millions of tons of used oils are disposed through dumping on the ground or in water, land
filling, or non-energy- recovery [10]. The used or waste oils can be refined and treated to produce fuels or
lubricating oil base stock. On the other hand, the waste oils pose an environmental hazard due to both their
metal content and other contaminants [11]. The high-volume waste oils can be turned into valuable fuel products
by refining and treating processes. Converting of the waste oils into diesel and gasoline-like fuels to be used in
engines without disposing is very important. Utilization of the diesel and gasoline-like fuels produced from the
waste lubricant oils, and blending of the produced fuels with gasoline or turpentine decrease consumption of
petroleum based fuels, protecting environment from toxic and hazardous chemicals [10]. It also saves of foreign
exchange, reduces greenhouse gas emissions and enhances regional development especially in developing
countries [12].Used engine oil are easily found from bus & trucks garages and provide diesel fuel from the
purifying process such as acid treatment ,neutralization ,clay treatment and blending which are shown in
figure -2 [1]
RESULTS OF PRODUCED DIESEL FROM USED ENGINE OIL: Production of diesel from used engine
oil with the help of purifying process such as acid treatment , neutralization , clay treatment , blinding &
filtering with WOTEC machine which is shown in Figure-2 [1].Clay-treated used engine oil could be used
directly as a diesel fuel considered through comparison with fresh diesel properties which is shown in table-2.
RESULTS PRODUCTION OF DIESEL FROM USED ENGINE OIL COMPARISON WITH FRESH
DIESEL IN TABLE-2[1]
PROPERTY DIESEL
DIESEL
FROM
UEO
HCV kj/kg 42592.2 42930.79
API gravity 34.05 30.06
Aniline point 51.6 61
Diesel index 43 43
Viscosity 1.98 5.05
Flash point 60 73
Fire point 68 77
Cloud point -15 -8
Pour point -18 -16
pb ( ppm) 0.1723 0.2053
TABLE-2
4. Production Of Alternative Diesel Fuel From Waste....
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 57
WASTE TIRE OIL :- Pyrolysis is a complex series of chemical and thermal reactions to decompose organic
material under Oxygen-free conditions. The products of pyrolysis include oils, gases and char. For tire pyrolysis
oil, it has been reported that the tire pyrolysis oil is a complex mixture of organic compounds of 5-20 carbons
with high proportion of aromatics [13]. In general, product yields from pyrolysis are varied with temperature
[14]. Determined that oil production yield of tire pyrolysis process has a maximum at 350°C and decomposes
rapidly above 400°C. The pyrolysis oil used in this research is processed from a batch pyrolysis reactor with
desulfurization process. The capacity of the system is 6 tons of waste tire input per batch at the temperature
range 350-400°C. The tire pyrolysis oil is distilled and distinguished into 3 kinds of substances, gas and light oil
(C6-C14), diesel-like oil (C14-C19), and heavy oil (C19-C35) as shown in Fig.-3. Diesel-like oil in this
research is distilled at Temperatures between 250-340°C respect to the distil temperature of diesel oil in order to
optimize the efficiency of the engine.
RESULTS OF PRODUCED DIESEL FROM WASTE TIRE OIL:- :-Production of diesel from waste tyre
oil are found from pyrolysis process which is shown in above figure -3 produced diesel properties compare
with fresh diesel properties which is shown in table -3 [14].After comparison with fresh diesel it is clear that
produced diesel is more suitable fuel for diesel engine.
FIGURE-3
RESULTS PRODUCTION OF DIESEL FROM WASTE TIRE OIL COMPARISON WITH FRESH
DIESEL IN TABLE -3[14]
PROPERTY
WASTE
TIRE
OIL DIESEL
HEATING
VALUE
kj/kg 43225.9 46400
C% 84.67 87
H% 10.44 13
O% 4.17 na
N% 0.7 na
S% 0.02 na
FLASH
POINT 68 62
VISCOSITY 2.69 1.6
TABLE-3
V. CONCLUSION
This paper gives a brief review on the production process of the most waste oils available in now days
in order to use them in Diesel Engine. From the results obtained we can summarize the Produced diesel from
plastic pyrolysis oil, waste engine oil and waste tyre oil, are technically suitable, economically viable and less
responsible to pollute environment.
5. Production Of Alternative Diesel Fuel From Waste....
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 58
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